Midas, Croesus, and the Lost Kingdoms of Iron Age Anatolia
Tides of History
The Reign of Ishpawini: Expansion and Conflict
Under Ishpawini's leadership, the Urartian state transitioned from bilingualism to solely speaking Urartian. Ishpawini established a standing army and launched campaigns, conquering several small states in present-day Armenia and northwest Iran. Despite an Assyrian invasion, Ishpawini's ambitions grew. The Urartians focused their efforts on the lands to their north, west, and east, which were valuable for their resources and trade routes. These territories included Atiyuni, Diahuis, and Equahi. The Urartians had a large and significant territory measuring approximately 200 miles on each side.
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