The concept of the veil of ignorance radicalizes the social contract tradition by focusing on creating fair agreements without unfair advantages. It allows people to abstract away from their starting points and envision a society's construction based on impartiality. The original position behind the veil of ignorance serves as a thought experiment to capture impartiality and guide the formation of societal principles beyond moral intuitions. By eliminating real-world impurities and background inequalities, this concept helps in designing a society from a perspective where individuals don't know their place in it.
Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss A Theory of Justice by John Rawls (1921 - 2002) which has been called the most influential book in twentieth century political philosophy. It was first published in 1971. Rawls (pictured above) drew on his own experience in WW2 and saw the chance in its aftermath to build a new society, one founded on personal liberty and fair equality of opportunity. While in that just society there could be inequalities, Rawls’ radical idea was that those inequalities must be to the greatest advantage not to the richest but to the worst off.
With
Fabienne Peter
Professor of Philosophy at the University of Warwick
Martin O’Neill
Professor of Political Philosophy at the University of York
And
Jonathan Wolff
The Alfred Landecker Professor of Values and Public Policy at the Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford and Fellow of Wolfson College
Producer: Simon Tillotson