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The Lost Subways of North America
99% Invisible
Automated Subway Systems and Retrofitting Challenges
Automated subway systems allow for frequent service and significantly lower operating costs. However, retrofitting existing subway systems to automation is challenging, especially in cities like Chicago, New York, Boston, Montreal, and Toronto. Vancouver stands out as a successful example of an automated system, while other North American systems like Bard in San Francisco or Washington Metro are still on manual control due to difficulties in maintenance.
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