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How Strength and Exercise trump everything else when it comes to longevity.
Exercise and physical fitness, particularly strength and cardiovascular fitness, have a significantly greater impact on longevity compared to other factors. When comparing hazards ratios, smoking increases the risk of death by 40%, hypertension by 20-21%, atherosclerosis by 25%, and end-stage kidney disease by 175%. In contrast, individuals in the bottom 25% of fitness have a 400% higher mortality rate compared to those in the top 2%, while individuals in the bottom quartile of strength have a three-fold higher mortality rate compared to the top quartile. These metrics of exercise and fitness surpass the impact of diabetes and smoking. It is important to address multiple factors for optimal health, but prioritizing strength and high cardiorespiratory fitness significantly improve outcomes.