
Thinking Fellows
The Thinking Fellows is a 45-minute podcast about theology, philosophy, Christian history, and apologetics. It is hosted by Scott Keith, Caleb Keith, Adam Francisco, and Bruce Hilman. The Thinking Fellows bring high-level subject matters to fun and insightful lay-level conversations each week.
Latest episodes

Jun 5, 2025 • 53min
Can You Trust the Bible?
In this episode of the Thinking Fellows podcast, Caleb Keith, Adam Francisco, and Bruce Hillman assert the trustworthiness of Scripture. They discuss the importance of biblical inerrancy, the implications of textual variants, and the transparency of the Christian tradition in handling manuscript evidence. The conversation underscores the importance of a thoughtful approach to understanding Scripture in the face of contemporary challenges to faith. Show Notes: Support 1517 Podcast Network 1517 Podcasts 1517 on Youtube 1517 Podcast Network on Apple Podcasts 1517 Events Schedule 1517 Academy - Free Theological Education What’s New from 1517: Preorder Sinner Saint by Luke Kjolhaug The Impossible Prize: A Theology of Addiction by Donavan Riley Ditching the Checklist by Mark Mattes Broken Bonds: A Novel of the Reformation, Book 1 of 2 by Amy Mantravadi More from the hosts: Caleb Keith Scott Keith Adam Francisco Bruce Hilman

May 29, 2025 • 50min
Are Lutheran's Catholic?
In this episode of the Thinking Fellows podcast, the hosts explore the complexities of Lutheran identity, particularly in relation to Catholicism. They discuss the meanings of 'Catholic' in both small and large contexts. What are the historical implications and the ongoing challenges of using the word "catholic?" The fellows discuss the effectiveness and downfalls of ecumenical movements that rally around small c catholic identity and critique how they can overlook core theological differences, particularly regarding the gospel. Show Notes: Support 1517 Podcast Network 1517 Podcasts 1517 on Youtube 1517 Podcast Network on Apple Podcasts 1517 Events Schedule 1517 Academy - Free Theological Education What’s New from 1517: Preorder Sinner Saint by Luke Kjolhaug The Impossible Prize: A Theology of Addiction by Donavan Riley Ditching the Checklist by Mark Mattes Broken Bonds: A Novel of the Reformation, Book 1 of 2 by Amy Mantravadi More from the hosts: Caleb Keith Scott Keith Adam Francisco Bruce Hilman

May 21, 2025 • 46min
Are Lutherans Protestant?
Lutherans started the Protestant Reformation. However, they shy away from the term today. The Thinking Fellows discuss why the term became contentious but why Lutherans must still identify with it. The conversation highlights Lutherans' challenges in identifying themselves within the broader Christian community and the need for more effective engagement with other traditions. The episode concludes with reflections on the future of Lutheran identity and a teaser for the next episode. Support 1517 Podcast Network 1517 Podcasts 1517 on Youtube 1517 Podcast Network on Apple Podcasts 1517 Events Schedule 1517 Academy - Free Theological Education What’s New from 1517: Preorder Sinner Saint by Luke Kjolhaug The Impossible Prize: A Theology of Addiction by Donavan Riley Ditching the Checklist by Mark Mattes Broken Bonds: A Novel of the Reformation, Book 1 of 2 by Amy Mantravadi More from the hosts: Caleb Keith Scott Keith Adam Francisco Bruce Hilman

May 10, 2025 • 47min
Are Lutherans Evangelicals?
The Fellows continue their conversation about Lutheran identity. This time, they discuss the term "evangelical." Lutherans have used the term to describe themselves since the early Reformation. In recent times, confessional Lutherans have turned away from the term. Caleb, Scott, Adam, and Bruce discuss why the word is worth using and qualifying, even though it has come to gain new definitions in Western Christianity. Show Notes: Support 1517 Podcast Network 1517 Podcasts 1517 on Youtube 1517 Podcast Network on Apple Podcasts 1517 Events Schedule 1517 Academy - Free Theological Education What’s New from 1517: Preorder Sinner Saint by Luke Kjolhaug The Impossible Prize: A Theology of Addiction by Donavan Riley Ditching the Checklist by Mark Mattes Broken Bonds: A Novel of the Reformation, Book 1 of 2 by Amy Mantravadi More from the hosts: Caleb Keith Scott Keith Adam Francisco Bruce Hilman

May 2, 2025 • 46min
What is a Confessional Lutheran?
The Thinking Fellows continue discussing the issue of a Lutheran identity crisis. This week, they deal with the moniker: confessional. They define confessional and explain why it is essential to Lutheranism. They also cover how the term has been used within specific movements in American Lutheranism, particularly the LCMS, to bludgeon people over a reasonable disagreement. Overall, Lutherans must subscribe to the Lutheran Confessions and thus be confessional, but it is not necessary to be involved in the gatekeeping that "confessional" movements can participate in today. Show Notes: Support 1517 Podcast Network 1517 Podcasts 1517 on Youtube 1517 Podcast Network on Apple Podcasts 1517 Events Schedule 1517 Academy - Free Theological Education What’s New from 1517: Preorder Sinner Saint by Luke Kjolhaug The Impossible Prize: A Theology of Addiction by Donavan Riley Ditching the Checklist by Mark Mattes Broken Bonds: A Novel of the Reformation, Book 1 of 2 by Amy Mantravadi More from the hosts: Caleb Keith Scott Keith Adam Francisco Bruce Hilman

Apr 22, 2025 • 53min
A Lutheran Identity Crisis
The discussion unpacks the ongoing identity crisis within Lutheranism, exploring terms like 'confessional' and 'missional.' It dives into history and tradition, revealing how these shape modern beliefs. The challenges of engaging younger members and balancing outreach with core doctrine are highlighted. An intriguing distinction between charitable acts and the true mission of spreading the gospel is emphasized, urging a focus on evangelism amid cultural shifts. Overall, it's a compelling look at how Lutherans navigate contemporary faith challenges.

Apr 10, 2025 • 55min
Things Christians Shouldn't Do
How should Christians navigate the shoulds and shouldnots of daily life, especially on matters not explicitly covered in Scripture? The Fellows look at common questions about civil behavior that Christians ask online. They also consider the idea of Christian behavior as a witness to their neighbor. Show Notes: Support 1517 Podcast Network 1517 Podcasts 1517 on Youtube 1517 Podcast Network on Apple Podcasts 1517 Events Schedule 1517 Academy - Free Theological Education What’s New from 1517: Celebrate 2,000 Episodes of Christian History Almanac! 2025 North West Arkansas Regional Conference: Psalms of David (4/25-4/26) The Impossible Prize: A Theology of Addiction by Donavan Riley Ditching the Checklist by Mark Mattes Broken Bonds: A Novel of the Reformation, Book 1 of 2 by Amy Mantravadi More from the hosts: Caleb Keith Scott Keith Adam Francisco Bruce Hilman

Mar 28, 2025 • 51min
Let's Talk About Infant Baptism
This discussion tackles common objections to infant baptism in American Christianity. Delving into original sin, the speakers challenge modern ideas of accountability and reaffirm traditional doctrine. They unpack the significance of baptism and faith, emphasizing children's innate trust and their early belief systems. With insights from a neurosurgeon, it explores the bond between mind and soul, while also presenting a compelling theological case for including children in the sacrament. The conversation closes by considering the emotional aspects of these beliefs.

Mar 17, 2025 • 55min
Can You Make The Gospel Relevant?
In this episode of the Thinking Fellows podcast, Caleb Keith, Adam Francisco, Bruce Hillman, and Scott Keith discuss the relevance of the gospel in contemporary society. The conversation delves into the roles of law and gospel, cultural contextualization, and the challenges faced by churches in effectively communicating the gospel message. The Fellows emphasize that while the gospel itself cannot be changed. They also discuss the potential roadblocks that can hinder understanding, the importance of context in evangelism, and the dangers of conflating the gospel with law. Show Notes: Support 1517 Podcast Network 1517 Podcasts 1517 on Youtube 1517 Podcast Network on Apple Podcasts 1517 Events Schedule 1517 Academy - Free Theological Education What’s New from 1517: The Impossible Prize: A Theology of Addiction by Donavan Riley Ditching the Checklist by Mark Mattes Broken Bonds: A Novel of the Reformation, Book 1 of 2 by Amy Mantravadi More from the hosts: Caleb Keith Scott Keith Adam Francisco Bruce Hilman

Mar 11, 2025 • 53min
Hypocrisy or Consistency? The Church and Sexual Sins
In this episode of The Thinking Fellows, the hosts take on a challenging question: Are Christians hypocritical when it comes to sexual sins? This discussion is often raised in conversations about LGBTQ issues and the Church’s stance on morality. The Fellows explore how the Sixth Commandment applies to all sexual sins and emphasize that the Church’s teaching should be consistent—preaching repentance and forgiveness for every violation, not just the culturally controversial ones. They also push back on the common accusation that churches are obsessed with homosexuality, pointing out that society, not the Church, is hyper-fixated on the issue. Show Notes: Support 1517 Podcast Network 1517 Podcasts 1517 on Youtube 1517 Podcast Network on Apple Podcasts 1517 Events Schedule 1517 Academy - Free Theological Education What’s New from 1517: The Impossible Prize: A Theology of Addiction by Donavan Riley Ditching the Checklist by Mark Mattes Broken Bonds: A Novel of the Reformation, Book 1 of 2 by Amy Mantravadi More from the hosts: Caleb Keith Scott Keith Adam Francisco Bruce Hilman