The Poor Prole’s Almanac

This episode of "The Poor Proles Almanac" takes listeners on a captivating journey through the history of cannabis, from its ancient origins as a medicinal and spiritual plant to its demonization and criminalization in modern America. Hosts Andy and Nash, joined by guest Matt, weave a narrative that highlights the cultural, religious, and political forces that have shaped our relationship with this versatile plant. Cannabis in the Ancient World: Medicine, Spirituality, and Everyday Life: The episode begins by dispelling the misconception that cannabis use is a recent phenomenon. Archaeological evidence suggests that humanity has cultivated marijuana for at least 10,000 years, initially as a source of hemp fiber for textiles and rope. Its medicinal applications emerged later, with the earliest recorded use attributed to the legendary Chinese emperor and deity, Shennong, around 2700 BCE. Shennong, revered as the "Father of Farming," is credited with introducing various agricultural practices, including the use of plants for medicinal purposes. He believed that cannabis could effectively treat a wide range of ailments, from gout and malaria to rheumatism. His insights are documented in the ancient Chinese text, "The Divine Farmer's Herb-Root Classic," a testament to the long-standing tradition of cannabis as a healing plant in Chinese culture. The episode emphasizes that ancient cannabis use extended beyond mere medicinal applications. It played a significant role in spiritual and religious practices, particularly in ancient Asia. Evidence suggests that cannabis was used in burial rituals and shamanic ceremonies, highlighting its perceived connection to the divine and the afterlife. Cannabis on the Move: Spreading Along the Silk Road: From its origins in China and India, cannabis spread westward along the Silk Road, reaching Mesopotamia, Egypt, and eventually Europe. As it traveled, it was integrated into diverse cultures and adopted for various purposes. In India, cannabis became associated with the Hindu god Shiva, often referred to as the "Lord of the Bong," reflecting its continued role in spiritual practices. The Scythians, a nomadic people who roamed the Eurasian steppes, also embraced cannabis, using it for both medicinal and recreational purposes. The ancient Greek historian Herodotus documented their practice of throwing hemp onto hot stones in saunas to create a steam bath infused with cannabis. The Shift in America: From Cash Crop to Demonized Drug: The episode then traces the trajectory of cannabis in America, noting its initial arrival with European colonists in the 17th century. Primarily used as a source of hemp fiber, it became a valuable cash crop for producing rope, clothing, and paper. Even the Founding Fathers cultivated cannabis, demonstrating its widespread acceptance and economic importance during this period. However, the perception of cannabis began to shift in the mid-19th century, influenced by the introduction of its medicinal properties to the West by Irish doctor William Brooke O'Shaughnessy. This newfound medical interest coincided with the growing popularity of smoking cannabis recreationally among marginalized communities, particularly jazz musicians and Mexican immigrant workers. The episode argues that this association of cannabis with minority groups fueled a racist campaign to demonize the drug and associate it with crime and social unrest. The term "marijuana," derived from the Spanish word for the plant, was intentionally adopted to distance it from its medicinal uses and emphasize its perceived foreign and dangerous nature. The Rise of Prohibition and the War on Drugs: The demonization of cannabis culminated in the passage of the Marijuana Tax Act of 1937, effectively outlawing its sale and use throughout America. This legislation, spearheaded by Harry Anslinger, the head of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics, was fueled by racist propaganda and unfounded claims about the drug's purported dangers. The episode highlights the role of the infamous propaganda film "Reefer Madness" (1936) in solidifying the public's perception of cannabis as a gateway to insanity, violence, and social decay. This film, riddled with exaggerated claims and blatant fear-mongering, became a powerful tool in Anslinger's campaign to demonize cannabis and justify its prohibition. The episode then fast-forwards to the 1970s, when President Richard Nixon declared a "War on Drugs," further intensifying the criminalization of cannabis. This policy, rooted in political motivations and a desire to target anti-war protesters, led to the classification of marijuana as a Schedule I narcotic, placing it alongside heroin and LSD. The Legacy of Prohibition: Mass Incarceration and a Thriving Black Market: The episode explores the devastating consequences of cannabis prohibition, particularly its disproportionate impact on Black and Hispanic communities. The "zero tolerance" policies of the Reagan era led to a surge in arrests and incarcerations for non-violent drug offenses, fueling the growth of the prison industrial complex and perpetuating systemic racial injustices. The episode also discusses the unintended consequence of prohibition: the creation of a thriving black market. The criminalization of cannabis did not eradicate its use but rather pushed it underground, empowering criminal organizations and generating billions of dollars in untaxed revenue. A Shifting Tide: Towards Decriminalization and Legalization: The episode concludes with a hopeful note, acknowledging the growing movement to decriminalize and legalize cannabis across the United States. As of 2020, over half of the states have either decriminalized or fully legalized marijuana, reflecting a gradual shift in public perception and a recognition of the failures of prohibition. Despite these advances, cannabis remains federally illegal, creating a complex legal landscape and hindering the development of a regulated and equitable industry. The episode highlights the challenges faced by businesses operating in this legal gray area, particularly the difficulties in accessing banking services and securing insurance. The episode ends with a call for continued reform, emphasizing the need to address the legacy of racial injustice stemming from the War on Drugs and to create a fair and equitable system that benefits all members of society. It leaves listeners with a deeper understanding of the complex history of cannabis, prompting reflection on the societal and political forces that have shaped our relationship with this plant and the ongoing need to challenge outdated policies and prejudices. To get more content from Nash, follow her on social media at @itsnashflynn, and look out for her book coming out at www.breadandrosespress.com in 2025! For sources, transcripts, and to read more about this subject, visit: www.agroecologies.org To support this podcast, join our patreon for early, commercial-free episode access at https://www.patreon.com/poorprolesalmanac For PPA Restoration Content, visit: www.restorationagroecology.com For PPA Merch, visit: www.poorproles.com For PPA Native Plants, visit: www.nativenurseries.org To hear Tomorrow, Today, our sister podcast, visit: www.tomorrowtodaypodcast.org/

This episode of "The Poor Proles Almanac" features a conversation with Kristen and Shar from AK Press, an anarchist worker-run publishing and distribution collective. The discussion focuses on how AK Press operates as a non-hierarchical collective, the challenges of existing as an anarchist business within a capitalist system, and AK Press's unique role in promoting radical thought and literature. AK Press: A Collectively Run Publishing House Kristen, a publicist in the publishing department, and Shar, a worker in the distribution department, explain that AK Press is a collectively run and non-hierarchical organization. This means that all members are self-identified anarchists, receive equal pay, and participate in decision-making. All books published by AK Press are chosen through collective discussion and voting, even those on topics or by authors that may not be familiar to the collective. This process involves reading manuscripts, assigning readers, discussing submissions, and engaging in open communication about the work and the direction of the publishing program. Kristen highlights the values that guide AK Press's publishing program, including abolition, Black anarchism, Indigenous anarchism, trans and queer insurrection, mutual aid, transformative justice, and labor organizing. She emphasizes that these values drive the selection of books that not only educate but also challenge readers and potentially "open the minds of people who are not familiar with anarchism". Shar discusses the significance of AK Press's distribution department, which carries thousands of books from smaller presses. This allows AK Press to provide a platform for these smaller publishers and offer a wider variety of radical literature to its readers. Shar emphasizes the value of making these books accessible to people who might not otherwise find them, particularly during times when access to physical bookstores is limited, such as during the COVID-19 pandemic. Living Anarchist Ideals in a Capitalist System The conversation explores the challenges of living anarchist ideals within a system that inherently contradicts those ideals. The participants acknowledge the inherent contradictions of operating an anarchist business within a capitalist framework. They note that the materials used to produce and distribute their books, such as paper, packaging, and computers, are all products of exploitative labor within the capitalist economy. Despite these contradictions, Kristen and Shar emphasize that AK Press remains committed to its political project of promoting anarchist thought and working towards a more just and equitable world. They believe that the collective decision-making process, shared values, and trust among members are essential for navigating these challenges and maintaining their commitment to their political project. Kristen and Shar argue that the collective work structure at AK Press is more fulfilling and empowering than traditional hierarchical work environments. They describe a sense of shared responsibility and ownership over their work, highlighting the satisfaction that comes from seeing their efforts directly contribute to the success of the collective and the advancement of their political project. They contrast this with the alienation and lack of agency often experienced in traditional workplaces where employees are expected to simply follow orders from superiors. The Impact of the "Post-Truth" Era The discussion also touches upon the unique opportunities presented by the so-called "post-truth" era, characterized by widespread distrust of traditional media and institutions. The participants suggest that this distrust has created a space for alternative viewpoints and sources of information, including radical media like AK Press. They argue that AK Press's long-standing reputation for publishing high-quality radical literature has become even more valuable in a world where information is constantly being questioned and challenged. Kristen and Shar believe that the "post-truth" era has led to an increased interest in alternative perspectives and a willingness to engage with radical ideas. They see this as a positive development, as it allows AK Press to reach a wider audience and potentially influence more people to think critically about the world around them. They also highlight the importance of AK Press continuing to publish and distribute radical literature that can provide tools and knowledge for people seeking alternatives to the dominant narratives and systems of power. Looking Towards the Future Looking towards the future, Kristen and Shar express optimism about the growth of AK Press and the increasing visibility of radical media. They believe that the demand for alternative viewpoints will continue to grow, creating new opportunities for AK Press to reach a wider audience and influence the broader social and political landscape. They emphasize the importance of AK Press remaining responsive to the needs of its community and continuing to publish books that provide valuable insights and tools for social change. Shar highlights the importance of AK Press's "Black Dawn" speculative fiction series as a way to engage with radical ideas through imaginative storytelling. This series, which includes titles like "A Country of Ghosts" by Margaret Killjoy and "Grievers" by adrienne maree brown, explores the possibilities of anarchist societies and provides a different entry point for those who might be intimidated by traditional theoretical texts. Kristen and Shar conclude by discussing AK Press's "Friends of AK" program, a subscription service that provides members with monthly books, discounts, and the option to sponsor books for incarcerated individuals. They also recommend several books that they are particularly excited about, including "After the Revolution" by Robert Evans, "A Profession Without Reason" by Bruce E. Levine, "Overcoming Capitalism" by Tom Wetzel, "Release Weight of Our Stars" by Octavia Alvarez, and "A Country of Ghosts" by Margaret Killjoy. AK Press is one of the oldest worker run, collectively managed publishers and distributors in the US. To order books from them, visit www.akpress.org and find them across social medias! For sources, transcripts, and to read more about this subject, visit: www.agroecologies.org To support this podcast, join our patreon for early, commercial-free episode access at https://www.patreon.com/poorprolesalmanac For PPA Restoration Content, visit: www.restorationagroecology.com For PPA Merch, visit: www.poorproles.com For PPA Native Plants, visit: www.nativenurseries.org To hear Tomorrow, Today, our sister podcast, visit: www.tomorrowtodaypodcast.org/

This episode of "The Poor Proles Almanac" features a conversation with Garrison Davis, a writer and podcaster from Cool Zone Media, a left-leaning media collective. They discuss the challenges of creating anarchist media within a capitalist framework, strategies for reaching a wider audience, and Cool Zone Media's vision for the future. Cool Zone Media: An Anti-Collapse Collective Garrison introduces Cool Zone Media as a collective of individuals working on projects related to societal collapse and potential responses to it. He clarifies that they use "collapse" as a marketing term and are more focused on exploring solutions and fostering a sense of agency in the face of societal challenges. He emphasizes that Cool Zone Media's content aims to offer alternatives to the "doomer" mentality that often accompanies discussions of collapse, encouraging individuals to see opportunities for social change amidst the unraveling. Navigating the Media Ecosystem The conversation explores Cool Zone Media's position within the larger media ecosystem. Garrison describes their work as a "fifth estate," existing outside of mainstream media but close enough to potentially draw in audiences accustomed to more traditional outlets. They acknowledge the challenge of balancing their radical politics with the need to reach a wider audience, recognizing that creating media solely for anarchists would limit their impact and financial sustainability. The Financial Realities of Anarchist Media Production The episode addresses the financial realities of producing anarchist media within a capitalist system. Garrison explains that Cool Zone Media accepts funding from corporations, viewing it as a way to support their team and create content critical of capitalism. They argue that taking money from corporations to produce anti-capitalist media is a "scam" they are comfortable with, especially given the limited financial viability of relying solely on support from other individuals with limited resources. They acknowledge the inherent contradictions of this approach but ultimately embrace the absurdity of the situation. Strategies for Expanding Reach and Impact Garrison outlines Cool Zone Media's approach to expanding their reach and impact. They aim to introduce radical ideas to a wider audience by connecting with popular culture and current events. They also emphasize the importance of making their content freely accessible, avoiding paywalls or subscriptions that could limit their audience. Cool Zone Media also seeks to support other creators with aligned political perspectives by offering them opportunities to contribute to their projects and receive compensation for their work. Looking to the Future Looking towards the future, Garrison expresses a desire to expand Cool Zone Media beyond podcasts into other mediums like documentary filmmaking. They acknowledge the financial constraints of pursuing these ambitions while also emphasizing their commitment to constantly creating new content and seeking out new collaborators. Garrison concludes by expressing optimism about the growing visibility of radical media and its potential to break into the mainstream in the coming years. To check out Cool Zone Media, visit them on social media at @CoolZoneMedia Support this podcast by becoming a Patron at: https://www.patreon.com/PoorProlesAlmanac For sources, transcripts, and to read more about this subject, visit: www.agroecologies.org To support this podcast, join our patreon for early, commercial-free episode access at https://www.patreon.com/poorprolesalmanac For PPA Restoration Content, visit: www.restorationagroecology.com For PPA Merch, visit: www.poorproles.com For PPA Native Plants, visit: www.nativenurseries.org To hear Tomorrow, Today, our sister podcast, visit: www.tomorrowtodaypodcast.org/

This episode of "The Poor Proles Almanac" features a conversation with members of the anarchist media collective "It's Going Down" (IGD). They discuss the evolution of anarchist media, the challenges of operating in a digital landscape dominated by social media, and the importance of grounding media projects in real-world action and community building. Reflecting on a Decade of Anarchist Media The conversation begins by tracing the origins of IGD back to the insurrectionist anarchist movement that gained prominence around a decade prior to the recording of the episode. The participants note that IGD emerged from a community of individuals who were actively involved in both direct action and media production, fostering a strong connection between the platform and the broader anarchist movement. They contrast this with other anarchist media models, such as open submission platforms where content is less curated or publications with a more static editorial process, highlighting IGD's unique position within the anarchist media ecosystem. The Pitfalls of Social Media-First Organizing A key theme of the discussion is the limitations of social media as a primary tool for organizing and building movements. The participants argue that social media can foster a sense of detachment and abstraction, leading to conversations that are more focused on theoretical debates and online identities than on concrete action and real-world relationships. They point to the proliferation of short-lived, social media-driven initiatives that often lack the depth and sustained engagement necessary for meaningful change. The conversation critiques the tendency to prioritize the "aesthetics of the result" over the often tedious and unglamorous work of building relationships, organizing logistics, and engaging in sustained struggle. The participants emphasize that relying solely on social media to mobilize people for actions without the groundwork of community building and long-term organizing often leads to fleeting bursts of activity that dissipate quickly. They argue that the current generation of activists is confronting the limits of social media organizing, particularly in the wake of the George Floyd rebellion and the subsequent decline in street protests. The Value of Localism and Grounded Action The participants advocate for a shift away from social media-centric approaches towards a model that prioritizes localism, grounded action, and the cultivation of meaningful relationships outside of the digital realm. They highlight the importance of regional counter-information sites and media projects that are deeply embedded within specific communities, serving as hubs for information sharing, analysis, and the development of local strategies. They suggest that these localized initiatives can provide the necessary context and material grounding for conversations about tactics, strategies, and political analysis, allowing for a more nuanced and effective approach to organizing. They also stress the importance of face-to-face interaction and offline relationship building, emphasizing that these connections form the bedrock of resilient and sustainable movements. Building a Left Media Ecosystem: Beyond Social Media The discussion then turns to the broader question of building a left media ecosystem that can effectively challenge the dominance of corporate media and reach wider audiences. The participants explore various strategies, such as breaking into mainstream media outlets, utilizing radio and alternative streaming platforms, and creating content that resonates with audiences who are disillusioned with both corporate media and the existing political establishment. They acknowledge the challenges of competing with well-funded right-wing media networks that have mastered the art of manipulating algorithms and exploiting online platforms. However, they also highlight the unique strengths of radical media, particularly its ability to take uncompromising positions and speak truth to power without the constraints of corporate interests or the need to appease advertisers. The Importance of Strategy and Sustainability The participants emphasize the importance of approaching media projects with a clear strategic vision and a commitment to sustainability. They advise aspiring media creators to carefully consider their goals, their target audience, and the resources available to them before embarking on a new project. They encourage collaboration with existing initiatives and emphasize the need to focus efforts on projects that genuinely contribute to the broader strategic goals of the movement. They also stress the need to develop independent infrastructure, such as self-hosted websites and servers, to avoid reliance on corporate platforms that can censor or de-platform radical content. They advocate for building capacity from the beginning, ensuring that projects can scale and adapt to changing circumstances without compromising their principles or their independence. Embracing Multiplicity and Rejecting Absolutism The conversation concludes with a reflection on the importance of embracing multiplicity and rejecting the search for absolute truths in both media projects and political organizing. The participants argue that the inherent diversity of perspectives and experiences within anarchist and leftist movements is a strength, not a weakness, and that the ability to engage with difference and navigate complexity is essential for building effective and resilient movements. They caution against the pitfalls of social media discourse, which often encourages rigid thinking and a tendency towards absolutism, and instead advocate for a more fluid and adaptable approach that is grounded in the realities of local contexts and the ever-changing dynamics of social struggle. They emphasize that the goal is not to find a single, universal truth, but rather to create spaces for dialogue, experimentation, and the constant evolution of ideas and strategies. The episode provides a nuanced and insightful perspective on the challenges and opportunities of building anarchist media in the age of social media. The conversation moves beyond simple critiques of online platforms and offers concrete suggestions for developing sustainable, impactful media projects that are grounded in real-world action, community building, and a commitment to embracing the multiplicity of perspectives within the broader anarchist movement. You can find them on social media at @Itsgoingdown and their website is www.itsgoingdown.org For sources, transcripts, and to read more about this subject, visit: www.agroecologies.org To support this podcast, join our patreon for early, commercial-free episode access at https://www.patreon.com/poorprolesalmanac For PPA Restoration Content, visit: www.restorationagroecology.com For PPA Merch, visit: www.poorproles.com For PPA Native Plants, visit: www.nativenurseries.org To hear Tomorrow, Today, our sister podcast, visit: www.tomorrowtodaypodcast.org/  

This episode of "The Poor Proles Almanac" features a conversation with Charles McBryde, an organizer living in Ukraine and working to provide medical care and resources to civilians affected by the ongoing war. The discussion explores the realities of war, the challenges of providing aid in a conflict zone, and the complex political and social dynamics at play in Ukraine. Beyond the Headlines: Addressing Secondary and Tertiary Effects of War McBryde highlights the often overlooked secondary and tertiary effects of war, focusing on the plight of individuals with chronic illnesses and cancer patients who have lost access to vital medications and treatments. He details his work in collecting donated oncology treatments from Europe and shipping them to besieged cities like Kharkiv, emphasizing the crucial need for insulin, thyroid medication, asthma inhalers, and other essential medical supplies. The conversation underscores the broader impact of the conflict on the lives of ordinary people, including food shortages, disrupted supply chains, and the displacement of millions. McBryde describes the situation as the "largest humanitarian crisis that has happened this quickly since the second world war," noting that over 10 million people are internally displaced within Ukraine, with millions more anticipated to become refugees. This rapid displacement, he explains, stands in stark contrast to the Syrian conflict, which took several years to produce a similar number of refugees. Western Aid and the Question of Equity While acknowledging the generosity of Western nations and the outpouring of support for Ukraine, McBryde raises the issue of equity in humanitarian aid distribution. He points out the stark difference in the level of international mobilization compared to conflicts in Yemen or Syria, suggesting that geographical proximity and cultural kinship play a role in shaping Western responses to humanitarian crises. He also critiques the tendency to deflect from the Ukrainian crisis by invoking other conflicts, arguing that each situation deserves individual attention and support. Navigating Propaganda and Disinformation McBryde and the host, Andy, discuss the challenges of discerning truth from propaganda in the context of the war, acknowledging the pervasiveness of disinformation from both Russian and Western sources. They express concern about the effectiveness of Russian propaganda, particularly its ability to exploit pre-existing discontent among certain segments of the left and right in Western nations. They also lament the left's response to the conflict, criticizing those who have uncritically embraced Russian narratives or downplayed the suffering of Ukrainians. The Evolving Ukrainian Identity and the Role of Nationalism McBryde describes his evolving understanding of Ukrainian identity and nationalism, acknowledging the flaws of Ukraine as a democracy while also recognizing the genuine desire for self-determination among its people. He notes that the conflict has fostered a sense of unity and solidarity among Ukrainians from diverse regions and linguistic backgrounds, setting aside historical divisions and prejudices. This newfound unity, he suggests, is rooted in a shared resistance to Russian aggression and a desire to break free from the legacy of Soviet domination. The Blurring of Ideological Lines in Wartime McBryde reflects on the complexities of war and its impact on individual beliefs and allegiances. He shares his personal struggle with grappling with the presence of far-right groups like the Azov Battalion within the Ukrainian resistance, admitting that he now finds himself hoping for their survival despite his previous opposition to their ideology. He attributes this shift to witnessing the shared sacrifices and camaraderie among Ukrainian fighters, regardless of their political affiliations. McBryde describes the war as a "death of ideology," where pragmatism and survival often override pre-existing beliefs. He cites examples of anarchists fighting alongside members of the Azov Battalion and Jewish individuals finding themselves embedded with the same group due to the exigencies of the conflict. These unexpected alliances, he suggests, highlight the fluid and often unpredictable nature of war, where traditional ideological boundaries can become blurred. The Lasting Impact of War and the Specter of Future Conflicts McBryde concludes by emphasizing the profound and often messy consequences of war, both on individuals and societies. He warns that the conflict will have a lasting impact on Ukraine, leaving behind a legacy of trauma, division, and potentially, the glorification of groups like the Azov Battalion. He also draws parallels between the Ukrainian conflict and the situation in Rojava, highlighting the complexities of navigating alliances with powerful actors like the United States, even when those actors are pursuing their own interests. McBryde expresses concern that the rise of resource wars and conflicts driven by climate change will present further challenges to the left, forcing individuals to confront difficult choices and grapple with the nuances of complex geopolitical realities. The episode offers a firsthand perspective on the human cost of war and the challenges of providing aid in a conflict zone. McBryde's personal reflections provide a nuanced and thought-provoking exploration of the ethical dilemmas and the blurring of ideological lines that often accompany wartime. The conversation also raises important questions about the future of conflict in a world increasingly shaped by climate change and resource scarcity. To support Charles's work getting medical supplies to citizens in need, visit: https://missionkharkiv.com/ For Charles's social medias, find him @CharlesMcBryde For sources, transcripts, and to read more about this subject, visit: www.agroecologies.org To support this podcast, join our patreon for early, commercial-free episode access at https://www.patreon.com/poorprolesalmanac For PPA Restoration Content, visit: www.restorationagroecology.com For PPA Merch, visit: www.poorproles.com For PPA Native Plants, visit: www.nativenurseries.org To hear Tomorrow, Today, our sister podcast, visit: www.tomorrowtodaypodcast.org/

This episode of "The Poor Proles Almanac" features a conversation with Naomi Burton, co-founder of Means TV, a worker-owned, anti-capitalist streaming service. The episode explores the origins of Means TV, its operational model, content creation strategies, and its role in building a left media ecosystem. From Disillusionment to Action: Naomi Burton shares her personal journey of disillusionment with her work in the corporate world, specifically in PR and social media strategy for General Motors, while simultaneously experiencing a political awakening towards communism. This growing disconnect between her labor and her values, coupled with the realization that she and her partner, a freelance film producer for GM, possessed the "means of production" within the company, sparked the idea of leveraging their skills for a purpose aligned with their politics. This led to the creation of "Means of Production," a worker-owned production company that initially created ads for local unions, immigration groups, and socialist political candidates. The success of their ad for Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez brought them national attention and highlighted the effectiveness of their approach, which they attribute to their genuine belief in the messages they were conveying, unlike the "propaganda" they felt they had been creating for corporations. The Birth of Means TV: Building upon their experiences and growing audience, Burton and her partner conceived the idea of a "workaround" streaming service, free from corporate influence and advertising, funded by subscribers, and owned by the workers. They envisioned a platform where entertainment, inherently political, would reflect the perspectives and values of working people rather than perpetuating the status quo. They launched a fundraising campaign, utilizing their existing social media presence, and successfully raised over $200,000. This funding enabled them to build the platform, license content, and begin producing original programming, including a news show, a sports show, and a video game show. Growth and Evolution: Two years after its launch, Means TV boasts a worker cooperative of 70 members and thousands of subscribers. The platform has expanded its original programming, transitioning the news show from a weekly to a daily format and creating unique series like "Seize the Memes" and "Preserving Worlds." The episode discusses the diverse nature of content on Means TV, ranging from feature-length documentaries and movies to shorter, more informal content from YouTube creators who align with the platform's anti-capitalist values. The platform offers a space for creators whose content may be deemed controversial or unsuitable for mainstream platforms like YouTube, ensuring that it remains ad-free and accessible to viewers. Challenging Traditional Media Models: Burton highlights the differences between Means TV and traditional streaming services, particularly regarding the lack of rigid structures and the reliance on viewer feedback to shape content creation. This organic approach allows for flexibility and experimentation with formats, catering to a younger audience accustomed to consuming media through platforms like YouTube and TikTok. The absence of advertising and corporate influence allows viewers to engage with the content without skepticism or the feeling of being manipulated. This, Burton argues, fosters a sense of trust and authenticity that is often lacking in mainstream media. Building a Left Media Ecosystem: The episode explores the broader vision of Means TV as part of a growing left media ecosystem, seeking to provide alternative perspectives and challenge the dominance of corporate-controlled media. Burton emphasizes that while all content on Means TV is anti-capitalist, it encompasses a range of viewpoints within that framework, from democratic socialists to communists and anarchists. She expresses hope that Means TV can serve as a "gateway drug" for viewers, exposing them to diverse left-leaning perspectives and potentially shifting their understanding of societal issues. Burton acknowledges the challenges of competing with well-funded, mainstream media outlets but emphasizes that Means TV's focus is on building a sustainable cooperative model that prioritizes fair wages and creative freedom for its workers. She sees collaboration with other like-minded media organizations, such as The Gravel Institute, as crucial to building a robust and impactful left media landscape. The Power of Cooperation: The episode concludes with a discussion about the challenges and rewards of building a worker cooperative in a capitalist system. Burton stresses the importance of finding like-minded individuals, starting small, and learning through experience. She emphasizes that the act of building a cooperative, regardless of the specific industry, is inherently revolutionary and offers a viable alternative to traditional hierarchical business models. To check out MeansTV, visit them on social media or subscribe at https://means.tv For sources, transcripts, and to read more about this subject, visit: www.agroecologies.org To support this podcast, join our patreon for early, commercial-free episode access at https://www.patreon.com/poorprolesalmanac For PPA Restoration Content, visit: www.restorationagroecology.com For PPA Merch, visit: www.poorproles.com For PPA Native Plants, visit: www.nativenurseries.org To hear Tomorrow, Today, our sister podcast, visit: www.tomorrowtodaypodcast.org/

We chat with Dr. Anabel Ford, an American archaeologist specializing in the study of Mesoamerica, with a focus on the lowland Maya of Belize and Guatemala. She is recognized for her discovery of the ancient Maya city El Pilar. We chat about the role of the modern Milpa in contemporary society and the future they hold. We are also joined by Torres Master (Forest Gardener), Amor Obando (Master Forest Horticulturalist), Cynthia Ellis Topsey (Community Outreach Activist), and. Norden Martinez (Urban Forest Gardener).   To see and support Dr. Ford's work, please visit: https://exploringsolutionspast.org/   To buy Dr. Ford's book "The Maya Forest Garden: Eight Millennia of Sustainable Cultivation of the Tropical Woodlands" visit: https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/maya-forest-garden-anabel-ford/1120805401   Support this podcast by becoming a Patron at: https://www.patreon.com/PoorProlesAlmanac        

This episode expands upon the previous discussion of the Maya milpa system, focusing on the intricate relationships between humans, plants, and animals within this dynamic agroforestry practice. The hosts, Andy and Elliott, go beyond simply describing the system, highlighting the ecological and cultural wisdom embedded within it and exploring how it provides a model for sustainable living. Beyond Basic Needs: The Akawal as a Managed Wildlife Area: The episode emphasizes that the akawal, the successional stage following the active milpa cultivation period, plays a vital role beyond simply providing supplemental food and materials. It functions as a carefully managed wildlife area, attracting a diverse array of animals due to its abundance of food sources not readily found in the primary forest. This intentional attraction of wildlife creates a "semi-wild" population of animals that are more readily available for hunting, providing the Lacandon with a critical source of protein and fat. The hosts underscore the nutritional importance of this arrangement, explaining that while fruit trees in the akawal provide valuable sugars and fiber, the primary drivers of human diets are protein and fat. Wild game offers these essential nutrients, creating a beneficial exchange where excess fruit from the akawal sustains animal populations that in turn provide the Lacandon with crucial dietary components. This strategy is particularly vital considering that corn, a staple crop in the milpa, while enhanced in protein quality when prepared as tortillas and supplemented with beans, remains deficient in certain amino acids. Beyond the Milpa: The Importance of Primary Forest and Aquatic Resources: The episode highlights the significance of primary forest beyond the milpa and akawal zones. While these unmanaged forests require no direct labor from the Lacandon, they harbor valuable resources such as fruits, timber, nuts, and resins. The hosts speculate on the possibility that the Lacandon, through generations of selective harvesting and management practices, have influenced the composition of these forests, subtly shaping them to favor the growth of desirable species. The episode also touches upon the importance of aquatic environments in the Lacandon's subsistence system. These areas, enriched by nutrients leached from the forests and agricultural lands, provide essential protein-rich food sources, including fish, birds, reptiles, mollusks, and turtles. Beyond direct consumption, the hosts describe the Lacandon's use of river snail shells, burned and slated, in the preparation of corn tortillas. This practice not only enhances the digestibility of the corn but also introduces crucial calcium and trace minerals into their diet. The Pet Kot System: Adapting to Challenging Environments: The episode introduces the pet kot, a unique form of woodland modification practiced by the Lacandon in response to challenging environmental conditions. This technique involves creating raised areas within fields by accumulating stones, forming micro-environments that support tall stands of managed trees. These protected ecosystems, often contrasting starkly with the surrounding lower vegetation, provide shade, wind breaks, and enhanced moisture retention, crucial in arid zones where inconsistent rainfall can significantly impact crop yields. The pet kot serves as a testament to the Lacandon's ingenuity and ability to adapt their practices to specific ecological challenges. Volcanic Insights: A Glimpse into Past Practices: The episode points to the volcanic eruption that engulfed the village of Joya de Cerén in El Salvador around 600 AD as a valuable window into past milpa practices. The ashfall preserved the community, revealing extensive fields of corn and cassava, confirming the long-standing importance of these crops in the milpa system. The preservation of home gardens at Joya de Cerén also provides insight into plant placement strategies, with water-sensitive species like peppers and tomatoes clustered near dwellings. Resilience and Adaptation: The Enduring Legacy of the Milpa: The episode concludes by emphasizing the resilience of the milpa system and the Lacandon people, despite centuries of displacement and pressure from external forces. The hosts stress the importance of respecting and learning from the Lacandon's traditional ecological knowledge, recognizing the insights it offers for creating sustainable food systems that nourish both people and the planet. The episode ends with a call for greater awareness and appreciation of the complexities and wisdom embedded within indigenous land management practices like the milpa system. It underscores the need to move beyond simplistic views of these systems, recognizing their dynamic nature and the constant adaptation they require in response to changing environmental and social conditions. For sources, transcripts, and to read more about this subject, visit: www.agroecologies.org To support this podcast, join our patreon for early, commercial-free episode access at https://www.patreon.com/poorprolesalmanac For PPA Restoration Content, visit: www.restorationagroecology.com For PPA Merch, visit: www.poorproles.com For PPA Native Plants, visit: www.nativenurseries.org To hear Tomorrow, Today, our sister podcast, visit: www.tomorrowtodaypodcast.org/

This episode of "The Poor Proles Almanac" focuses on the milpa system, a sophisticated agroforestry practice developed by the Lacandon Maya people of eastern Chiapas, Mexico. Hosts Andy and Elliott explore the intricacies of this system, highlighting its resilience, biodiversity, and the profound connection it fosters between humans and the natural world. The episode traces the evolution of the milpa in response to climatic shifts over thousands of years, emphasizing its adaptability and the insights it offers for sustainable land management in the face of ongoing environmental change. A Landscape Shaped by Climate and Human Interaction: The episode begins by setting the stage for understanding the milpa system within its environmental and historical context. The hosts explain how the tropical rainforests of Central America are a relatively recent phenomenon, emerging over the past 10,000 years as the climate shifted from a drier, temperate state to a wetter, warmer one. This transition, influenced by both natural forces and human activities, particularly the introduction of fire and plant domestication, led to the development of diverse ecosystems and the emergence of sophisticated land management practices. The hosts highlight the significant variation in rainfall across the Maya region, with precipitation ranging from a mere 20 inches in the northwest Yucatan Peninsula to a staggering 160 inches in the southern reaches. This diversity of conditions, coupled with distinct wet and dry seasons, creates a complex mosaic of habitats, with wetlands comprising a substantial portion of the landscape. The Milpa: A Symphony of Diversity and Succession: The episode then introduces the milpa itself, describing it as a polyculture field—a tapestry of multiple plant species intentionally cultivated together. While maize reigns supreme in the milpa, as many as 20 to 30 additional species, both planted and naturally regenerating, contribute to its richness. This diversity mimics the surrounding forest ecosystem and ensures a continuous supply of food, materials, and medicines throughout the year. Beyond the Milpa: Stages of Regeneration and Multi-Use Resources: The milpa is not a static entity but rather a dynamic component of a larger cycle of forest succession. After several years of cultivation, the milpa transitions into the akawal stage, characterized by shrubs and bushes. The akawal serves as a source of food, materials, and habitat for wildlife before eventually evolving into secondary forest. This cyclical process, carefully managed by the Lacandon, allows for continuous production while promoting soil regeneration and biodiversity. The episode emphasizes that the Lacandon prioritize clearing land within these regrowth areas rather than venturing into primary forest. This preference, rooted in both practicality and a deep respect for the ancient forests, demonstrates a conscious effort to minimize the impact on mature ecosystems while maximizing efficiency and yield. Clearing regrowth requires significantly less labor than tackling primary forest, further illustrating the practicality of this approach. Harnessing Fire as a Tool for Regeneration: The episode dives into the Lacandon’s masterful use of fire as a tool for land management. They employ a technique known as "wind tending," where specialists control the burn by working against prevailing winds, achieving a low-temperature, even burn that enriches the soil with charcoal and nutrients. This practice acknowledges the inherent nutrient limitations of rainforest soils and provides a critical boost for crop growth. The Spiritual Dimension of Land Stewardship: Importantly, the episode explores the spiritual underpinnings of the Lacandon’s relationship with the land. Their understanding of the natural world is deeply intertwined with their beliefs about morality and reciprocity. They recognize the interconnectedness of human actions and ecological consequences, and their practices reflect a profound respect for the spirits that inhabit the land and the importance of maintaining harmony within the community. Ceremony and the Soul of Maize: The episode highlights the crucial role of ceremony in the milpa cycle. Farmers conduct rituals of petition and thanksgiving, offering prayers and food before clearing, burning, and planting. These ceremonies acknowledge the spiritual dimension of agriculture and emphasize the concept of co-responsibility rather than domination over nature. The Lacandon believe that maize itself possesses a living spirit, the "soul of maize," which must be honored and respected to ensure a successful harvest. The Role of Indicator Species and the Rhythm of Nature: The Lacandon’s intimate knowledge of the forest extends to their use of indicator species to guide planting times. They observe the flowering patterns of specific trees in the surrounding primary forest, recognizing that these blooms signal optimal conditions for various crops. This reliance on natural cues rather than a rigid calendar reveals a deep understanding of ecological cycles and the ability to adapt to annual variations in weather patterns. Layered Tubers and the Efficient Use of Space: The episode culminates in a fascinating description of the Lacandon’s ingenious use of vertical space within the milpa. They cultivate multiple layers of root crops at varying depths, with taro and sweet potatoes occupying the upper layers, maniac deeper down, and yam tubers reaching even further into the earth. This technique optimizes the use of available space, water, and nutrients, showcasing a remarkable understanding of plant interactions and resource partitioning. Community, Collaboration, and Knowledge Sharing: The episode concludes by emphasizing the importance of community in maintaining the milpa system. Tasks like clearing, burning, and harvesting are traditionally carried out collaboratively, fostering a spirit of shared responsibility and knowledge transmission across generations. This communal approach contrasts with the individualistic model often associated with modern agriculture and underscores the social and ecological benefits of collective action. The episode leaves listeners with a profound appreciation for the sophistication and resilience of the milpa system. It serves as a powerful reminder that sustainable land management requires a deep understanding of ecological processes, a willingness to adapt to changing conditions, and a profound respect for the interconnectedness of human communities and the natural world. For sources, transcripts, and to read more about this subject, visit: www.agroecologies.org To support this podcast, join our patreon for early, commercial-free episode access at https://www.patreon.com/poorprolesalmanac For PPA Restoration Content, visit: www.restorationagroecology.com For PPA Merch, visit: www.poorproles.com For PPA Native Plants, visit: www.nativenurseries.org To hear Tomorrow, Today, our sister podcast, visit: www.tomorrowtodaypodcast.org/

This episode of "The Poor Proles Almanac" features a conversation between host Andy and Aaron Parker, a nurseryman and seed farmer from Edgewood Nursery. They discuss the concept of breeding and domesticating native plants, particularly focusing on their potential as food crops and their role in resilient ecosystems amidst climate change. Exploring the Potential of Underutilized Native Plants: The conversation begins by highlighting the wealth of native plants that offer potential as food sources but remain underutilized or even forgotten. Aaron emphasizes the intersection of perennial vegetables and native plants, noting that many species often cultivated solely for their ecological benefits could also contribute to meeting human food needs. He cites examples like ground nuts (Apios americana) and Illinois bundleflower (Desmanthus illinoisensis) as plants with promising qualities that have been subject to limited or abandoned breeding efforts. The Accessibility Challenge and the Role of Food Culture: The discussion then shifts to the challenge of making these less familiar native foods accessible to a wider audience. Andy acknowledges the need to move beyond simply promoting the historical presence of these plants in the landscape and instead find ways to integrate them into contemporary food culture. Aaron suggests that highlighting the harmony between human food production and ecological benefit could be a compelling approach. He uses common milkweed (Asclepius ceriaca), a plant valued for its role in supporting monarch butterflies, as an example of a species that also offers edible components at various stages. Engaging with innovative chefs and restaurants is also proposed as a way to introduce these novel ingredients and expand culinary possibilities. Backyard Breeding and the First Steps to Domestication: The episode emphasizes the accessibility of plant breeding for even the average backyard gardener. Aaron encourages listeners to cultivate native plants and observe their traits, selecting seeds from individuals that exhibit desirable characteristics, such as exceptional flavor or yield. He draws a parallel to childhood experiments with sunflowers, where selecting the largest seed heads each year leads to a gradual shift in the population's traits. This simple act of selection, repeated over generations, represents the fundamental principle of domestication. Balancing Selection Pressure and Genetic Diversity: Aaron shares his approach to breeding, noting that he prefers making less drastic selections to maintain a broader gene pool and avoid unintended consequences that can arise from pushing a population through a genetic bottleneck. He explains that observing plants over multiple years and in various environmental conditions is crucial, as a plant that thrives in one year might not perform as well under different conditions. The Evolving Relationship Between Humans and Plants: The conversation touches on the delicate balance between domestication and preserving the wild character of native plants. Aaron describes his practice of establishing diverse gene pools from locally sourced material, allowing him to observe and make decisions about whether to maintain the original genetics, select for specific traits, or pursue a split approach where both wild and domesticated populations are preserved. Climate Change and the Urgency of Adaptation: The episode underscores the impact of climate change on plant selection and breeding strategies. Aaron notes the need to consider plants' adaptability to increasingly warmer summers and less predictable winters. He shares his focus on species that can tolerate both extreme cold snaps and extended periods of high temperatures. The example of figs, a traditionally warmer-climate fruit, is discussed, with both Andy and Aaron sharing their experiences with pushing the boundaries of hardiness and exploring the potential for figs to thrive in colder regions in the future. Highlighting Specific Plants and Breeding Goals: Aaron delves into specific native plant species that hold particular interest for him, including: Pawpaws (Asimina triloba): He sees pawpaws as a promising tree crop for a future with hotter summers, noting their ability to withstand brief cold snaps while thriving in warm conditions. Appios (Apios americana): He acknowledges the existing recognition of appios' potential as a food crop and points to the historical evidence of its cultivation by Indigenous peoples. Hickories and Pecans (Carya spp.): He emphasizes the diversity within these nut-bearing trees and the evidence of past human selection, suggesting opportunities to rediscover and enhance desirable traits. Helianthus stromosus (Woodland Sunflower): He describes his experience with breeding this sunflower relative, showcasing the potential to select for more manageable tuber growth habits while maintaining its ecological benefits. The Vision of a Future with Native Food Crops: The episode concludes with a discussion of the long-term vision for integrating these native plants into the food system. While acknowledging the challenges, Aaron expresses optimism about the possibility of these crops becoming a meaningful part of people's diets. He emphasizes the resilience of many of these species and their potential role in creating a more sustainable and ecologically sound food production system. Andy draws a comparison to the craft beer movement, suggesting that connecting native foods to specific places and highlighting their unique connection to the local landscape could enhance their appeal and cultural significance. The Importance of Biodiversity and Specialist Relationships: The conversation concludes by emphasizing the ecological value of native plants, particularly their role in supporting specialized insect species that rely on these long-established relationships. Aaron highlights the contrast between native plants and more recently introduced species, noting that while the latter might provide nectar and pollen, they often lack the intricate co-evolutionary connections that underpin a healthy and resilient ecosystem. Climate Change as a Driver of Selection and Assisted Migration: The final segment addresses the accelerating pace of climate change and its implications for plant selection and management. Aaron acknowledges that certain boreal species currently present in his region might not be viable in the long term. However, he sees an opportunity to assist the migration of species from warmer regions, such as pawpaws and spicebush, that are likely to thrive as the climate shifts. He advocates for a broad approach to planting and observation, allowing natural selection to guide the process while also actively promoting species that show promise for adapting to the changing conditions. Check out Edgewood nursery at: https://edgewood-nursery.com/ Check out the Propaganda by the Seed podcast wherever you get your podcasts! For sources, transcripts, and to read more about this subject, visit: www.agroecologies.org To support this podcast, join our patreon for early, commercial-free episode access at https://www.patreon.com/poorprolesalmanac For PPA Restoration Content, visit: www.restorationagroecology.com For PPA Merch, visit: www.poorproles.com For PPA Native Plants, visit: www.nativenurseries.org To hear Tomorrow, Today, our sister podcast, visit: www.tomorrowtodaypodcast.org/