Past Present Future

Socrates' trial in 399 BCE opens a deep dive into the clash between philosophy and politics. Unpacking the motivations behind his late-life prosecution reveals more about Athenian society than about Socrates himself. The unique Athenian jury system contrasts with modern trials, raising questions about justice and public outrage. Socrates' defiance during his defense sparks a discussion on virtue in the face of authority and the complexities of political narratives. The trial not only shaped his legacy but also left an indelible mark on democratic ideals.

Dive into the riveting world of historical political trials, from Socrates to modern-day figures. Discover why even dictatorial regimes cling to legal formalities. Unpack the dramatic contrasts in the executions of Ceausescu and Saddam Hussein, revealing deeper truths about power and justice. Explore the performative aspects of trials that expose political vulnerabilities. Delve into the concept of 'lawfare' and how courtrooms serve as battlegrounds for legitimacy and authority in society.

Dani Rodrik, a leading economist renowned for his insights on globalization, discusses the unsustainable nature of current global systems. He reflects on his early predictions and examines the shifts in political perspectives since the 1990s. Rodrik highlights the clash of populism and technocracy, and the influence of technological advancements on governance. He emphasizes the need for innovative institutions in the face of rapid societal changes and proposes a balanced approach to globalization that prioritizes worker welfare and equitable economic solutions.

Meg Jacobs, an economic historian and author of "Panic at the Pump," explores how the crises of the 1970s reshaped America's global role. She discusses the Nixon Shock's impact on economic policies and the public's response to national self-sacrifice during the oil crisis. Jacobs also connects these historical events to Donald Trump's political narrative, examining how past lessons on energy dependency still resonate today. The conversation reveals the complexities of conservation and governance that continue to challenge today's leaders.

Leah Downey, a political and economic theorist, delves into the intricate role of central banks, particularly the Federal Reserve, in shaping globalisation. She discusses how the Fed navigates its obligations to American democracy against global economic responsibilities. The conversation explores the impact of the euro dollar, the historical tension between central bankers and political officials, and the implications of the Volcker shock. Downey also examines the evolving relationship between monetary policy and national politics, hinting at insights into Trump's influence on these dynamics.

Historian Gary Gerstle dives into the tumultuous legacy of the Smoot-Hawley Act of 1930, revealing how it worsened the Great Depression and shifted political power in U.S. tariff policy. He explores why President Hoover failed to halt its protective measures and discusses the tensions between idealism and cynicism in American politics. Gerstle also connects historical tariff battles to today’s political landscape, raising questions about the limits of presidential authority and the dangers of isolationism in a global economy.

Historian Robert Saunders joins to discuss Joseph Chamberlain's controversial tariff reforms in early 20th-century Britain, which nearly split his party. He draws fascinating parallels with Trump's recent tariff wars, exploring how historical precedents shape contemporary political debates. The conversation also delves into the ideological battles within the Conservative Party and the impact of trade on national identity and class politics. Moreover, Saunders critiques the notion that tariff reforms primarily benefit the working class, highlighting the role of elite interests in these discussions.

Join economic historian Marc Palen as he delves into the intriguing world of 19th-century globalization and its connections to today's political landscape, especially under Trump. Discover the clash between economic nationalists and free trade advocates, and question whether globalization ever benefitted everyone or just select groups. Palen discusses the implications of imperialism on trade policies and the rise of protectionism, drawing parallels to contemporary issues like Brexit and U.S.-Canada relations. It's a fascinating journey through history that mirrors our current debates!

In this engaging discussion, historian Edward Acton, a specialist in modern Russia, dives deep into the intertwined lives of Lenin and Trotsky. He unpacks their radicalization, examining how personal tragedies shaped their revolutionary beliefs. The conversation highlights their contrasting views on party structure and the role of the working class, revealing the ideological rift that eventually developed. Acton also shares insights into their pivotal moments during the 1917 revolution and the legacy of their revolutionary theories.

Historian Robert Saunders, a specialist in 20th century British politics, dives into the tumultuous life of Winston Churchill. He discusses Churchill's dramatic shifts from disgrace to pivotal leadership during WWII, exploring his complex legacy and controversial relationships within politics. The conversation highlights Churchill's dual role in supporting the welfare state while advocating free-market values and his diplomatic strategies to engage the United States in war. Saunders also critiques conventional narratives, revealing the intricacies behind Churchill's persona.