Alexander Burns, an Assistant Professor of History at Franciscan University and author of "Infantry in Battle 1733-1783," dives into the evolution of combat from Marlborough to Napoleon. He discusses how 18th-century warfare transformed into chaotic confrontations, emphasizing the psychological shifts in soldiers and the rise of firearms. The conversation also covers Prussian military innovations, the blending of European strategies with American tactics during the Revolutionary War, and the ideological motivations that began to shape modern enlistment.

Tom Cotton, a U.S. Senator from Arkansas and author of "Seven Things You Can't Say About China," shares insights from his military service and political career. He discusses the CCP’s global ambitions and highlights bipartisan concerns over China's influence on human rights and security. Cotton analyzes China's early COVID-19 response and its potential economic stagnation, which could lead to increased aggression towards Taiwan. He also delves into the challenges posed by geopolitical threats from Russia and Iran, emphasizing the importance of a strong U.S. defense.

Sean McMeekin, a Professor of European History at Bard College and author, dives into the intriguing relationship between communism and warfare. He discusses Lenin's strategic vision during the Russian Revolution and how his tactics shaped future foreign policies. The conversation explores the CCP's complex alliances during the Chinese Civil War, Stalin's dual role in the Cold War, and the evolution of Chinese communism from Mao to Xi Jinping. Prepare for a compelling journey through the ideological underpinnings that have influenced global conflicts.

Michael Cook, a Princeton University professor and author of "A History of the Muslim World," delves into the explosive Arab expansion of the 7th century. He discusses the socio-political landscape before Islam, highlighting tribal dynamics and self-defense strategies. Cook also examines how Muhammad unified a fragmented society and the emergence of a distinct Arab identity. Additionally, he explores the internal conflicts after Muhammad's death, revealing how these historic power struggles influence modern politics and warfare.

Stephen Kotkin, a Kleinheinz Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution and author on Russia, dives into the intricate dynamics of the Ukraine conflict. He argues both sides have incurred significant losses and discusses the urgent need for a new path to peace. Kotkin examines the pressures on Putin and the strategic complexities affecting U.S. foreign policy. He also highlights the roles of NATO and European allies in shaping geopolitical responses, emphasizing the growing need for coherent strategies in a shifting landscape.

Phillips O’Brien, Chair of Strategic Studies at the University of St. Andrews, delves into the intricacies of strategic decision-making in World War II. He discusses how individual leadership styles influenced wartime strategies, highlighting FDR's navalist approach and Churchill's adaptability. O’Brien challenges the 'Germany First' doctrine and examines Stalin's underestimations of Hitler. The impact of personal agency in shaping military outcomes and the flawed decisions of leaders like Hitler are also explored, revealing the human element in grand strategy.

Mark Montgomery, a retired U.S. Navy rear admiral and senior director at the Center on Cyber and Technology Innovation, discusses America's readiness for cyber warfare. He elaborates on how the U.S. is a 'target-rich environment' and the significant risks posed by Chinese cyber operations like Salt and Volt Typhoon. Montgomery highlights vulnerabilities in critical infrastructure and the urgent need for resilience and clear doctrines in responding to cyber threats. He also emphasizes the evolving dynamics of warfare and the critical importance of adaptive leadership in this new landscape.

Christopher Kolakowski, director of the Wisconsin Veterans Museum and military history expert, shares insights into the life of Simon Bolivar Buckner Jr., the highest-ranking U.S. officer killed in WWII. He highlights Buckner's overlooked legacy, his transformative command during the Okinawa campaign, and the logistical complexities of the 10th Army. The discussion also touches on the unique military strategies in Alaska and the crucial decisions made by leaders like Buckner that shaped the Pacific Theater, culminating in a poignant reflection on the human cost of war.

David Betz, a Professor of War in the Modern World at King’s College London, specializes in military strategy. He delves into the surprising relevance of fortification in today's warfare, revealing how ancient strategies still influence modern conflicts. Betz shares insights on the intersection of urban landscapes and military planning, illustrating this with the ongoing situations in Ukraine and Israel. He discusses the balance between security and aesthetics, questioning how economic factors shape contemporary defensive tactics.

Mick Ryan, a retired Major General in the Australian Army and author of 'War Transformed,' talks about the intersection of war and fiction. He explores the influence of military-themed narratives, like Tom Clancy's, in shaping public perceptions of conflict. Ryan highlights the importance of deterrence in the Pacific, the complexities of modern warfare in places like Ukraine and Israel, and the vital role fiction plays in understanding soldier experiences and geopolitical realities. His insights bridge the gap between military strategy and civilian awareness.