“A diary is not only a text: it is a behaviour, a way of life, of which the text is a by-product", says the French theorist Philipe Lejeune. From ancient Babylon to journalling today, politicians' jottings and the notes made by eighteenth century writers like Mary Hamilton and Fanny Burney. Matthew Sweet discusses diaries with curator Irving Finkel, literary historian Sophie Coulombeau, political commentator Michael Crick and writer Oliver Burkeman, whose latest book is Meditation For Mortals, plus the philosopher Maximillian De Gaynesford. And, as Radio 4 marks the 100th anniversary of the birth of Russell Hoban with a reading of his novel Turtle Diary as Book At Bedtime, writer Sonia Overall discusses his work. Producer: Luke Mulhall

Join Andrew Doyle, a sharp satirist known for free speech advocacy, alongside classicist Edith Hall and comedian Rob Newman. They dive into the balance between indulgence and moderation, discussing ancient Greek concepts and modern implications of excess. Rupert Read addresses climate activism's urgent needs, while Naomi Paxton explores the suffragette movement. They tackle the challenges of political polarization, the complexities of free speech, and the evolving boundaries of satire, offering insights on when to know enough is enough.

Tim Martin, founder of Wetherspoons, shares insights into the evolving landscape of British pubs, touching on the cultural significance of pub snacks like crisps, discussed by journalist Natalie Whittle. Professor Philip Howell dives into the rich history of drinking establishments, while Dr. Marianne Hem Eriksen reveals how alcohol shaped Norse society. BBC journalist Ben Wright expands on the intricate relationship between drinking and politics, illuminating how pubs serve as social hubs that have transformed over time.

Join Dr. Christian Busch, an expert in serendipity, Bobby Seagull, a math whiz, Timandra Harkness, a tech-savvy broadcaster, and Dr. Kate Tomas, a philosophical mentor, as they unravel the intriguing relationship between luck and superstition. They explore whether we can really create our own luck, the cultural significance of superstitions like Friday the 13th, and the emotional power of lucky charms. With humor and insight, they discuss how mindset influences serendipity and the role of superstitions in decision-making and mental well-being.

Joining the discussion are Zrinka Bralo, a journalist from Sarajevo and executive director advocating for migrants, Lindsay Stonebridge, an academic focused on Hannah Arendt's work, Oliver Scott Curry, an anthropologist from Oxford, and philosopher Jack Symes. They dive deep into timeless questions of evil, contrasting personal experiences from the Bosnian War with philosophical reflections on morality. Fascinating insights emerge on the 'banality of evil,' the complexities within legal definitions of evil, and how societal structures can mask malevolence in everyday life.

Elizabeth Oldfield, a former director of Theos and host of The Sacred, joins Rhodri Davies, a philanthropy expert, Gerald Moore, a philosophy professor, and Sophie Scott Brown, a historian and philosopher. They dive into the complexities of gift-giving, discussing reciprocity's role in society and the emotional significance behind gifts. The conversation spans philanthropy's ethical dilemmas, the impact of gratitude in contemporary capitalism, and the historical context of charitable acts, all while critiquing the colonial legacies of Thanksgiving.

Sir Nigel Sheinwald, a former British ambassador, sheds light on the intricate art of diplomacy from Ancient Greece to modern times. Bronwen Maddox connects journalism with politics, discussing how diplomats navigate personal challenges. Dr. Clare Jackson reveals England's diplomatic legacy, while Dr. Holly Furneaux explores 'enemy intimacy' in wartime. The group critiques portrayals in shows like 'The Diplomat,' contrasting fiction with historical truths. Themes of negotiation, cunning political maneuvers, and the emotional depth of truces are woven throughout the conversation.

Deborah Sugg Ryan, a design history expert, and Sir Alexander McCall Smith, beloved author of the No. 1 Ladies' Detective Agency, join theatre critic Susannah Clapp and Nietzsche specialist Hugo Drochon. They explore the tension between cozy comforts and the challenging philosophies of Nietzsche, debating how comfort can breed complacency. Topics range from the reflections on societal norms in crime narratives to the emotional depth of musicals, unveiling how art can both soothe and provoke critical thought in today's complex world.

Andrew Doyle, a playwright and author of "The New Puritans," joins Professor Alice Hunt, theatre critic Kate Maltby, and Professor Islam Issa to explore John Milton's profound influence on modern issues. They discuss Milton’s views on authority, free speech, and the consequences of tyranny. The conversation delves into relevant contemporary debates on regicide and political thought, while also examining the complexities of Puritanism and its dual legacy. Expect sharp insights and witty exchanges as they connect Milton's wisdom to today's societal challenges.

Dr. Irving Finkel, an expert in Ancient Mesopotamian cultures and author of "The First Ghosts," shares ancient ghost stories and personal encounters that challenge skepticism. Dr. Hetta Howes, who studies medieval women in literature, reflects on the cultural importance of ghost narratives. Philosopher Simon Critchley discusses how music can evoke ecstatic experiences, while Dr. Chris Harding examines Japan’s relationship with death and memory. Together, they explore the rich tapestry of ghosts, mysticism, and the emotional landscapes we navigate, especially around Halloween.