Joining the discussion are Zrinka Bralo, a journalist from Sarajevo and executive director advocating for migrants, Lindsay Stonebridge, an academic focused on Hannah Arendt's work, Oliver Scott Curry, an anthropologist from Oxford, and philosopher Jack Symes. They dive deep into timeless questions of evil, contrasting personal experiences from the Bosnian War with philosophical reflections on morality. Fascinating insights emerge on the 'banality of evil,' the complexities within legal definitions of evil, and how societal structures can mask malevolence in everyday life.

Elizabeth Oldfield, a former director of Theos and host of The Sacred, joins Rhodri Davies, a philanthropy expert, Gerald Moore, a philosophy professor, and Sophie Scott Brown, a historian and philosopher. They dive into the complexities of gift-giving, discussing reciprocity's role in society and the emotional significance behind gifts. The conversation spans philanthropy's ethical dilemmas, the impact of gratitude in contemporary capitalism, and the historical context of charitable acts, all while critiquing the colonial legacies of Thanksgiving.

Sir Nigel Sheinwald, a former British ambassador, sheds light on the intricate art of diplomacy from Ancient Greece to modern times. Bronwen Maddox connects journalism with politics, discussing how diplomats navigate personal challenges. Dr. Clare Jackson reveals England's diplomatic legacy, while Dr. Holly Furneaux explores 'enemy intimacy' in wartime. The group critiques portrayals in shows like 'The Diplomat,' contrasting fiction with historical truths. Themes of negotiation, cunning political maneuvers, and the emotional depth of truces are woven throughout the conversation.

Deborah Sugg Ryan, a design history expert, and Sir Alexander McCall Smith, beloved author of the No. 1 Ladies' Detective Agency, join theatre critic Susannah Clapp and Nietzsche specialist Hugo Drochon. They explore the tension between cozy comforts and the challenging philosophies of Nietzsche, debating how comfort can breed complacency. Topics range from the reflections on societal norms in crime narratives to the emotional depth of musicals, unveiling how art can both soothe and provoke critical thought in today's complex world.

Andrew Doyle, a playwright and author of "The New Puritans," joins Professor Alice Hunt, theatre critic Kate Maltby, and Professor Islam Issa to explore John Milton's profound influence on modern issues. They discuss Milton’s views on authority, free speech, and the consequences of tyranny. The conversation delves into relevant contemporary debates on regicide and political thought, while also examining the complexities of Puritanism and its dual legacy. Expect sharp insights and witty exchanges as they connect Milton's wisdom to today's societal challenges.

Dr. Irving Finkel, an expert in Ancient Mesopotamian cultures and author of "The First Ghosts," shares ancient ghost stories and personal encounters that challenge skepticism. Dr. Hetta Howes, who studies medieval women in literature, reflects on the cultural importance of ghost narratives. Philosopher Simon Critchley discusses how music can evoke ecstatic experiences, while Dr. Chris Harding examines Japan’s relationship with death and memory. Together, they explore the rich tapestry of ghosts, mysticism, and the emotional landscapes we navigate, especially around Halloween.

Dr. Katie McGettigan, an American literature expert, explores how the 19th century shapes modern cultural perceptions. Kit Davis, an anthropologist, shares humorous anecdotes about communication styles across the pond. Amanda Taub discusses the impact of American movements like Black Lives Matter on UK culture. Freddy Gray dives into the cultural fusion in humor and political discourse, while Rana Mitter examines the shifting global dynamics, including the influence of BRICS. Together, they ponder whether we’re all becoming a little more American.

In this intriguing discussion, Marianna Spring, the BBC's Disinformation Correspondent, exposes how social media fuels belief systems and conspiracy theories. Professor Lisa Bortolotti delves into how personal experiences shape understanding and distrust. Historian Daniel Herskowitz connects ancient Egyptian symbolism to Renaissance art, while Hugh Cullimore highlights their cultural significance. Constantine Sandis shares insights on the shortlisted books for the Nayef Al-Rodhan Book Prize, emphasizing the need for transdisciplinary approaches to solve complex societal issues.

Can we still be idealistic about childhood? How do we square the impact of war, stories of sexual abuse, the impact of time spent on screens with the idea of children's experiences being about play, learning to be social, listening and creating stories ? Anne McElvoy's guests include: Katherine Rundell, author of the Waterstones book of 2023 Impossible Creatures, her series about children's literature is on Radio 4 and BBC Sounds next week. It's called The Lion, the Witch and the Wonder. Emily Baughan, Senior Lecturer in 19th/20th Century British History at the University of Sheffield and author of Saving the Children: Humanitarianism, Internationalism and Empire. She is a New Generation Thinker working with BBC Radio 4 and the Arts and Humanities Research Council to share her research on radio. Miriam Cates former Conservative MP who is now Senior Fellow at the Centre for Social Justice. Andrew Cooper, Associate Professor in the Department of Philosophy at the University of Warwick who teaches courses on philosophy of nature, philosophy of mind, and existentialism. Grace Lockrobin who is Co-Director of SAPERE - a UK charity that works to realise the benefits of a philosophical education as widely and equitably as possible.Producer: Lisa Jenkinson

Gabriel Gatehouse, a journalist and broadcaster investigating conspiracy theories, hosts a lively discussion with novelist Elif Shafak, known for her thought-provoking narratives, and academic poet Janine Bradbury. They explore how reading, both fiction and history, fosters empathy in a polarizing world. Philosopher Jonathan Egid delves into the complexities of empathy, while Tiffany Watt Smith examines emotional intricacies like schadenfreude. Historian Rana Mitter links these themes to broader historical narratives, emphasizing the power of literature in understanding diverse perspectives.