GuestsJosh Berlin - @jab2109René Cacheaux - @RCachATXBook - Advanced iOS App ArchitectureLinksSwinjectRxSwiftAdvanced Unidirectional Architecture with Rene Cacheaux - Live Tutorial Session - RWDevCon 2018Alcatraz RIPXcode ExtensionsPrevious EpisodesEpisode 7: Apple 2019Episode 8: Cloud and Backend ServicesEpisode 12: iOS Developer Interviews with Alex BushShow NotesChallenges with Architecture in iOS Application DevelopmentDealing with the lack of guidance from AppleSlow team velocity caused By large volumes of codeArchitecture is important when the team is large enough to benefit One day when the team grows more, you’re going to potentially have more problems.Josh BerlinThe need to slow down and establish an architecture in an appconstant communication and early meeting to discuss patterns and practices (i.e. Architecture)How team dynamic affects the need for leadershipApplying Patterns to iOS Application Architecture MVC vs Other Patterns such as RxSwiftHow design patterns naturally developUsing third party librariesThe importance of team DNAThe importance of dependency injectionTooling - iOS and Swift vs Android and KotlinThe problems with Storyboards and having healthy architectureWWDC Hopes and DreamsJosh Berlin - @jab2109Dark Theme (iOS)René Cacheaux - @RCachATXMarzipanSwift Concurrency PrimitivesLeo Dion - @leogdionXcode ImprovementsMore Exposure for Services and Server Side SwiftSwift Package ManagerMore Developer ToolsWhat happened to Alcatraz and Xcode Extensions?Social MediaTwitter - @brightdigitFacebook - BrightDigitBrand New Instagram! - @brightdigitTranscriptLeo Dion (Host): [00:00:00] Hello, welcome to another episode of EmpowerApps Show today. We have with us René Cacheaux and Josh Berlin. Guys, thanks for coming on. René Cacheaux (Guest): [00:00:08] Thanks for having us. Josh Berlin (Guest): [00:00:09] Yeah.Leo Dion (Host): [00:00:09] So I've heard a lot of issues that companies have with architecture especially architecture with iOS apps and I know you guys have a book coming out as part of the Ray Wenderlich series - IOS app architecture. So this is something I'm really interested [in]. Maybe if you can kind of define the problems you've seen a lot of companies run into when it comes to architecting a successful mobile app, especially in iOS. René Cacheaux (Guest): [00:00:40] Yeah, one of the biggest challenges with iOS development is that there's really no strong opinion from Apple. So everyone's really kind of left to roll their own patterns. The biggest issues that I've seen is just slow in-team velocity, because we read a lot more code than we write. Everytime that we go into a code base to add a new feature, fix a bug, or something - the more tightly coupled all the pieces of your app are [and] the more you have to read to kind of understand all the things that you need to understand to make a safe change without breaking something. And so, kind of architecture really helps speed up your team because if you can kind of use the right patterns and break things up into no easy to reason about chunks. It's much much easier to find where you need to make the change and have confidence that you are not going to break something. So that's what I would say kind of like the main points on that.Josh Berlin (Guest): [00:01:39] Yeah and another thing is like a lot of apps that are built usually start with maybe like one person or a small team and  that developer has an opinion about how to architect the app and as a team grows and the product org wants more changes [it] becomes a lot harder to make those changes if the team isn't on board with one type of architecture and everyone is going to have their own opinion. It's going to be a lot easier to make these changes. If everyone agrees on one architecture and knows where to our find everything, everything is documented because one day when the team grows more, you know, you're going to potentially have more problems - like René was saying finding things in the code base. When the app is small it's not as big of a deal but when it grows it becomes a lot more challenging, so it's good to get these architectural patterns in early on and have everyone on board.Leo Dion (Host): [00:02:36] Maybe talk a little bit about your background and how did you guys get into iOS development? René Cacheaux (Guest): [00:02:40] So I got into it back in around 2008. I was doing a bunch of kind of web Java server face, you know internal it development and my wife had bought an iPhone and was kind of really trying to get me on board with the Apple ecosystem. Back then I was kind of Microsoft guy. You know, I was like, I'll try developing for this it would be interesting and I just got hooked honestly like. Working with like very abstract things kind of in the cloud and kind of in the background versus working on something that you can kind of feel and touch and look and show your friends kind of a really really cool thing. That's how I got into it. Leo Dion (Host): [00:03:17] How about you Josh? Josh Berlin (Guest): [00:03:18] Yeah. So in college, it was like maybe 10 years ago and iOS first came out. No one was really teaching this in school and I wanted a fitness tracker. So I built one for myself and ended up getting a job at a company building business products for Windows. They wanted to Android and iOS...

UnoDeuce Multimedia and StorytellingUnoDeuce MultimediaYoutubeInstagramTwitterFacebookPrevious EpisodesApple 2019 - Apple and ServiceMarch 25th EventOther ServicesApple ArcadeApple CardApple NewsApple MusicHow is Apple positioning itself compared with other Streaming Services?Apple TVApple TV+Amazon Prime NetflixDisney+Exponent Episode - Family-Friendly DisneyHuluHow to start telling stories with video nowFilmic ProClipsiMovieRecording with an iPhoneEditing with an iPadiMac vs iMac Pro for VideoHD vs 4KHigh Color GamutFinal Cut ProMac MiniRunning IT in an Apple Run BusinessDropboxArchiving and Hard Drives LacieWestern DigitalBackBlaze Hard Drive Stats For 2018Lansing Marketing HackersLansing Marketing Hackers MeetupLearning a New Skill with Alexa with Paul J SchmidtWWDCNew Mac Pro?Pro App Updates Thanks to our monthly supporters Bertram Eber Edward Sanchez Satoshi Mitsumori Danielle Lewis Steven Lipton ★ Support this podcast on Patreon ★

Alex's LinksOn Twitter @alex_v_bushiOS Interview Guide Inside iOS Dev PodcastPrevious EpisodesEpisode 8 - Cloud and Backend Services For AppsWhat makes interviewing iOS Developers special?Apple Design PatternsModel-View-ControllerDelegation PatternProtocol Oriented ProgrammingSpecial Background and Knowledge in Frameworks: UIKit, HealthKit, AVFoundation, WatchKit, etc...Common mistakes employers make interviewing iOS candidatesNot understanding their own appHiring a consultant to help estimate and understand what iOS knowledge is nessecaryNot understanding the phase their app and whether general iOS developers are needed as opposed to iOS developers with specialtiesAlgorithms and Optimization Interview QuestionsInterview Questions about building a UI in iOSFinding out whether the applicant understands the pros and cons of various methods: Storyboards, Coding, etc...Make sure they are willing to work with the teamCommon mistakes iOS developer applicants and candidates makeNot having broad knowledge of various solutions an app may need: Data Storage, Networking, UI...Some Backend KnowledgeFull TranscriptionLeo Dion (Host): Hey Alex[00:00:01] Alex Bush (Guest): Hey Leo [00:00:01] Leo Dion (Host): how are you doing, sir? [00:00:02] Alex Bush (Guest): Great. How are you doing? [00:00:04] Leo Dion (Host): Fantastic glad to have Alex Bush on from IOS interview guide and inside iOS Dev podcast. If you are interested in iOS development, you should definitely check his podcast out. Alex, what are you up to right now? [00:00:21] Alex Bush (Guest): I am sort of getting up to speed after Microconf and vacation.[00:00:27] Leo Dion (Host): I hear you. I'm in the same boat microconf and peers and vacation and starting a new contract. So I know where you're coming from. [00:00:35] Alex Bush (Guest): Right and yeah, and I'm Contracting as well iOS so doing that getting up to speed on that  [00:00:42] Leo Dion (Host): Who are you working with right now? [00:00:43] Alex Bush (Guest): Currently with Uber. Yeah, Silicon Valley, you know all the companies, around probably be looking for another gig soon enough. [00:00:53] Leo Dion (Host): Yeah. If you are interested in architecture, definitely check Alex's podcast out like your specialty really is in helping iOS developers get jobs and specifically the interview process, correct. [00:01:11] Alex Bush (Guest): Yes, that's sort of been my aim my focus lately last couple of years. Yeah, I wrote a book as you mentioned on the topic helping iOS developers get jobs right prep for interviews. [00:01:26] Leo Dion (Host): Okay. So if you're like a company hiring iOS developers, what are some things that make interviewing a potential iOS Developer different from - I guess the biggest thing is web developers, right? So what makes it different from hiring your standard web developer. [00:01:45] Alex Bush (Guest): That's a good question and it's sort of how the whole book thing and helping iOS devs interview started. I was at the time at a different consultancy helping them hire people for their iOS project. And as I was interviewing sort of same things will come up and I would kind of jot some notes take some notes on what to ask what to remember you get to ask and probe as I interview people and in general sort of when you interview, let's say a web developer or just a software developer right you go for a broader software topics, right?[00:02:30] Roughly speaking algorithms and then design patterns and architectures, right but overall for software not specific for iOS and I think that's what's different when you're interviewing and hiring iOS people. The one thing is to in the sort of web world and specifically backend world in my opinion.[00:02:52] You can hire a generalist and they can adapt. Quick enough I guess but in the iOS world it's very crucial to for for developers to really know very well the the frameworks that they work with and I think that's the main biggest difference when you're interviewing iOS people to sort of aim at that and assess their knowledge not just overall software development knowledge, but specifically iOS development.[00:03:23] Leo Dion (Host): But I guess like you like it comes to mind because it drives almost everything maybe we'll particulars about UI kit are you thinking people should really know about [00:03:34] Alex Bush (Guest): it also depends right? Like if you're hiring for just I guess you don't have a heavy UI animation or performance concerns for your project or your app.[00:03:46] Then you don't really need a specialist. Who knows. Low-level details some of that right but sometimes for example social networking apps or apps that have social networking aspect of some kind they struggle with scrolling performance. Right? Let's say you have a some sort of a Instagram like feed with pictures infinitives feed that you can scroll and it's dynamically size, right if that's a crucial part of your app.[00:04:14] It's important to make the performance buttery smooth right and not every developer. Like this is what in regards of UIKit what you want to dig and assess more in that case [00:04:26] Leo Dion (Host): Okay, [00:04:27] Alex Bush (Guest): rather than just overall. You know, what is MVC? Right right. [00:04:32] Leo Dion (Host): So maybe we should clarify the audience like UI kit is the basic framework for the user interface on iOS. So if you're going to do any. Simple menus tables with navigation UI kit is the bread and butter of that and then like Apple kind of they teach an MVC pattern or model view controller, which I think correct me if I'm wrong like every developer who does iOS development should know that in an interview correct.[00:05:00] Alex Bush (Guest): That is correct. Although I would say these days that's a prerequisite to Simply develop for iOS, but to be sort of hired for position. You should know more than that. At least be aware. Right?  [00:05:16] Leo Dion (Host): I agree. I think that's the very basics what are some other things you should know about [00:05:20] Alex Bush (Guest): what comes to mind the core apple design pattern...

Previous EpisodeEpisode 6 - Project Estimation Guest: Jaim Zuber of Sharp Five Software Sharp Five SoftwareJaim Zuber BlogMarch 25 Apple EventNot following Apple Events Cable CuttersNew MacsWhat does that mean working with external developers?Types of DevelopersEmployees vs. ConsultantsMobile Developer vs. iOS DeveloperTypes of ConsultantsWhat is the best way to know you have a good developer?How about “cheaper” developers?What are other gotchas with developers?Follow Jaim at jaimzuber.com Thanks to our monthly supporters Bertram Eber Edward Sanchez Satoshi Mitsumori Danielle Lewis Steven Lipton ★ Support this podcast on Patreon ★

Previous EpisodesEpisode 9 - iPad Apps for Businesses and ProsReddit Threadsr/macsysadminr/osxr/appleDatabase Collaboration ToolAirtable FileMaker NinoxManaging DevicesJAMF - Manage Multiple Mac, iPads, and iPhonesMore Details Managing Software and DiskDaisyDisk - Manage and Visualize Disk SpaceHomebrew - Command Line Application Package InstallerCreative AppsAdobe Creative Cloud - Includes Photoshop, Illustration, Audition, Premier and more...Ulysses - Distraction Free Writing AppFiLMiC Pro - Professional Video Recording AppFiLMiC Remote - Companion App for FiLMiC ProMarketing Apps Buffer - Manage Social Media QueuesFacebook Page - Manage Your Facebook PageGoogle Analytics - Visual Your Analytics from your PhoneWordpress - Post to and Edit Your WebsiteMailChimp - Manage your Email List and CampaignsZoom - Conference Calling AppCommunication and Todo AppsFullContact - Manage Multiple Different Address BooksSlack - Chat ApplicationDoodle - Setup Polls, especially for MeetingsTodoist - Todo app, pro version includes sharing of tasksFinances AppsQuickbooks - Business AccountingGenius Scan - Scan Documents From Your PhoneReceipt Bank - Scan Receipts and Hook up to your QuickbooksExpensify - Scan Expense Receipts and Hook up to your QuickbooksWave - Business AccountingPaypal - Transfer MoneyMusic by Bimbotronic from Fugue Thanks to our monthly supporters Bertram Eber Edward Sanchez Satoshi Mitsumori Danielle Lewis Steven Lipton ★ Support this podcast on Patreon ★

Apple March EventApple makes moves towards services (Previous Episode - Apple in 2019)Apple March 2019 Special Event PreviewNew Non-Pro iPads and iPad Minis coming outHistory of the iPad Is the iPad Still Transitioning Similar to SmartPhones and Notebook Computers did? Leo's iPad JourneyWhat makes iPad and iOS work well What’s the difference between Professional and Business Apps?Limitations of the iPad Hardware Limitations Battery Life Connectors External Drive SupportFiles ManagementUI IssuesTouch vs Keyboard and MouseFaceID and TouchIDManaging Apps and Split ScreenResponsive Web SitesApp Store Monetization AdsFlat priceIn-App PurchasesSubscriptionsWhere is Group Licensing?Enterprise Licenses How Enterprise Licensing Works (Apple Support Page)What is Enterprise Licensing ForHow did Facebook abuse Enterprise Licensing? (Recode Article)  Thanks to our monthly supporters Bertram Eber Edward Sanchez Satoshi Mitsumori Danielle Lewis Steven Lipton ★ Support this podcast on Patreon ★

Previous EpisodesEpisode 7 - Apple 2019Episode 6 - Project Estimation EpisodeDefine Whether You Do Need Cloud or Backend ServicesYou Do Not Need If…Privacy-Sensitive DataNo Cloud Backups NeededAlready Storing Using a Third Party APIsExample App Developed by BrightDigit - CE GeniusYou Do Need If..Multiple Devices In Sync Cloud Backups NessecaryExample App Developed by Shiny Frog - BearWhat To Consider When Deciding How To Store Data?MVP vs EnterpriseWhat is an MVP? Most Viable ProductStart With the User - Project Estimation EpisodeWhat Devices Does the App Support?How Complex is the Data and Queries?Are Outside Jobs Needed? Such as Cron Jobs, Backups, Push Notifications, etc…Consider Prices - Bandwidth and StorageConsider Developer Team’s Comfort LevelDevelop Abstracting User Experience From Data LayerBuild a Custom Web AppVirtual Machine OptionsAmazon EC2LinodeDigital OceanWeb App OptionsKubernetesDockerHerokuDatabase OptionsMySQLMariaDBPostgreSQLMongoDBRedisProgramming OptionsPHPNode.jsC#and ASP.NET Web APIsRubyElixirSwift OptionsVapor - ReviewKituraPerfectServer Software OptionsIISNginxApacheOther Software ConsiderationsCloudflareNew RelicSupervisorMobile Backend As A ServiceParseCloudKitFirebaseUsing Multiple Services REST API vs GraphQLMusic by Roman Bulakhov from FugueFull Transcript[00:00:00] Erik Gillespie (Host): Hi Leo, it's me. Again. [00:00:01] Leo Dion (Host): Hey, Eric. Glad to have you on to help host this episode. So today we're going to talk about back-end and cloud services for your IOS app. And I think first we should talk about when you should need a back-end or cloud service because I don't think it's needed in every absolute case when it comes to an IOS app or any mobile app.[00:00:25] Erik Gillespie (Host): Yeah, I'm really curious to hear what your ideas are on this. [00:00:27] Leo Dion (Host): So one thing to consider is there's a lot you can get away with without even doing cloud services. The thing with an IOS app is if you're storing your data in something that is like iCloud or in a lot of cases people really don't need the cloud to store their data. They can just sort on their phone itself. I think often times when we think about building an app that's something to think about is like do you really need this stored in the cloud and if you maybe can provide a manual mechanism to backup the data into some sort of iCloud storage as a file that saves a lot of trouble and saves you a lot of time and money quite frankly when you're building your mobile app. And then that way you don't really need a cloud service or a back-end service in a lot of cases. [00:01:15] Erik Gillespie (Host): What are some situations where you think it's okay to go with a back-end service or on the flip side choose to only or mostly store things directly on your users phones. [00:01:27] Leo Dion (Host): I think anything that's privacy sensitive. I think you should definitely just store on the phone locally because that's a whole other headache you having to deal with if you're worried about that stuff being stored in the cloud and if it's very simple stuff if it's things that they just need on their phone and if they lose it, it's not the end of the world I think it's totally legitimate to only store that stuff on the phone. Also, if you're using any third party apis in other words. Like let's say you're using Twitter or YouTube or some other API where you're not really storing data. Data that's being stored is essentially being stored in this third party structure than it's not really necessary because you can just use that third party API as your database in many ways.[00:02:06] I'll just tell you one case I built an app for nurses and doctors to do continuing education for their career and all that data was just stored in core data, which is essentially a SQL lite database abstraction layer. And so all that stuff was sort of essentially in SQL and it was all sort of locally and there was just a simple option. They don't have the budget for it. They didn't have the timeline for it either. So the simple way we did it is we just have a manual backup process that you can run and it essentially creates a zip file of this data stored as a Json or JavaScript object notation file. And so if they wanted to back up they can just sort it in iCloud and if they ever wanted to restore it they can always restore it back on their iPhone. Where I think a back-end service and a cloud service is really helpful is if you're going to have it available on multiple devices .So for instance I'm a big user of Bear, which is an awesome note taking app that's available on all Apple devices and they use kind of combination iCloud and CloudKit they store their stuff in the back end and then that way if I pull up my notes on a Mac or on my iPad or my iPhone. I always have it accessible because it's all stored in the cloud. I think that's where something like a back-end service is really useful. [00:03:19] Erik Gillespie (Host): Like when you need to synchronize data across multiple devices ...

Previous Episodes iPhone XrLow-Cost MacsSlowing iPhone SalesChinaSamsung 4th Quarter GuidanceApple’s Precarious and Pivotal 2019 - M.G. SieglerApple Revises Guidance - Accidental Tech PodcastApple's China Problem - StrecheryDecrease in Computer Sales4 Charts That Explain The Decline in PC SmartPhones Plateau / MatureSmartphone Sales Are SlowingApple's Battery ProgramGrowth in ServicesApple's Servies Segment Continues to GrowApple and BusinessHow does Apple balance quality and price in the PC Market?How will Apple tailor their growing services segment for businesses? Apple and DevelopersWill Apple encourage more services in the cloud?Amazon Web ServicesAWS Lambda (Server-Less)Google Cloud PlatformMicrosoft AzureApple CloudKitWill Apple encourage more services for developers?MacStadiumWill Apple offer some sort server-side services?VaporPerfectKitura Thanks to our monthly supporters Bertram Eber Edward Sanchez Satoshi Mitsumori Danielle Lewis Steven Lipton ★ Support this podcast on Patreon ★

Speculid TalkDevelopment AlternativesIonicReact NativeXamarianCordovaNativeScriptContinuous Integration for iOS OptionsMacStadiumTravis-CIJenkins MacinCloudXcode ServerCircleCIHockeyAppComplete Transcription[00:00:00] Theresa Jasko (Host): I feel like last time we had our podcast you've maybe done a few speaking engagements. [00:00:06] Leo Dion (Host): I spoke at ArborMoon at the Ann Arbor Cocoaheads group about Try! Swift which is the conference, I went to Labor Day week. And then I also talked about Speculid which is a Mac App for developers that I've been working on for building graphics for apps. I just talked about how it works and kind of the guts of the challenges I faced building the app. [00:00:31] Theresa Jasko (Host): Nice, So what is IOS development? [00:00:34] Leo Dion (Host): IOS, of course, is the operating system for iPads and iPhones. So typically it's the process of coding, designing, testing, and packaging an app and delivering it in whatever way a customer would want.[00:00:52] Theresa Jasko (Host): Yeah, so if someone's looking into doing that what kind of factors go into getting a quote for that kind of service.[00:00:59] Leo Dion (Host): So really it depends on the features and kind of the timeline of the app. So faster timeline is going to mean a higher quote then integrating any sort of third party services. So if you're integrating something like Facebook or integrating any sort of special controls or sensors on the iPhone like motion controls then that's going to up your quote. And then the complexity of the data that's being used, especially if it's data that's going to be stored locally or remotely - there's going to be some complexity there and that will take take more time. [00:01:40] Because that's essentially what we're talking about is quality and time the more you pay the more time it will take and the more higher quality will also mean a higher quote for those Services because that quality also takes time of course. So offline capabilities - not a lot of apps necessarily need that but a lot of apps want to have the ability to just having online and offline capabilities so syncing and things like that. Any sort of UI complexity and any UX complexity, chat, the amount or number of screens is a good indicator of how complex an app is going to be and how much the price is going to be. [00:02:26] And then this is much more an issue on Android but as far as iOS is concerned, It's what operating system versions you support. What devices you support. So is this just an iPad app is it just an iPhone app is a support iOS 12, iOS 11 how far down the chain are you going and that usually factors into the price of the quote for developing an app.[00:02:53] And also another thing to mention is in many cases we're thinking a green app, but starting an app from scratch that has its challenges but also picking up an app that's already been developed on has its challenges as well. So that's something to that will weigh into the quote of developing an IOS app.[00:03:17] Theresa Jasko (Host): Yeah, so when you talk about like those factors just now is there like a common app that you could use it as an example of like kind of illustrating some of that stuff? Is there maybe like a weather app or something like when you talk about like UI ux complexity and things like that? I'm having a hard time envisioning what that means in real life.[00:03:38] Leo Dion (Host): Sure. So the way I think about it is a lot of times customers depending on how much they want to do when it comes to getting requirements for an app have a pretty good idea of what screens they want. And so I usually get into the process of asking them - Okay, what does this app do? What are you trying to do? What is your end goal and then figure out - okay, we'll need a screen for this and a screen for that and then the screen will go to that. Then I'll start thinking about like different edge cases because we always have to think like what happens in this case what happens in that case. What I do is in spreadsheet will write out the different screens that an app will need in order for it to essentially work. [00:04:26] For instance, we developed a nurse training app and that uses about four different tabs and probably each of those have different dialogues for adding credits for a nurse. And so we'll have say 12 screens in that app. Just kind of roughly and so that I look at the complexity how much data is being entered is it like one field, 2 fields, 3 Fields? How complex is that data? Is that data dependent on certain variables? Is there a certain range of acceptable values and then that factors into some of the UX that's involved or the user experience because I want to make sure that the user is walked through the app. Easily and knows what they need to do and it's intuitive.[00:05:17] So I kind of rough guess how many hours that's going to be for each screen. We also talked about for instance with a brand new app, there's some setup time usually involved. And then for each screen, there's going to be testing involved say every week or two weeks so that gets added in as well.[00:05:41] And then of course at the end, there's the issue of getting into the App Store assuming it's a app store app and there's always time involved there because you'll always find all sorts of issues when you get into App Store. There's also dependencies for their marketing or graphic design folks to make sure that they have the assets that are needed to get into the App Store.[00:06:02] Theresa Jasko (Host): Hmm. Wow, do you find that when people approach you about getting a quote or something? Do they have a full understanding of the things that you're talking about are usually have to really kind of work with people to even explain that?[00:06:17] Leo Dion (Host): Usually what I like to do is kind of do a rough tree of how the app is going to work. And then from there I'll go ahead and make estimates for each of those things. Sometimes I might do something like an initial consultation for a fee depending on how complex the app is. And then what I like to do early on in the project is have basically an app that doesn't work but at least has the UI and the workflow that they expect out of the app so that way early on in the process they're there confirming how the app is going to work eventually at some point. [00:07:00] Theresa Jasko (Host): What are the things - you know what - let's say someone wants to do a development project and they get let's say three different quotes. What's the reasons you know, if the prices are kind of varying pretty significantly what could be different there? What would you be maybe missing out on if you g...

I'm an Emergency Physician and wanted to talk about Apple Watch's new ECGWatch Faces Infographic and Infographic ModularPrevious EpisodesEpisode 3 : Low-Cost Macs - MacBook Air & Mac MiniEpisode 4 : iPhone Xs vs iPhone Xs Max vs iPhone XrApple Developer VideosDesigning for Apple Watch Series 4Developing Complications for Apple Watch Series 4Using SubscriptionsDesigning for Subscription Success Thanks to our monthly supporters Bertram Eber Edward Sanchez Satoshi Mitsumori Danielle Lewis Steven Lipton ★ Support this podcast on Patreon ★