This Week in Virology

The TWiVome deconstructs the evolutionary history of RNA viruses, and immune promortion of murine norovirus pathogenesis by replication in intestinal tuft cells. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Kathy Spindler Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode ASM Microbe 2018 Support Viruses & Cells Gordon Conference Faculty positions at Icahn School of Medicine Evolutionary historyof RNA viruses (Nature) The amphioxus song Norovirus tropism for tuft cells(Science) Letters readon TWiV 491 Weekly Science Picks Alan - Oligodendroglioma in song Kathy- Everything-repellent coating to grime proof phone screens & more Rich- Gaia star map Dickson- Clouds are complicated Vincent - Eradicating polio with a vaccine we must stop using Listener Pick Stephen- Forget the Avengers, it took real heroes to make India polio-free Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees. Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

From the TWiV team, human cowpox infection possibly acquired from a pet cat, and a new giant mimivirus of green algae with genes encoding enzymes of fermentation. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Rich Condit, and Kathy Spindler Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode ASM Microbe 2018 ASV Job Site revamped Support Viruses & Cells Gordon Conference Faculty positions at Icahn School of Medicine Dick Courtney obit Human cowpox infection(NEJM) Mimivirus encodes fermentation genes(Virology) Letters readon TWiV 490 Weekly Science Picks Kathy- Landscapes that look like another world (but they are from Spain) Rich - Brighton Collaboration; Viral Vector Vaccines Safety Working Group (V3SWG)(Chen & DeStefano: Vaccine adverse events: causal or coincidental?) Dickson- Clouds of Jupiter and EBNA2 and autoimmunity Vincent - More than one-third of graduate students report being depressed (original article) Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees. Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

Vincent visits Sandra Urdaneta-Hartmann at Drexel University College of Medicine in Philadelphia to talk about the development of the mobile video game 'CD4 Hunter'. Host: Vincent Racaniello Guest: Sandra Urdaneta-Hartmann Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode CD4 Hunter iOSAndroid Sandra on Twitter Carla Brown on Twitter Inactivation of HIV in breast milk(Retrovirology) Nipple shieldto inactivate HIV (Int J Pharm) Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees. Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

The TWiV team reveals that recent mumps virus outbreaks in the US are due to waning vaccine efficacy, and an intranasally delivered small interfering RNA that controls West Nile infection in the brain. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, and Kathy Spindler Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode ASM Microbe 2018 ASV 2018 Microbiology Student Symposium at UC Berkeley Support Viruses & Cells Gordon Conference Waning mumps vaccinein US (Sci Trans Med) siRNA controlof West Nile virus brain infection (Cell Host Microbe) Image credit Letters readon TWiV 488 Weekly Science Picks Kathy- Peak bloom and photographing cherry blossoms Dickson- Origins of vertebrate RNA viruses Alan- Rare footage of anglerfishin the deep ocean Vincent - NIH must reduce disparities in funding Listener Picks Mariann - Eden Project and Bellyvision Apparatus and the Like Amir- Winners of ICR Science Photography and Photography Contest Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees. Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

At the Medical College of Wisconsin, Vincent talks with current and former members of the Department of Microbiology and Immunology about their work and their careers. Host: Vincent Racaniello Guests: Dominique Carter, Sid Grossberg, John Kirby, Scott Terhune, and Vera Terakanova Become a patron of TWiV! Intro music by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

Sean Whelan returns to TWiV to speak with Vincent about using haploid cell lines to identify genes encoding cell receptors for viruses, including Ebolavirus, Lassa virus, and more. Host: Vincent Racaniello Guest: Sean Whelan Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Ebola virus entry requires the cholesterol transporter Niemann-Pick C1 (Nature) Lassa virus entry requires a trigger-induced receptor switch (Science) Infectious Entry Pathway Mediated by the Human ERV K Envelope Protein (J Virol) Novel Broad-Spectrum Virus Entry Inhibitor (J Virol) Mechanism of membrane fusion induced by VSV G protein (PNAS) NRP2 and CD63 Are Host Factors for Lujo Virus Cell Entry (Cell Host Micr) Image credit Intro music by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

The TWiV posse considers viral insulin-like peptides encoded in fish genomes, and insect antiviral immunity by production of viral DNA from defective genomes of RNA viruses. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode ASM Microbe 2018 Insulin-like peptides in Iridovirus genomes (PNAS) Dicer-2 dependent generation of cvDNA from defective genomes (Cell Host Micr) Carla Saleh on insect antiviral immunity (TWiV 301) RNAseIII ancient antiviral RNA platform (TWiV 450) cvDNA precursor to EVEs (TWiV 482) Image credit: Paul Young Letters read on TWiV 485 Weekly Science Picks Kathy - Vegas casinos lost money on physicists Brianne - Astronaut twin's DNA is not 7% different! Dickson - Parasitic Diseases lecture videos Alan - In Season blog by Donna Long Vincent - Buckyball viruses Listener Picks Paul - Wine labels (front, back) Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees. Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

The TWiVumvirate discuss the giant Tupanvirus, with the longest tail in the known virosphere, and dampened STING dependent interferon activation in bats. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode ASM Microbe 2018 Tailed giant Tupanvirus (Nat Commun) Soda Lakes (Wikipedia) Dampened STING in bats (Cell Host Microbe) Image credit Letters read on TWiV 484 Weekly Science Picks Kathy - How to read a phylogenetic tree Brianne - No immune overload for vaccines Dickson - Flowchart of viral families Alan - Letters to a Pre-Scientist Vincent - True believers, entrepreneurs, and scammers in alternative medicine and Simply Put: Vaccines Save Lives Listener Picks Vinayaka - Code of Ethics for Young Scientists Matt - TWiV 443 Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees. Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

Vincent and the Virals review undermining of antiviral effectiveness by genital inflammation, and heterogeneity of influenza virus infection in single cells. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Alan Dove, and Kathy Spindler Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode USA Science and Engineering Festival Genital inflammation and antiviral effectiveness (Nat Med) Single cell infection heterogeneity (eLife) Single-cell poliovirus infection (Virology) Image credit Letters read on TWiV 483 Weekly Science Picks Kathy - Dance Dance Rich - Snopes Alan - Next Generation Science Standards Vincent - TWiEVO 28: Genetics of skin pigmentation in Africa Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees. Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

The TWiV Masters discuss serologic evidence of Ebolavirus infection in a population with no outbreaks, and the set of endogenous viral elements in the mosquito genome. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode USA Science and Engineering Festival Ebolavirus infection without an outbreak (J Inf Dis) A. aegypti EVEome (Curr Biol) One Loop to Rule Them All (Trends Biochem Sci) Image credit Letters read on TWiV 482 Weekly Science Picks Kathy - Origami sound barrier Brianne - iBiology Dickson - Switched-on bats Alan - Hawaii's communication breakdown Vincent - Inside the Federal Bureau of way too many guns and What I Saw Treating Parkland Victims Listener Pick Johnye - Debunking Anti-Vaxxers Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees. Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv