This Week in Virology

Vincent speaks with Raul and Kostya about the development of novel oral polio vaccine from the Sabin type 2 strain, its deployment in over 600 million children, and whether it can lead to eradication of poliomyelitis. Host: Vincent Racaniello Guests: Raul Andino and Kostya Chumakov Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode MicrobeTV Discord Server MicrobeTV store at Cafepress Research assistant position in Rosenfeld Lab CBER/FDA (pdf) Engineering OPV (Cell Host Microbe) Poliopolis (Lancet) nOPV2 (Polioeradication.org) Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In his weekly clinical update, Dr. Griffin discusses the public health significance of finding autochthonous melioidosis cases in the continental United States, human neural larva migrans caused by Ophidascaris robertsi ascarid, Project nextgen awards over $1.4 billion to develop the future of COVID-19 vaccines and therapeutics, excess all-cause mortality in China after ending the zero COVID policy, international pediatric COVID-19 severity over the course of the pandemic, differences in SARS-CoV-2 specific humoral and cellular immune responses after contralateral and ipsilateral COVID-19 vaccination, Pfizer and BioNTech receive positive CHMP opinion for Omicron XBB.1.5-adapted COVID-19 vaccine in the European Union, clinical antiviral efficacy of Remdesivir in COVID-19, optimal duration of systemic corticosteroids in COVID-19 treatment, clinical outcomes associated with overestimation of oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry in patients hospitalized with COVID-19, risk of autoimmune diseases following COVID-19 and the potential protective effect from vaccination. Click arrow to play Download TWiV 1040 (19 MB .mp3, 27 min) Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Public health significance of finding autochthonous melioidosis cases (PLOS) Human neural larva migrans caused by Ophidascaris robertsi ascarid (EID) Project nextgen awards over $1.4 billion to develop the future of COVID-19 vaccines and therapeutics (HHS) Excess all-cause mortality in China after ending the zero COVID policy (JAMA) International pediatric COVID-19 severity over the course of the pandemic (JAMA) Differences in SARS-CoV-2 specific humoral and cellular immune responses after COVID-19 vaccination (eBioMedicine) Pfizer/BioNTech receive positive CHMP opinion for COVID-19 vaccine in the EU (Pfizer) Clinical antiviral efficacy of Remdesivir in COVID-19 (JID) Optimal duration of systemic corticosteroids in COVID-19 treatment (OFID) Clinical outcomes associated with overestimation of oxygen saturation in patients with COVID-19 (JAMA) Risk of autoimmune diseases following COVID-19 and the potential protective effect from vaccination (eClinicalMedicine) Contribute to our Floating Doctors fundraiser at PWB Letters read on TWiV 1040 Dr. Griffin’s COVID treatment summary (pdf) Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

TWiV describes how a viral capsid protein activates a bacterial innate immune system that interferes with protein synthesis, and human-associated redondoviruses that infect the commensal protozoan Entamoeba gingivalis. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Rich Condit, Kathy Spindler, and Jolene Ramsey Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode MicrobeTV Discord Server MicrobeTV store at Cafepress Research assistant position in Rosenfeld Lab CBER/FDA (pdf) Anti-phage defense via capsid detection (Nature) Redondoviruses infect commensal amoebae (Cell Host Micro) A host for redondoviruses (Nat Rev Micro) Letters read on TWiV 1039 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Weekly Picks Dickson – “Cosmic Time Machine” Netflix documentary Kathy – Antarctican accents Rich – Cymothoa exigua, or the tongue-eating louse, Week of wonder: The case for preserving parasites Jolene – Perspective article on best practices for improving graduate admissions Vincent – Why Chandrayaan-3 landed near the moon’s south pole — and why everyone else wants to get there too Listener Picks Douglas – On Climate Change and (Active) Climate Management Matt – This Scientist Tracked Bats for Decades and Solved a Mystery About a Deadly Disease Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In his weekly clinical update, Dr. Griffin discusses modeling poliovirus transmission and responses in New York State, FDA approves first vaccine for pregnant individuals to prevent RSV in infants, prevention and control of seasonal influenza with vaccines: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, Nirmatrelvir resistance – de novo E166V/L50V mutations in an immunocompromised patient treated with prolonged nirmatrelvir/ritonavir monotherapy leading to clinical and virological treatment failure, incidence of new-onset hypertension post–COVID-19: comparison with influenza, and post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 at 2 years. Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Modeling poliovirus transmission and responses in New York State (JID) FDA approves first vaccine for pregnant individuals to prevent RSV in infants (FDA) Prevention and control of seasonal influenza with vaccines (CDC) De novo E166V/L50V mutations in an immunocompromised patient treated with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (CID) Incidence of new-onset hypertension post–COVID-19 (Hypertension) Postacute sequelae of COVID-19 at 2 years (Nature Medicine) Contribute to our Floating Doctors fundraiser at PWB Letters read on TWiV 1038 Dr. Griffin’s COVID treatment summary (pdf) Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

TWiV reviews evidence that symptomatic adenovirus infection leads to thrombocytopenia, thrombosis, and production of anti-platelet factor 4 antibodies similar to the rare disorder seen after immunization with adenoviral vectored COVID-19 vaccines, and a monoclonal antibody isolated from a SARS survivor, following vaccination with a SARS-CoV-2 spike mRNA vaccine, that neutralizes a broad collection of ACE2-binding sarbecoviruses. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Rich Condit, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode MicrobeTV Discord Server MicrobeTV store at Cafepress Research assistant position in Rosenfeld Lab CBER/FDA (pdf) VITT-like disorder after adenovirus infection (NEJM) The clot thickens (TWiV 842) Lessons from VITT (Nat Rev Immunol) Pan-sarbecovirus neutralizing mAb (Sci Adv) Letters read on TWiV 1037 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Weekly Picks Dickson – Rho Ophiuchi nebula showing massive star formation. James Webb Space Telescope Brianne – Question Mark in Space? Kathy – Quammen interview with Walter Isaacson Rich – Chrome Music Lab Vincent – Matters Microbial Listener Picks Tom – The (second) deadliest virus Charles – We Will All Go Together When We Go and So Long Mom (A Song for World War III) Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In his weekly clinical update, Dr. Griffin discusses Florida local transmission of dengue cases reported in Broward and Miami-Dade counties, infants admitted to US intensive care units for RSV infection during the 2022 seasonal peak, long-term risk of death and readmission after hospital admission with COVID-19 among older adults, safety profile and clinical and virological outcomes of Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir treatment in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease and COVID-19, Fluvoxamine vs placebo for outpatients with symptomatic COVID-19, the effect of corticosteroids, antibiotics, and anticoagulants on the development of post-COVID-19 syndrome in COVID-19 hospitalized patients 6 months after discharge, long COVID and significant activity limitation among adults, incidence of diabetes following COVID-19 vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection in Hong Kong, and diabetes following SARS-CoV-2 infection: Incidence, persistence, and implications of COVID-19 vaccination. Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Florida local transmission of dengue cases (Outbreak News) Infants admitted to US ICU for RSV infection (JAMA) Long term risk of death and readmission after hospital admission with COVID-19 (BMJ) Outcomes of Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir Treatment in patients with Kidney disease and COVID-19 (CID) Fluvoxamine vs placebo for outpatients with symptomatic COVID-19 (OFID) The effect of corticosteroids, antibiotics, and anticoagulants on the development of post-COVID-19 syndrome in hospitalized patients (CEM) Long COVID and significant activity limitation among adults (CDC) Incidence of Diabetes following COVID-19 vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection (PLOS) Diabetes following SARS-CoV-2 infection (BMJ) Contribute to our Floating Doctors fundraiser at PWB Letters read on TWiV 1036 Dr. Griffin’s COVID treatment summary (pdf) Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

TWiV dissects a study of COVID-19 vaccination which shows that the timing of initial rollout affects disease outcomes more substantially than final coverage or degree of socioeconomic disparity, and discovery of a novel cellular defense comprising a nuclease that is activated by poxvirus infection and cleaves a specific tRNA molecule to inhibit protein synthesis. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Rich Condit, Alan Dove, and Brianne Barker Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode MicrobeTV Discord Server MicrobeTV store at Cafepress Research assistant position in Rosenfeld Lab CBER/FDA (pdf) Impact of COVID-19 vaccination trends (Sci Adv) Poxvirus-activated anticodon nuclease (Sci Adv) Letters read on TWiV 1035 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Weekly Picks Brianne – Project Hail Mary Rich – Bird Buddy Alan – Blood, Sweat, and Pixels and Press Reset Vincent – Are microplastics spreading infectious disease? Listener Picks Tom – Henrietta Lacks family settles lawsuit Kathleen – Why Insect Memories May Not Survive Metamorphosis Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In his weekly clinical update, Dr. Griffin discusses the immunogenicity, safety, and preliminary efficacy evaluation of OVX836, a nucleoprotein-based universal influenza A vaccine candidate, association between nose picking and SARS-CoV-2 incidence, a cohort study in hospital health care workers; effect of COVID-19 vaccination and booster on maternal-fetal outcomes, dynamics of inflammatory responses after SARS-CoV-2 infection by vaccination status in the USA, does monoclonal antibody treatment for COVID-19 impact short and long- term outcomes in a large generalizable population, persistent endothelial dysfunction in post-COVID-19 syndrome and its associations with symptom severity and chronic inflammation, core mitochondrial genes are down-regulated during SARS-CoV-2 infection of rodent and human hosts. Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Immunogenicity, safety, and preliminary efficacy evaluation of OVX836, a influenza A vaccine candidate (The Lancet) Association between nose picking and SARS-CoV-2 incidence (PLOSONE) Effect of COVID-19 vaccination and booster on maternal-fetal outcomes (Lancet Digital Health) Dynamics of inflammatory responses after SARS-CoV-2 infection by vaccination status (The Lancet) Does monoclonal antibody treatment for COVID-19 impact short and long-term outcomes (BMJ) Persistent endothelial dysfunction in post-COVID-19 syndrome and its associations with symptom severity and inflammation (Angiogenesis) Core mitochondrial genes are down-regulated during SARS-CoV-2 infection of rodent and human hosts (STM) Contribute to our Floating Doctors fundraiser at PWB Letters read on TWiV 1034 Dr. Griffin’s COVID treatment summary (pdf) Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

Vincent speaks with Desirée Townsend about how she felt used and indoctrinated by the anti-vaxx movement, the science surrounding her autoimmune disorder, and why she is no longer the “flu shot cheerleader,” but a cheerleader for flu shots. Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Desiree on Instagram and LinkedIn ‘Flu-shot cheerleader’ speaks out (NBC) ‘Flu-shot cheerleader’ back with a warning (NBC) Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

TWiV notes the passing of Harald zur Hausen, dengue breaking records in the Americas, inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infection and inflammation by modulation of type I IFN, and an armed nanobody that protects mice against influenza A and B disease. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Kathy Spindler, and Angela Mingarelli Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode MicrobeTV Discord Server MicrobeTV store at Cafepress Position in Rosenfeld Laboratory (pdf) Paul and the Mosquitos (pdf, English) Other childrens books (SMVIROLOGIA) Dengue breaking records in Americas (Nature) Harald zur Hausen, 1936-2023 (Nature) Vincent interviews zur Hausen (ASM) COVID-19 and modulation of IFN (Sci Immunol) Burning down the mouse (TWiV 900) Armed nanobody protects against influenza (Sci Immunol) Click chemistry Nobel prizes (The Nobel Prize) Letters read on TWiV 1033 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Weekly Picks Angela – The Deepest Breath Kathy – Pink snow Vincent – Scientist vs PowerPoint Listener Picks Fernando – The Enigma of Reason by Hugo Mercier and Dan Sperber and Language vs. Reality by Nick Enfield Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv