Gresham College Lectures

Professor Sir Geoffrey Nice KC, a seasoned barrister and former international prosecutor, discusses how legal frameworks can alter our approach to war. He explores the evolution of international humanitarian law and the significance of the Genocide Convention in preventing atrocities. Nice critiques the political reluctance to recognize genocide and emphasizes the value of people's tribunals in giving victims a voice. He questions whether the threat of accountability can deter future conflicts, urging the importance of perseverance in the pursuit of justice.

Melissa Lane, a prominent scholar of Greek and Roman political thought from Princeton, explores the intriguing origins of Athenian democracy. She delves into the 508 BCE uprising that dismantled tyranny, emphasizing Cleisthenes’ pivotal role in reshaping governance. The discussion highlights his innovative reforms like radical redistricting and popular agenda setting. Lane argues that democracy is an ongoing process that necessitates vigilance and adaptability, illustrating how Cleisthenes' strategies forged a participatory political identity for the Athenians.

This lecture is about the meaning of China and being Chinese. It examines critically how the Chinese state, under the control of the Communist Party defines them. It highlights the historical reality that the Chinese Mainland, Hong Kong and Taiwan adopted different political systems. The Communist Party installed a powerful Leninist party-state on the Mainland. Laisses-faire British colonial rule gloomed Hong Kong people to desire democratization. Taiwan has become a vibrant democracy. This lecture address how such realities should influence how we understand China and Chineseness.This lecture was recorded by Steve Tsang on the 15th of October 2025 at Bernards Inn Hall, LondonSteve Tsang is Professor of China Studies and Director of the China Institute, SOAS, London. He is also a Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences and an Emeritus Fellow of St Antony’s College, Oxford. He previously served as the Head of the School of Contemporary Chinese Studies and as Director of the China Policy Institute at the University of Nottingham.  Before that he spent 29 years at Oxford University, where he earned his D.Phil. and worked as a Professorial Fellow, Dean, and Director of the Asian Studies Centre at St Antony’s College. He has a broad area of research interest and has published extensively, including five single authored and fourteen collaborative books.  His latest (with Olivia Cheung) is The Political Thought of Xi Jinping (Oxford University Press, 2024).  He is currently completing a new book, ‘China’s Global Strategy under Xi Jinping’, which will be published by OUP in 2026. The transcript of the lecture is available from the Gresham College website: https://www.gresham.ac.uk/watch-now/china-lessonsGresham College has offered free public lectures for over 400 years, thanks to the generosity of our supporters. There are currently over 2,500 lectures free to access. We believe that everyone should have the opportunity to learn from some of the greatest minds. To support Gresham College's mission, please consider making a donation: https://www.gresham.ac.uk/get-involved/support-us/make-donation/donate-today Website:  https://gresham.ac.ukX: https://x.com/GreshamCollegeFacebook: https://facebook.com/greshamcollegeInstagram: https://instagram.com/greshamcollegeBluesky: https://bsky.app/profile/greshamcollege.bsky.social TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@greshamcollegeSupport Us: https://www.gresham.ac.uk/get-involved/support-us/make-donation/donate-todaySupport the show

Watch the Q&A session here: https://youtu.be/3LrIEG26m78War's environmental legacies disproportionately burden the civilian populations left behind. While research focuses on combatant exposures, civilians face chronic contamination from heavy metals, chemical residues, unexploded ordnance, and asbestos, often exacerbated by disrupted infrastructure and psychological trauma. Framed through the exposome, this lecture highlights the need for greater research and policy focus on these long-term, low-level exposures and their impact on civilian health, advocating for remediation, care, and environmental justice.This lecture was recorded by Dr Ian Mudway on 14th October 2025 at Barnard's Inn Hall, LondonIan is Visiting Professor of Environmental Health.He is a senior lecturer in the School of Public Health at Imperial, a member of the MRC Centre for Environment and Health; MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma and the NIHR-PHE Health Protection Research Units in Environmental Exposures and Health and Chemical and Radiation Threats and Hazards.The transcript and downloadable versions of the lecture are available from the Gresham College website: https://www.gresham.ac.uk/watch-now/toxic-warGresham College has offered free public lectures for over 400 years, thanks to the generosity of our supporters. There are currently over 2,500 lectures free to access. We believe that everyone should have the opportunity to learn from some of the greatest minds. To support Gresham's mission, please consider making a donation: https://gresham.ac.uk/support/Website:  https://gresham.ac.ukTwitter:  https://twitter.com/greshamcollegeFacebook: https://facebook.com/greshamcollegeInstagram: https://instagram.com/greshamcollegeThe transcript and downloadable versions of the lecture are available from the Gresham College website:https://www.gresham.ac.uk/watch-now/Gresham College has offered free public lectures for over 400 years, thanks to the generosity of our supporters. There are currently over 2,500 lectures free to access. We believe that everyone should have the opportunity to learn from some of the greatest minds. To support Gresham's mission, please consider making a donation: https://gresham.ac.uk/support/Website:  https://gresham.ac.ukTwitter:  https://twitter.com/greshamcollegeFacebook: https://facebook.com/greshamcollegeInstagram: https://instagram.com/greshamcollegeSupport the show

How is mathematical knowledge recorded and preserved across generations? Contrary to the idea that mathematics itself is somehow ‘permanent’, in this talk we will explore heritage-making in mathematics, that is the people, institutions, and material objects that can give mathematical ideas longevity. We will explore the heritage-making found in two very different types of French nineteenth-century libraries: those of famous mathematicians and those of secondary schools. We will especially focus on how the recording – and forgetting – of mathematical ideas is influenced by their publishing, political, and intellectual contexts.This lecture was recorded by Professor Caroline Ehrhardt on 8th October 2025 at Barnard’s Inn Hall, London.Caroline Ehrhardt is Professor of History of Science and Deputy Director of IDHE.S at Université Paris 8 professor in history of science at the Université Paris 8 (France). Her research concerns the history of mathematics in France and Europe (1789–1914). She has published on Evariste Galois, on Galois theory and on mathematics education.Caroline is currently coordinating a collective project funded by the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche, entitled ‘Heritage and patrimonialisation of mathematics, 18th-20th centuries’. She also focuses on the practice of mathematics within French life insurance companies, on interactions between the mathematical and actuarial communities, and the production of mortality tables.The transcript and downloadable versions of the lecture are available from the Gresham College website: https://www.gresham.ac.uk/watch-now/heritage-mathsGresham College has offered free public lectures for over 400 years, thanks to the generosity of our supporters. There are currently over 2,500 lectures free to access. We believe that everyone should have the opportunity to learn from some of the greatest minds. To support Gresham's mission, please consider making a donation: https://gresham.ac.uk/support/Website:  https://gresham.ac.ukTwitter:  https://twitter.com/greshamcollegeFacebook: https://facebook.com/greshamcollegeInstagram: https://instagram.com/greshamcollegeSupport the show

The natural world faces unprecedented threats, challenging historical perceptions of nature as inexhaustible. Photographer Tim Flach draws on his acclaimed works, including Endangered, More Than Human, and Birds, to reveal how photography transcends traditional wildlife representation. By employing critical anthropomorphism and human portraiture techniques, Flach’s images foster empathy and kinship with animals. Collaborating with social scientists, he illustrates how visual storytelling evokes emotional responses and inspires conservation action, showcasing the profound intersection of art, science, and social awareness in the Anthropocene.This lecture was recorded by Tim Flach on the 2nd of October 2025 at Barnards Inn Hall, LondonRenowned photographer Tim Flach is known for his stylised animal portraits. He has dedicated his career to documenting biodiversity and conveying empathy for our planet’s endangered creatures. Driven by a desire to share stories of the natural world, he collaborates with scientists to research how imagery can better lead to pro-environmental outcomes. He has seven main bodies of work which have been exhibited worldwide, including shows at the Museums of Natural History, from Paris to Beijing. He has six internationally award-winning books translated into multiple languages. His latest publication, Feline, is scheduled for release in Fall 2025. Tim holds an Honorary Doctorate from the University of the Arts London (Norwich) and is an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Photographic Society. He is a Senior Research Fellow (Artist in Residence) at the Centre for Eudaimonia and Human Flourishing, University of Oxford, and currently serves as President of the Association of Photographers.The transcript of the lecture is available from the Gresham College website: https://www.gresham.ac.uk/watch-now/animal-portraitureGresham College has offered free public lectures for over 400 years, thanks to the generosity of our supporters. There are currently over 2,500 lectures free to access. We believe that everyone should have the opportunity to learn from some of the greatest minds. To support Gresham College's mission, please consider making a donation: https://www.gresham.ac.uk/get-involved/support-us/make-donation/donate-todayWebsite:  https://gresham.ac.ukX: https://x.com/GreshamCollegeFacebook: https://facebook.com/greshamcollegeInstagram: https://instagram.com/greshamcollegeBluesky: https://bsky.app/profile/greshamcollege.bsky.social TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@greshamcollegeSupport Us: https://www.gresham.ac.uk/get-involved/support-us/make-donation/donate-todaySupport the show

Robin May, a Professor of Infectious Disease at the University of Birmingham, delves into the biology and psychology of fear. He explores fear's evolutionary role as a survival mechanism and its complex nature within the brain, highlighting how the amygdala drives responses. May discusses panic disorders, assessing genetic influences and physiological triggers. He intriguingly links gut microbiomes and microbes like Toxoplasma to fear responses. The talk concludes with insights into applying fear biology to enhance crowd safety and aid treatment.

In this engaging discussion, Alec Ryrie, a historian specializing in the Reformation and modern Christian thought, tackles profound cultural shifts since World War II. He examines how moral authority transitioned from Jesus to Hitler, revealing the fragility of our current moral framework. Ryrie critiques the limitations of anti-Nazi values and proposes that both conservatives and progressives could benefit from integrating deeper traditions. He advocates for a synthesis of ideas to enrich moral discourse and encourage shared human flourishing.

Dive into the mysteries of the universe's end! Explore the lifecycle of our Sun, Earth's fate, and the enigma of dark energy. Learn about cosmic expansion, the Big Crunch, and the role of entropy in shaping our universe's destiny. Chris Lintott discusses mind-bending concepts like Boltzmann brains and the potential of universes reproducing. Reflect on the philosophical implications of a bleak cosmic future as music weaves through these profound ideas. It's a journey that leaves you pondering both the universe's end and its intricate beginnings.

Matt Jones, a computer scientist at Swansea University, dives into the intriguing intersection of AI and human life. He explores themes like whether AI will enhance or diminish human achievement, and what the rapid progress of AI means for our future. Jones contrasts human creativity with machine output, raising questions about trust in AI systems. He touches on risks like deepfakes, advocates for empowering technology, and reasons for hope, suggesting a more optimistic future for human-AI collaboration.