History Unplugged Podcast

In this engaging conversation, Thomas Levenson, author of "So Very Small," uncovers the intriguing history of microbes and public health. He explains why it took over 200 years for the medical community to link germs to disease, despite their early discovery. Levenson highlights revolutionary figures like Edward Jenner and Florence Nightingale, whose innovations shifted public health from ignorance to action. He also touches on the antibiotic era, emphasizing the urgent need for responsible use as resistance grows, reminding us of the ongoing battle against infectious diseases.

The story of the atomic age began decades before Robert Oppenheimer watched a mushroom cloud form over the New Mexico desert at the Trinity nuclear test in mid 1945. It begins in 1895, with Henri Becquerel’s accidental discovery of radioactivity, setting in motion a series of remarkable and horrifying events. By the early 20th century, a brilliant group of scientists—including Ernest Rutherford, Leo Szilard, Enrico Fermi, and others—were pushing the boundaries of knowledge, seeking to answer fundamental questions about this source of energy that had 2 million times the energy density of oil: What is this mysterious radiation? Could it provide an infinite energy source, where a basketball of it was equal to an oil field? And, ominously, could it be weaponized? Today’s guest is nuclear physicist Frank Close, author of “Destroyer of Worlds: The Deep History of the Nuclear Age.” We look at the complete history of the atomic age, from the initial curiosity about radioactivity to the creation of the hydrogen bomb—a weapon of almost unimaginable destructive potential, capable of eradicating life on Earth. This is an account of the scientific discoveries that unlocked the atom’s power, the ethical dilemmas faced by scientists, and the horrifying realization that this newfound energy could lead to humanity’s undoing.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The B-29 Bomber led the Allied strategic bombing offensive against Japan, succeeding when US Bomber Command switched from high-level daytime precision bombing to low-level nighttime area bombing. The latter tactic required Superfortresses to attack their targets individually, without a formation or escorting fighters for protection. Despite this, Japanese night fighters proved unable to stop the B-29s. This success was a testament to the B-29’s incredible capabilities, including its ability to carry up to 20,000 pounds of bombs over vast distances exceeding 3,000 miles, and its advanced pressurized cabin, which allowed crews to operate effectively at altitudes above 30,000 feet—far beyond the reach of most enemy interceptors. Coupled with its sophisticated remote-controlled gun turrets and a top speed of 350 mph, the B-29’s design showcased an unmatched blend of range, payload, and defensive prowess that overwhelmed Japanese defenses. Today’s guest, Mark Lardas, author of “B-29 Superfortress vs Japanese Nightfighter.” He examines the capabilities of the aircraft involved, and reveals the conditions under which both sides fought. He evaluates the cutting-edge technology of both sides and how it affected the outcome of the battleSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Throughout the war on the Eastern Front, there were two consistent trends. The Red Army battled to learn how to fight and win, while involved in a struggle for its very survival. But by 1944 it had a leadership that was able to wield it with lethal effect and with far more effective equipment than before. By contrast, the Wehrmacht had commenced a slow process of decline after the invasion of the Soviet Union. Hitler became increasingly unwilling to delegate decision-making to commanders in the field, which had been crucial to earlier success. The long years of fighting had also taken a heavy toll. Thousands of irreplaceable junior officers and NCOs were dead, wounded or prisoners.Today’s guest is Prit Buttar, author of “Bagration 1944: The Great Soviet Offensive.” We look at these trends, which culminated in the huge battles of Bagration. In 1944, the Red Army finally put together a campaign that utterly destroyed the German Army Group Centre. The Wehrmacht suffered the loss of over 300,000 men killed, wounded or taken prisoner and the Red Army rolled forward across Belarus to the outskirts of Warsaw. The end of the war was still many months away, and the Germans managed to reconstruct their line on the Eastern Front, but final victory for the Soviet Union was now only a matter of time as a direct consequence of Bagration.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Pilgrimages are a universal phenomenon, from China’s bustling Tai Shan to the ancient Jewish treks to Jerusalem. But why? What is it about a grueling penitent march to an isolated temple that has become a prerequisite for a civilization of any size, whether Chicen Itza in the Mayan Empire or the holy sites of Mecca? To explore this is today’s guest, Kathryn Hurlock, author of “Holy Places: How Pilgrimages Changed the World.” We also look at whether pilgrimages have become too easy in the 21st century. Has jetting off to Mecca or Rome for a quick indulgence turned them into spiritual tourism, a la Disneyland?See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Michael Jarvis, a historian and archaeologist known for his extensive work on Bermuda, reveals the island's surprising significance in colonial America. He discusses how Bermuda became England’s first profitable plantation by pioneering tobacco cultivation and using enslaved labor. With insights from his 14 years of archaeological work, he highlights Bermuda's role in supplying Jamestown and its influence on early colonial practices. Jarvis argues that far from being a mere footnote, Bermuda is a crucial cornerstone of America's origin story.

Jennifer Bennie, host of the Walk With History podcast, dives into the infamous Hatfield-McCoy feud, which erupted over a stolen pig. The conversation reveals how a simple argument spiraled into violent confrontations that nearly escalated into regional war. Bennie highlights the pivotal moments, including the brutal New Year's Day massacre and the deeper cultural implications of the conflict. Listeners also learn about the feud's legacy, its reflection of rural justice during a lawless era, and its lasting impact on American folklore.

Padraic Scanlan, author of "Rot: An Imperial History of the Irish Famine," delves into the catastrophic Irish Potato Famine of 1845. He explains how a biological blight resulted in an unprecedented human tragedy, uniquely devastating Ireland while other regions fared better. The discussion reveals the complex interplay of British imperial policies that exacerbated the famine, transforming Ireland into a nation reliant on potatoes and critiquing the inadequate governmental response. Scanlan highlights the legacy and modern implications of this historical crisis.

Caleb Franz, author of 'The Conductor', dives into the life of Reverend John Rankin, a pivotal yet often overlooked figure in the abolitionist movement. He highlights Rankin's role as a 'conductor' on the Underground Railroad, providing refuge for escaping slaves while facing violent opposition. The discussion sheds light on Rankin’s ability to present abolitionism as a centrist cause, bridging divides among fervent abolitionists and more moderate supporters. Franz also explores Rankin’s enduring legacy and influence on prominent figures like Harriet Beecher Stowe.

Joyce Chaplin, author of "The Franklin Stove: An Unintended American Revolution," discusses Benjamin Franklin’s ingenious stove invention designed to combat the Little Ice Age. She reveals how Franklin blended science with practicality, addressing heating challenges and deforestation. The conversation highlights the global spread of the stove and its influence on early American life. Chaplin also draws parallels to today's climate crises, emphasizing the relevance of Franklin's innovations in contemporary environmental debates.