The History of Egypt

Amunhotep II (Part 4): Worshiping the Sphinx.Before he became king, Amunhotep II made a promise to embellish and restore monuments on the Giza Plateau. Once Pharaoh, he fulfilled his promise beautifully. As he did so, he introduced a new chapter in Egypt's religious history... Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments.  Music by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.com. Select Bibliography: Aidan Dodson, Amarna Sunrise, 2014. Selim Hassan, The Great Sphinx and Its Secrets, 1953. Stéphane Pasquali, “Baraize Excavations 1933 – 1934 at Giza,” Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt, 2009. William Kelly Simpson, “Reshep in Egypt,” Orientalia, 1960. Richard H. Wilkinson, The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt, 2003. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Amunhotep II (Part 3): Slavery and the Bible. In 1435 BCE, King Amunhotep II led a devastating war in Syria. He took thousands of captives and transported them to Egypt by force. Once there, they became captive workers of the Egyptian elite. Was this the historical inspiration for the Biblical "Captivity"? We go in search of answers... Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Music by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.com. Additional Music by Michael Levy www.ancientlyre.com. Select Bibliography: Osiris.net – Tomb of Nakht (website) Yohanan Aharoni, “Some Geographical Remarks Concerning the Geography of the Campaigns of Amenhotep II,” Journal of Near Eastern Studies, 1960. Manfred Bietak, “Peru-Nefer: The Principle New Kingdom Naval Base,” Egyptian Archaeology, 2009. Edwin C.M. van den Brink, Tombs and Burial Customs at Tell el-Dab’a, 1982. Barbara Cummings, Egyptian Historical Records of the Later Eighteenth Dynasty, 1982. Norman de Garis Davies, The Tomb of Ken-Amun at Thebes, 1917. Norman de Garis Davies, The Tomb of Rekh-mi-Re at Thebes, 1944. James K. Hoffmeier, “Out of Egypt,” Ancient Israel and the Exodus, 2012. A. Lucas, Ancient Egyptian Materials and Industries, 4th Edition 1989. Peter der Manuelian, Studies in the Reign of Amenophis II, 1987. Patrick E. McGovern, Ancient Wine: The Search for the Origins of Viniculture, 2013. Google Books. Ellen Fowles Morris, The Architecture of Imperialism, 2005. Ellen Morris, “Mitanni Enslaved: Prisoners of War, Pride, and Productivity in a New Imperial Regime,” Creativity and Innovation in the Reign of Hatshepsut, 2014. Paul T. Nicholson & Ian Shaw, Ancient Egyptian Materials and Technology, 2003. Google Books. William H. Peck, The Material World of Ancient Egypt, 2013. James B. Pritchard, “Syrians as Pictured in the Paintings of the Theban Tombs,” Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 1951. Anson F. Rainey, “Whence Came the Israelites and Their Language?” Israel Exploration Journal, 2007. Anson F. Rainey, “Unruly Elements in Late Bronze Canaanite Society,” Pomegranates and Golden Bells: Studies in Biblical, Jewish, and Near Eastern Ritual, Law, and Literature in Honor of Jacob Milgrom 1995. Catharine A. Roehrig, Life Along the Nile: Three Egyptians of Ancient Thebes, 2002. J.J. Shirley, “Kenamun/Qenamun,” The Encyclopedia of Ancient History, 2013. William Kelly Simpson (editor), The Literature of Ancient Egypt, 2003. Barbara J. Sivertsen, The Parting of the Sea, 2009. Rachael Thyrza Sparks, “Canaan in Egypt: Archaeological Evidence for a Social Phenomenon,” Invention and Innovation: Social Context of Technological Change (2), 2004. B.G. Trigger et al., Ancient Egypt: A Social History, 1983. William A. Ward, “The Shasu ‘Bedouin’: Notes on a Recent Publication,” Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 1972. William A. Ward, “Foreigners Living in the Village,” Pharaoh’s Workers: The Villagers of Deir el-Medina, 1994. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Amunhotep II (Part 2): The Pharaoh's Aide.In 1440 BCE, a servant of Pharaoh inscribed his tomb with a remarkable text detailing every aspect of his job. What was life like, for one of Egypt's most important officials? Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Select Bibliography: G.P.F. van den Boorn, The Duties of the Vizier, 1988. Peter der Manuelian, Studies in the Reign of Amenophis II, 1987. B.G. Trigger et al., Ancient Egypt: A Social History, 1983. Aidan Dodson, Amarna Sunrise, 2014. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Religious Year (Part 5): Worshipping Snakes and Cats.The fifth month was an interesting one, involving worship of snakes, and cats sailing down the Nile. Major gods of this month include Neheb-Kau, Bastet, Shesmet-et, Wadjet and Mut. We meet a few of these strange deities and see why snakes and cats went hand-in-hand... Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments.  Select Bibliography: Richard H. Wilkinson, The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt, 2003. Anthony Spalinger, “Ancient Egyptian Calendars,” in C.L.N. Ruggles (ed.),  Handbook of Archaeoastronomy and Ethnoastronomy, 2015. Alan W. Shorter, “The God Nehebkau,” The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology (1935). Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Amunhotep II (Part 1): The Sportsman King.From 1459 to 1440 BCE, the prince Amunhotep II enjoyed a privileged upbringing. Once he ascended to power, he displayed his prowess to all and sundry. From the battlefield to the sports field, Amunhotep set out to make his name... Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments.  Select Bibliography: Peter der Manuelian, Studies in the Reign of Amenophis II, 1987. Betsy M. Bryan, The Reign of Thutmose IV, 1991. W. Vivian Davies, “The British Museum epigraphic survey at Tombos: the stela of Usersatet and Hekaemsasen,” British Museum Studies in Ancient Egypt and Sudan (2009). John Coleman Darnell, “The Stela of the Viceroy Usersatet (Boston MFA 25.632), his Shrine at Qasr Ibrim, and the Festival of Nubian Tribute under Amenhotep II,” ENiM (2014). Aidan Dodson, Amarna Sunrise, 2014. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Thutmose III (Part 10): The End of a Mighty Reign.From 1450 to 1441, Thutmose lived out the last nine years of his reign. He commanded one last expedition; oversaw building projects, and brought his tomb to completion. Finally, he had to prepare for the succession, and his own inevitable death... Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Correction: at 48:10, I refer to the date of Amunhotep II's co-regency as 1441. This should be 1444 BCE.  Select Bibliography:Articles Anson F. Rainey, “Amenhotep II’s Campaign to Takshy,” Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt (1973) JSTOR. Donald B. Redford, “The Coregency of Thutmosis III and Amenophis III,” Journal of Egyptian Archaeology (1965) JSTOR. George A. Reisner, “The Viceroys of Nubia,” Journal of Egyptian Archaeology (1920) JSTOR. Barbara A. Richter, “The Amduat and Its Relationship to the Architecture of Early 18th Dynasty Royal Burial Chambers,” Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt (2008) JSTOR. Books Eric Cline & David O’Connor (eds.), Thutmose III: A New Biography, 2006. Erik Hornung, The Ancient Egyptian Books of the Afterlife, 1999. Peter der Manuelian, Studies in the Reign of Amenophis II, 1987. H.S. Smith & W. B. Emery, The Fortress of Buhen, 1971-1979. Richard H. Wilkinson & Kent R. Weeks (eds.) The Oxford Handbook of the Valley of the Kings, 2016. Richard H. Wilkinson & Nicholas Reeves, The Complete Valley of the Kings, 2008. Websites University College London – website SLU – website Bernard M. Adams “My Luxor” – website Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Religious Year (Part 4): Hathor and Osiris.In the fourth month of the year, the Egyptians celebrated the end of the Nile flood (Akhet). With grand ceremonies to Hathor, Osiris and the god Sokar, they brought the first season of the year to a close. Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments.  Select Bibliography: Stuart Tyson-Smith, “Raising the Djed-Pillar” (PDF) Richard H. Wilkinson, The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt, 2003. University College London – Khoiak (Website) UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology – Sokar (Website) Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Thutmose III (Part 9): Home and Propaganda. From 1455-1450 BCE, Thutmose spent much of his time involved in domestic affairs. Unfortunately, this involved some very harsh policies towards his immediate predecessor...Update: Thutmose III probably reburied some of his immediate successors. In 2023, archaeologists may have found a tomb associated with one of these rulers. More information in the episode "News from the Field (2023 Review)" and on the website. Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments.  Select Bibliography: Eric H. Cline and David O’Connor (eds.), Thutmose III: A New Biography, 2006. Sue D’Auria, “The Princess Baketamun,” Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 69 (1983) (JSTOR). Vanessa Davies, “Hatshepsut’s Use of Thutmosis III in Her Program of Legitimation,” Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt 41 (2004) (JSTOR). Aidan Dodson and Dyan Hilton, The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt, 2004. Aidan Dodson, “Crown Prince Djhutmose and the Royal Sons of the Eighteenth Dynasty,” Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 76 (199) (JSTOR). Aidan Dodson, “Thutmosis III: Family Man,” The Ostracon: The Journal of the Egyptian Study Society 15, 2004. Nicolas Grimal, A History of Ancient Egypt, 1992. Dimitri Laboury, “Portrait versus Ideal Image” – UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology (Website). Dimitri Laboury, “Royal Portrait and Ideology: Evolution and Signification of the Statuary of Thutmose III,” Thutmose III: A New Biography, 2006 (Academia.edu). H. E. Winlock, “Notes on the Reburial of Thutmosis I,” Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, 15 (1929) (JSTOR). Scott Woodward, “Geneaology of New Kingdom Pharaohs and Queens,” Archaeology 49 (1996) (JSTOR). Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Thutmose III (Part 8): The Final Campaigns. After 20+ years of near-annual campaigning, Thutmose III finally came to the end of his military career. We explore the last ten years of this process in one sweep: successes (and failures) abound... Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments.  Select Bibliography: Donald B. Redford, The Wars in Syria and Canaan of Thutmose III, 2003. Donald B. Redford, Egypt, Canaan and Israel in Ancient Times, 1992. Ellen Fowles Morris, The Architecture of Imperialism, 2005. Richard A. Gabriel, Thutmose III: A Military Biography, 2009. Colleen Manassa, Imagining the Past: Historical Fiction in New Kingdom Egypt, 2013. James K. Hoffmeier, “Aspects of Egyptian Foreign Policy in the 18th Dynasty in Western Asia and Nubia,” Penn State 2001. Norman de Garis Davies, “Foreigners in the Tomb of Amenemhab (No. 85),” Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 1934. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The religious year (Part 3): Worshipping Hathor.The month of Hathor saw a concentrated effort on renewing fertility energies in the natural world. Festivals to the male god of sexual energy, and the widow and sister of Osiris dominated the time. Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments.  Select Bibliography: Toby Wilkinson, The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt, 2003. UCL – Festival Dates (website) Ancient Egypt Online – The Calendar (website) The Lamentations of Isis and Nephthys: Ancient.eu (website) Ancient Egyptian Literature (pdf) Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices