Tadej Pogačar, a three-time Tour de France champion, shares his extraordinary journey through competitive cycling. He discusses his triumphant 2020 Tour victory and the challenges he faced in 2022 and 2023. Listeners learn about his rigorous training strategies, including simulating steep climbs and tracking key metrics like heart rate and power. Tadej also reveals his on-bike nutrition tactics, emphasizing optimal carbohydrate intake for performance. With aspirations for future races, he offers insights into the mental resilience needed to stay at the top.

Marty Makary, a Johns Hopkins surgeon and New York Times bestselling author, discusses his book, 'Blind Spots.' He highlights medical groupthink and cognitive dissonance, particularly in treatments for appendicitis and the peanut allergy epidemic. Makary advocates for reforming medical education and practices, critiquing outdated guidelines that have led to widespread health issues. He emphasizes the need for innovation in healthcare, greater skepticism among practitioners, and a shift in how maternal and neonatal care is approached.

Hair loss can significantly impact emotional health and quality of life. The discussion covers androgenic alopecia, focusing on its causes and how it differs between men and women. Key treatments like minoxidil and finasteride are examined, along with the pros and cons of hair transplantation methods. Genetic factors, particularly the role of dihydrotestosterone, are explored in relation to various hair loss patterns. Selecting the right specialist is also emphasized for effective treatment.

Annie Duke, a former World Series of Poker champion and author, shares her expertise on decision-making. She discusses how poker serves as a model for navigating uncertainty and incomplete information. Annie emphasizes the importance of broadening our decision-making perspectives beyond negative outcomes, which fosters risk aversion. She introduces backcasting as a strategy to visualize future goals and reverse-engineer actions. The conversation also covers the comparison of decision-making in poker versus chess, offering insights into probabilistic thinking and learning frameworks.

Sebastian Junger, an award-winning journalist and bestselling author, shares his transformative near-death experience that reshaped his understanding of life and mortality. He discusses the profound insights he gained about gratitude, emotional awareness, and the randomness of existence. Junger explores the intersection of physics and philosophy while contemplating the afterlife. His journey reveals the delicate balance between life and death, urging listeners to reflect on their beliefs and the sacredness of everyday moments.

David Allison, a leading expert in obesity and nutrition, discusses the evolving landscape of nutrition science and obesity treatment. He highlights the complex relationships between nutrition, weight, and body composition, and critiques historical public health policies. The conversation delves into the controversial rise of GLP-1 receptor agonists and their ethical implications. Additionally, Allison addresses protein intake recommendations and the significant research gaps that still exist, advocating for higher standards in nutrition research.

Dive into fascinating health insights as the host explores the role of uric acid in various diseases, especially its connection to cardiovascular issues. Discover dietary and lifestyle factors affecting uric acid levels and effective management tips. Transitioning to protein, learn how it influences appetite and weight management, along with the protein leverage hypothesis that links deficiency to obesity. The discussion even includes practical strategies to incorporate optimal protein intake into your diet!

George A. Brooks, Ph.D., a leading professor at UC Berkeley, shares groundbreaking insights into lactate, reshaping its image from mere waste to vital fuel. He clarifies common misconceptions, highlights lactate's role in brain health, and discusses its implications for type 2 diabetes and cancer. Brooks delves into how rigorous training enhances lactate management, drawing on historical studies and contemporary research. He emphasizes lactate's potential therapeutic applications, underlining its significance in recovery and athletic performance.

Peter, a leading authority on longevity and health, dives into essential concepts like lifespan and healthspan. He outlines key strategies to improve both, stressing the importance of exercise and nutrition, even later in life. The discussion tackles major causes of death, emphasizing prevention and the significance of metabolic health. Peter also explores the links between genetics, environment, and diseases like cancer and Alzheimer's. Ultimately, he highlights how lifestyle choices and sleep play pivotal roles in longevity.

Internationally recognized urologist Ted Schaeffer discusses the complex relationship between testosterone and prostate cancer. He explains the androgen receptor saturation theory and the use of the Decipher test for predicting cancer aggressiveness. Ted also touches on safe testosterone replacement therapy administration and advancements in prostate cancer therapies.