Dan Snow's History Hit

Popes have shaped the history of the world. The Catholic Church has had a Pope for two thousand years, the first- tradition dictates- was St Peter, the fisherman turned disciple of Jesus. Pope 'Leo the Great' stared down Atilla the Hun at the gates of Rome while Pope Innocent III made it his mission to convert the Anglo-Saxons and spread Christianity across Europe.In this episode, Dan is joined by Jessica Wärnberg, author of City of Echoes: A New History of Rome, Its Popes and People, to examine the origins of the Pope's role, how the Pope became such a powerful and influential figure outside of the Catholic Church, and which popes, for better or worse, have shaped the course of history.This episode was first released in August 2023Produced by James Hickmann & edited by Dougal PatmoreSign up to History Hit for hundreds of hours of original documentaries, with a new release every week and ad-free podcasts. Sign up at https://www.historyhit.com/subscribe.We'd love to hear your feedback - you can take part in our podcast survey here: https://insights.historyhit.com/history-hit-podcast-always-on.You can also email the podcast directly at ds.hh@historyhit.com.

On 19th April, 1775, just over 250 years ago, the opening salvos of the American Revolutionary War were fired at the battles of Lexington and Concord. Elite British Redcoats went head-to-head with the famed provincial Minutemen in bloody skirmishes across the Province of Massachusetts Bay. Ultimately, the British were forced to retreat, and the provincial victory galvanised colonial support for the cause of independence.In today's Explainer episode, Dan travels to the sites of these momentous battles and takes us through that day from beginning to end - how did a political crisis transform into open rebellion, and what would it have been like to actually be there?Written and produced by Dan Snow, and edited by Dougal Patmore.Sign up to History Hit for hundreds of hours of original documentaries, with a new release every week and ad-free podcasts. Sign up at https://www.historyhit.com/subscribe.We'd love to hear your feedback - you can take part in our podcast survey here: https://insights.historyhit.com/history-hit-podcast-always-on.You can also email the podcast directly at ds.hh@historyhit.com.

Antony Beevor, a renowned military historian and author of 'Berlin: The Downfall 1945', joins to dissect the catastrophic Battle of Berlin. He details the strategic failures of the German forces and the chilling psychological state of Hitler in the Führerbunker. Beevor unveils the harrowing experiences of Berlin's civilians amid chaos and urban warfare, highlighting brutal tactics from both the Red Army and German defenders. His insights provide a profound understanding of this pivotal moment that sealed the fate of the Nazi regime.

In this riveting discussion, bestselling author and journalist Thomas Harding reflects on the liberation of Bergen-Belsen by British troops 80 years ago. He vividly describes the unimaginable conditions faced by inmates and the haunting impact on the liberators. Harding delves into the high mortality rates among survivors and the complexities surrounding the British response, highlighting both the compassion shown and the criticisms faced. His insights prompt urgent questions about humanitarianism in the face of atrocity.

Tim Maltin, a world-leading Titanic expert, dives into the infamous ship's tragic fate, debunking myths and revealing underreported insights. He discusses the critical errors made in distress signals and the chaos during evacuation efforts. Maltin explores the decisions made by Captain Smith and the emotional toll on survivors, as well as the stark realities of lifeboat shortages. He reflects on the Titanic's lasting legacy and the societal changes it prompted. This gripping analysis sheds light on how the 'unsinkable' ship met its demise.

Join Evan Maudsley, a former International History professor and author, as he delves into the Soviet Union's decisive march towards Berlin in 1945. Discover how Operation Bagration dismantled the German Army and explore the stark contrasts in narratives between Eastern and Western perspectives. Evan discusses Stalin's strategic decisions and how Hitler's waning offensive in Hungary reflected his misguided priorities. Uncover the intricacies of urban warfare in Berlin and the complex legacy of the Red Army's advance through Eastern Europe.

Duncan Brack, an expert analyst and policy advisor, joins the conversation to explore the impact of trade tariffs in early 20th-century Britain. They delve into the historical trade policies that fueled political upheaval and contrasts between protectionism and free trade. Brack highlights how these past tariff battles are eerily similar to today's global challenges. The discussion also touches on the rise of free market ideologies and the necessity for government intervention to support communities in the face of shifting trade dynamics.

Sinclair McKay, a historian and author of 'Saint Petersburg: Sacrifice and Redemption in the City That Defied Hitler', shares the fascinating history of Saint Petersburg, from its founding by Peter the Great to its role in modern Russia. He discusses the city's dramatic transformation into a cultural capital and its pivotal role during the Russian Revolution. The brutal Siege of Leningrad is examined, highlighting the resilience of its citizens amid starvation and despair, ultimately leading to the emergence of influential figures, including Vladimir Putin.

Christopher Harding, a cultural historian specializing in Japan, discusses the fascinating evolution of the Samurai, once revered warriors who became bureaucrats during Japan's peaceful era. He explores the significant Battle of Dan-no-ura, the decline of imperial authority, and how cultural shifts impacted samurai status. Harding delves into the enduring legacy of the Samurai spirit in modern Japan and its potential revival as younger generations reassess concepts of identity and patriotism in a changing world.

Discover the riveting exploits of Francis Drake as he transforms from a commoner to England's naval hero. The podcast delves into his daring raids against Spanish territories and his eye-catching leadership during the Spanish Armada. Each military maneuver showcases his strategic brilliance amidst rising tensions with Spain. The chaotic battles, including the fabled fire ships, reshaped naval strategy forever. Finally, explore the bittersweet legacy of Drake, whose contributions to maritime ambition left an indelible mark on English history.