
The Permanent Problem
In dozens of provocative essays published on his Substack and cross-posted here, Brink Lindsey has explored what John Maynard Keynes called humanity’s “permanent problem:” the quest to “live wisely and agreeably and well” with the vast resources and powers that capitalist prosperity has bestowed upon us. That quest, unfortunately, has gone awry in the 21st century.
In Lindsey’s analysis, capitalism is now experiencing a “triple crisis”: a crisis of dynamism, as economic and technological progress had slowed; a crisis of inclusion, as a deep new class divide has opened up along educational lines; and a crisis of politics, our best hope for addressing the other two crises, as the values, norms, and institutions of liberal democracy are now embattled around the world.
Beginning in January 2024, Lindsey started the Permanent Problem podcast to supplement his ongoing essay series. The podcast focuses on capitalism’s triple crisis – and especially on the prospects for defusing the crisis and revitalizing social progress.
Brink Lindsey, the podcast host, is a senior vice president at the Niskanen Center. You can access his essays on “The Permanent Problem” on his Substack and here.
You can find all episodes of the podcast on his Substack, here, Spotify, Stitcher, or wherever you listen to your podcasts.
Latest episodes

Apr 23, 2025 • 58min
Christianity and democracy, with Jonathan Rauch
While the formal separation of church and state is a vital element of America's constitutional order, the success of our long-running experiment in self-government has always depended on a healthy interdependence between republican freedom and religious faith. So argues Jonathan Rauch in his new book Cross Purposes: Christianity's Broken Bargain with Democracy. "In American civic life, Christianity is a load-bearing wall," writes. "When it buckles, all the institutions around it come under stress, and some of them buckle, too."On this episode of The Permanent Problem podcast, Rauch joins host Brink Lindsey to discuss secularization and the rapid decline of organized Christianity in recent decades -- in Rauch's words, the combination of "thin Christianity" in the mainline denominations and increasingly "sharp Christianity" among self-described evangelicals. They examine the underlying causes of these developments, how they stoke polarization and undermine democratic values and institutions, and what a healthier "thick Christianity" might look like.

Feb 19, 2025 • 1h 2min
Symbolic Capitalists and "Awokenings", with Musa al-Gharbi
The rightward shift in public opinion that carried Donald Trump back into the White House is being widely interpreted as a backlash against the "Great Awokening" of the past decade -- a surge in radical progressive activism around social justice issues that featured a number of extreme and unpopular positions ("defund the police," "abolish ICE," support for Hamas after the October 7 attacks, etc.). In his new book We Have Never Been Woke, Stony Brook University sociologist and Niskanen Center senior fellow Musa al-Gharbi argues that this is only the latest in a series of "awokenings" over the past century. In each case, he contends, the focus was more on competition within the growing ranks of "social capitalists" (i.e., knowledge workers) than on the plight of the poor and marginalized -- and the net impact consisted more in stoking backlash than in actually driving progress. On this episode of The Permanent Problem podcast, host Brink Lindsey sits down with al-Gharbi to discuss his new book, reviewing the rise of "symbolic capitalists" to economic and cultural dominance and analyzing the dynamics that have led to the poisonous politics of the present day.

Jul 16, 2024 • 1h 1min
Abundance and collapse, with Eli Dourado
Eli Dourado, advocate of abundance, discusses restoring abundance in technology and economy. They delve into the great stagnation, productivity growth, and the vulnerability of our modern civilization to decline. The conversation explores removing constraints on supply, the quality of government, and the importance of shared prosperity.

13 snips
May 6, 2024 • 59min
Decoding the birth rate decline, with Tim Carney
American Enterprise Institute senior fellow Tim Carney discusses the global birth rate decline and its impact on society, emphasizing the societal shift away from parenthood. He explores the reasons behind the low fertility rates, the cultural trends pushing people from having children, and examines communities that still value big families for insights on reversing the trend.

Apr 8, 2024 • 1h 1min
Giving gender equality a modern context, with Richard Reeves
Gender equality advocate Richard Reeves discusses challenges in social mobility, disparities in education favoring girls, gender relations across political spectrum, and the impact of declining birth rates on society. Emphasis on embracing liberalism for growth and progress.

31 snips
Mar 6, 2024 • 1h 2min
Rethinking our vision for the future, with Virginia Postrel
Author and cultural critic Virginia Postrel joins the podcast to discuss conflicting visions of the future, critiques of mid-century futurism, technological pessimism, and encouraging a culture that values scientific progress. They explore the impact of counterculture movements, urban renewal, and the intersection of technology and culture, focusing on mRNA vaccines, conspiracy theories, and societal challenges.

Feb 6, 2024 • 1h 6min
How to create the sci-fi world we were promised, with James Pethokoukis
James Pethokoukis, expert in futuristic sci-fi worlds, discusses the 'Great Downshift', exploring the slowdown in economic growth since the 1970s. He touches on creating the sci-fi world we were promised, highlighting recent tech advancements like SpaceX and AI. Pethokoukis also delves into political perspectives shaping innovation debates.

16 snips
Jan 4, 2024 • 1h 10min
Reviving capitalist dynamism, with Tyler Cowen
Economist and polymath Tyler Cowen discusses the revival of capitalist dynamism, potential obstacles, and the growing gap between material prosperity and human flourishing. They explore the idea of the great stagnation and the potential for accelerated change with advancements in AI. The podcast also touches on topics such as the global fertility collapse and the importance of growth in measuring wealth plus.
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