Avi Loeb is an astrophysicist at Harvard. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Zero Fasting: https://go.zerofasting.com/s/lex-promo to get 30% off annual subscription – LMNT: https://drinkLMNT.com/lex to get free sample pack – Sun Basket: https://sunbasket.com/lex and use code LEX to get $35 off – Pessimists Archive: https://pessimists.co/ EPISODE LINKS: Extraterrestrial (book): https://amzn.to/39xdnkT Avi’s Website: https://astronomy.fas.harvard.edu/people/avi-loeb PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/LexFridmanPage – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (10:08) – Are we alone in the universe? (14:23) – Consciousness (19:01) – Sending digital copies of humans to space (23:38) – Oumuamua (45:42) – Alien space junk (49:41) – What do aliens look like? (1:06:58) – Drake equation (1:08:00) – Industrial polution from aliens (1:19:52) – UFO sightings (1:27:48) – How long will human civilization last? (1:30:28) – Radio signal from Proxima Centauri (1:33:49) – Breakthrough Starshot project (1:36:49) – Space race (1:42:00) – Human space exploration (1:47:15) – Social media is a threat to society (1:52:04) – Are humans ready for discovering an alien civilization? (1:56:15) – Mayans used astrology to wage war (1:57:31) – Black holes (2:16:20) – Stephen Hawking (2:19:59) – Grigori Perelman (2:24:24) – Theory of everything (2:31:23) – Dark matter (2:34:06) – Advice for young people (2:37:10) – Memories of my father and mother (2:41:38) – Existentialism (2:43:52) – Mortality (2:46:27) – Meaning of life

Dmitry Korkin is a professor of bioinformatics and computational biology at WPI. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Brave: https://brave.com/lex – NetSuite: http://netsuite.com/lex to get free product tour – Magic Spoon: https://magicspoon.com/lex and use code LEX to get $5 off – Eight Sleep: https://www.eightsleep.com/lex and use code LEX to get special savings EPISODE LINKS: Dmitry’s Website: http://korkinlab.org/ Dmitry’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/dmkorkin PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/LexFridmanPage – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (07:21) – Proteins and the building blocks of life (14:23) – Spike protein (21:11) – Coronavirus biological structure explained (26:09) – Virus mutations (32:39) – Evolution of proteins (42:25) – Self-replicating computer programs (50:02) – Origin of life (57:34) – Extraterrestrial life in our solar system (59:31) – Joshua Lederberg (1:05:30) – Dendral (1:08:24) – Why did expert systems fail? (1:10:35) – AlphaFold 2 (1:32:13) – Will AI revolutionize art and music? (1:39:12) – Multi-protein folding (1:43:39) – Will AlphaFold 2 result in a Nobel Prize? (1:46:10) – Will AI be used to engineer deadly viruses? (2:01:17) – Book recommendations (2:11:00) – Family (2:13:38) – A poem in Russian

Dan Gable is one of the greatest Olympic athletes and wrestling coaches of all time. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Tryolabs: https://tryolabs.com/lex – ExpressVPN: https://expressvpn.com/lexpod and use code LexPod to get 3 months free – Grammarly: https://grammarly.com/lex to get 20% off premium – SimpliSafe: https://simplisafe.com/lex and use code LEX to get a free security camera EPISODE LINKS: Dan’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/dannygable Dan’s Website: https://dangable.com/ Dan’s Books: https://amzn.to/2VK5nbn PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/LexFridmanPage – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (09:31) – Russian wrestling (11:09) – Coaching the science, art, and toughness of wrestling (18:05) – The pain of defeat and the tattoo of a hawk clawing out the heart (21:04) – Roger Bannister and the 4 minute mile (24:09) – The dream of becoming an Olympic champion (26:38) – The day in 1972 of the Olympic final (30:10) – Sauna story (31:39) – Match against the Russian (37:13) – The role of fear in wrestling (42:14) – The line between physical wrestling and anger (46:53) – Tragic loss of Dan’s sister (54:21) – The role of family in wrestling (59:43) – Wrestling being voted out of the Olympics (1:04:26) – To beat the best you must study the best (1:09:39) – The role of luck (Old Man and the Sea)

Dan Kokotov is VP of Engineering at Rev.ai, an automatic speech recognition company. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Athletic Greens: https://athleticgreens.com/lex and use code LEX to get 1 month of fish oil – Blinkist: https://blinkist.com/lex and use code LEX to get 25% off premium – Business Wars: https://wondery.com/business-wars/ – Cash App: https://cash.app/ and use code LexPodcast to get $10 EPISODE LINKS: Rev: https://www.rev.com Rev.ai: https://www.rev.ai PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/LexFridmanPage – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (09:17) – Dune (12:34) – Rev (18:33) – Translation (25:22) – Gig economy (34:02) – Automatic speech recognition (44:53) – Create products that people love (53:02) – The future of podcasts at Spotify (1:14:41) – Book recommendations (1:16:02) – Stories of our dystopian future (1:19:45) – Movies about Stalin and Hitler (1:24:59) – Interviewing Putin (1:30:56) – Meaning of life

Michael Malice is a political thinker, podcaster, and author. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – NetSuite: http://netsuite.com/strategy to get free product tour – Athletic Greens: https://athleticgreens.com/lex and use code LEX to get 1 month of fish oil – Sun Basket: https://sunbasket.com/lex and use code LEX to get $35 off – Cash App: https://cash.app/ and use code LexPodcast to get $10 EPISODE LINKS: Michael’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/michaelmalice Michael’s Community: https://malice.locals.com/ Michael’s YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC5tj5QCpJKIl-KIa4Gib5Xw Michael’s Website: http://michaelmalice.com/about/ Your Welcome podcast: https://bit.ly/30q8oz1 The New Right (book): https://amzn.to/34gxLo3 Dear Reader (book): https://amzn.to/2HPPlHS Podcast (Round 1): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BIk1zUy8ehU PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/LexFridmanPage – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (09:47) – Conversation with Alex Jones and Tim Pool (18:31) – Michael’s outfit (26:53) – Self-publishing a book (36:41) – The white pill (48:05) – What did the volcano say to his true love? (49:28) – Myth of Sisyphus (53:09) – Journalism failed to stop Stalin and Hitler (1:00:53) – Good Germans (1:04:49) – Richard Wolff (1:08:20) – Could United States have stayed out of World War II (1:11:12) – Trump Derangement Syndrome (1:12:58) – Nazism and Antisemitism (1:15:40) – Knock knock (1:22:20) – Putin (1:30:00) – The evil of Kim Jong-il and North Korea (1:38:32) – Dark humor (1:43:18) – Comedy is tragedy plus timing (1:50:34) – Interviewing difficult guests (2:00:06) – Curtis Yarvin (Mencius Moldbug) (2:16:24) – Violence under anarchism (2:31:58) – Ayn Rand (2:35:07) – Secession in United States (2:44:46) – Politics over next 4 years (2:52:14) – Mars (2:56:17) – UFOs (2:59:12) – Psychedelics (3:03:08) – What is love?

Diana Walsh Pasulka is a professor of philosophy and religion at UNCW and author of American Cosmic: UFOs, Religion, and Technology. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – LMNT: https://drinkLMNT.com/lex to get free shipping – Grammarly: https://grammarly.com/lex to get 20% off premium – Business Wars: https://wondery.com/business-wars/ – Cash App: https://cash.app/ and use code LexPodcast to get $10 EPISODE LINKS: Diana’s Website: https://uncw.edu/par/faculty/faculty-pasulka.html American Cosmic (book): https://amzn.to/3aK2kaj PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/LexFridmanPage – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (08:28) – What is real? (13:56) – Can beliefs become reality? (18:59) – Donald Hoffman (22:57) – Immanuel Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason (26:27) – Ayn Rand (33:25) – How do religions start? (48:38) – Religion is an evolutionary advantage (53:59) – Religion used in propaganda (58:32) – What did Nietzsche mean by “God is Dead”? (1:03:59) – American Cosmic (1:07:45) – What do aliens look like? (1:16:28) – History of space programs (1:19:30) – Jacques Vallee (1:28:55) – Artificial intelligence (1:34:25) – Ufology community (1:45:38) – Psychedelics (1:49:35) – Tic Tac UFO (1:58:09) – Roswell UFO incident (2:09:14) – Bob Lazar (2:12:50) – Monoliths in the desert (2:23:39) – Humans will co-evolve with AI (2:26:58) – Neuralink (2:31:48) – Singularity (2:41:39) – Books: Nietzsche (2:46:44) – Books: Hannah Arendt (2:51:43) – Fear of death (2:56:11) – Meaning of life

Charles Isbell is the Dean of the College of Computing at Georgia Tech. Michael Littman is a computer scientist at Brown University. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Athletic Greens: https://athleticgreens.com/lex and use code LEX to get 1 month of fish oil – Eight Sleep: https://www.eightsleep.com/lex and use code LEX to get special savings – MasterClass: https://masterclass.com/lex to get 2 for price of 1 – Cash App: https://cash.app/ and use code LexPodcast to get $10 EPISODE LINKS: Charles’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/isbellHFh Charles’s Website: https://www.cc.gatech.edu/~isbell/ Michael’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/mlittmancs Michael’s Website: https://www.littmania.com/ Michael’s YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/user/mlittman PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/LexFridmanPage – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (07:51) – Is machine learning just statistics? (12:14) – NeurIPS vs ICML (14:30) – Data is more important than algorithm (20:14) – The role of hardship in education (28:57) – How Charles and Michael met (33:30) – Key to success: never be satisfied (36:47) – Bell Labs (48:15) – Teaching machine learning (58:25) – Westworld and Ex Machina (1:06:24) – Simulation (1:13:14) – The college experience in the times of COVID (1:41:52) – Advice for young people (1:48:44) – How to learn to program (2:00:07) – Friendship

Dmitri Dolgov is the CTO of Waymo, an autonomous vehicle company. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Tryolabs: https://tryolabs.com/lex – Blinkist: https://blinkist.com/lex and use code LEX to get 25% off premium – BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/lex to get 10% off – Cash App: https://cash.app/ and use code LexPodcast to get $10 EPISODE LINKS: Waymo’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/waymo Waymo’s Website: https://waymo.com PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/LexFridmanPage – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (07:46) – Computer games (12:52) – Childhood (15:24) – Robotics (16:14) – Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (18:26) – DARPA Urban Challenge (28:46) – Waymo origin story (44:27) – Waymo self-driving hardware (53:00) – Connected cars (58:53) – Waymo fully driverless service in Phoenix (1:03:14) – Getting feedback from riders (1:11:28) – Creating a product that people love (1:17:18) – Do self-driving cars need to break the rules like humans do? (1:24:03) – Waymo Trucks (1:29:41) – Future of Waymo (1:42:53) – Role of lidar in autonomous driving (1:55:53) – Machine learning is essential for autonomous driving (1:59:55) – Pedestrians (2:06:32) – Trolley problem (2:11:00) – Book recommendations (2:22:26) – Meaning of life

Michael Mina is an immunologist, epidemiologist, and physician at Harvard. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Brave: https://brave.com/lex – Athletic Greens: https://athleticgreens.com/lex and use code LEX to get 1 month of fish oil – ExpressVPN: https://expressvpn.com/lexpod and use code LexPod to get 3 months free – Cash App: https://cash.app/ and use code LexPodcast to get $10 EPISODE LINKS: Michael’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/michaelmina_lab Michael’s Time article: https://time.com/5912705/covid-19-stop-spread-christmas/ Rapid Tests: https://www.rapidtests.org/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/LexFridmanPage – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (07:28) – Interacting between viruses and bacteria (11:42) – Deadlier viruses (15:13) – Will COVID-19 mutate? (16:47) – Rapid testing (34:11) – PCR vs rapid antigen tests (43:55) – Medical industrial complex (47:47) – Lex takes COVID test (54:32) – FDA and cheap tests (57:17) – Explanation of Elon Musk’s positive COVID tests (1:04:25) – Role of testing during vaccine deployment (1:07:54) – Public health policy (1:17:34) – A weather system for viruses (1:34:26) – Can a virus kill all humans? (1:40:05) – Engineering a deadly virus (1:44:47) – AlphaFold 2 and viruses (1:50:42) – Advice for young people (1:58:50) – Time as a Buddhist monk (2:04:54) – Meditation (2:12:32) – Meaning of life

Matthew W. Johnson is a professor and psychedelics researcher at Johns Hopkins. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Brave: https://brave.com/lex – Neuro: https://www.getneuro.com and use code LEX to get 15% off – Four Sigmatic: https://foursigmatic.com/lex and use code LexPod to get up to 60% off – Cash App: https://cash.app/ and use code LexPodcast to get $10 EPISODE LINKS: Matt’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/Drug_Researcher Matt’s Website: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/profiles/results/directory/profile/0800020/matthew-johnson Study Website: https://hopkinspsychedelic.org/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/LexFridmanPage – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (06:31) – Introduction to psychedelics (22:33) – Psychedelics expand the mind (25:44) – The priors we bring to the psychedelic experience (29:40) – Elon Musk and first principles thinking (40:10) – DMT (51:32) – Joe Rogan and DMT (57:40) – The nature of drug addiction (1:11:29) – The economics of drug pricing (1:17:44) – Should we legalize all drugs? (1:29:46) – What is the most dangerous drug? (1:32:20) – Does drug prohibition work? (1:36:14) – Cocaine and sex (1:43:15) – Risky sexual decisions (1:54:12) – Psilocybin helping people quit smoking (2:00:30) – Young Jamie (2:22:38) – Participating in a study (2:29:57) – Psychedelics and the human mind (2:37:20) – The future of psychedelics (2:40:01) – Neuralink (2:49:33) – Consciousness (3:02:15) – Panpsychism (3:12:20) – Aliens and DMT (3:22:24) – Mortality (3:32:12) – Meaning of life