Barry Barish is a theoretical physicist at Caltech and the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – MUD\WTR: https://mudwtr.com/lex and use code LEX to get 5% off – GiveDirectly: https://givedirectly.org/lex to get gift matched up to $300 – BiOptimizers: http://www.magbreakthrough.com/lex to get 10% off – Four Sigmatic: https://foursigmatic.com/lex and use code LexPod to get up to 60% off – Magic Spoon: https://magicspoon.com/lex and use code LEX to get $5 off EPISODE LINKS: Barry’s Nobel Prize entry: https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2017/barish/facts/ Barry’s Caltech profile: https://pma.caltech.edu/people/barry-c-barish LIGO’s Website: https://www.ligo.caltech.edu/ LIGO’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/LIGO PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (08:27) – Early Math and Physics questions (18:02) – Enrico Fermi (24:34) – Birth of the Nuclear Age (29:42) – The Fermi Paradox (34:45) – Gravity (51:28) – Philosophical Implications of General Relativity (58:34) – Detecting Gravitational Waves (1:01:47) – LIGO (1:34:45) – Nobel Prize (1:49:34) – Black Holes (2:01:53) – Space Exploration (2:09:48) – Books (2:18:37) – Advice for young people (2:24:33) – Meaning of life

Joscha Bach is a cognitive scientist, AI researcher, and philosopher. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Coinbase: https://coinbase.com/lex to get $5 in free Bitcoin – Codecademy: https://codecademy.com and use code LEX to get 15% off – Linode: https://linode.com/lex to get $100 free credit – NetSuite: http://netsuite.com/lex to get free product tour – ExpressVPN: https://expressvpn.com/lexpod and use code LexPod to get 3 months free EPISODE LINKS: Joscha’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/Plinz Joscha’s Website: http://bach.ai PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (07:15) – Life is hard (09:38) – Consciousness (16:24) – What is life? (26:33) – Free will (40:38) – Simulation (42:49) – Base layer of reality (58:24) – Boston Dynamics (1:06:43) – Engineering consciousness (1:17:12) – Suffering (1:26:06) – Postmodernism (1:30:25) – Psychedelics (1:43:40) – GPT-3 (1:52:22) – GPT-4 (1:58:47) – OpenAI Codex (2:01:02) – Humans vs AI: Who is more dangerous? (2:17:47) – Hitler (2:22:44) – Autonomous weapon systems (2:30:11) – Mark Zuckerberg (2:35:47) – Love (2:50:00) – Michael Malice and anarchism (3:06:57) – Love (3:11:05) – Advice for young people (3:15:42) – Meaning of life

Brian Muraresku is the author of The Immortality Key. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – InsideTracker: https://insidetracker.com/lex and use code Lex25 to get 25% off – GiveWell: https://www.givewell.org/ and use code LEX to get donation matched up to $1k – NI: https://www.ni.com/perspectives – Indeed: https://indeed.com/lex to get $75 credit – MasterClass: https://masterclass.com/lex to get 15% off EPISODE LINKS: Brian’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/brianmuraresku Brian’s website: https://www.brianmuraresku.com Immortality Key (book): https://amzn.to/3iNYBfB PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (09:46) – Who or what is God? (25:15) – Terence McKenna’s DMT Trips (29:58) – Psychedelics were the source of collective intelligence (40:30) – Psychedelics in ancient alcohol (43:30) – The Immortality Key (46:16) – Jesus and psychedelic wine (58:56) – Role of rituals in human society (1:02:37) – Human confrontation with death (1:05:15) – The future of the human experience (1:17:07) – The role of religion in society (1:22:54) – The future of psychedelics research (1:26:05) – Fasting and meditation as religious experiences (1:29:44) – Neuralink and BCIs (1:36:42) – Is LSD a crutch or an aid in creative work (1:39:21) – Nietzsche said God is dead (1:41:48) – Creatures people meet while on psychedelics (1:47:18) – Consciousness (1:53:41) – Books or movies that made an impact (1:57:39) – Meaning of life

Matt Walker is a sleep scientist at Berkeley, author of Why We Sleep, and the host of a new podcast called The Matt Walker Podcast. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Stamps.com: https://stamps.com and use code LEX to get free postage & scale – Squarespace: https://lexfridman.com/squarespace and use code LEX to get 10% off – Athletic Greens: https://athleticgreens.com/lex and use code LEX to get 1 month of fish oil – BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/lex to get 10% off – Onnit: https://lexfridman.com/onnit to get up to 10% off EPISODE LINKS: Matt’s Podcast: https://themattwalkerpodcast.buzzsprout.com/ Matt’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/sleepdiplomat Matt’s Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/drmattwalker Matt’s Website: https://www.sleepdiplomat.com/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (09:56) – Putin moment: Lex takes Matt’s sunglasses (10:17) – Fascination with sleep (14:26) – Why do we sleep? (22:58) – Computer vision for driver assistance (32:19) – Consciousness is fundamental (40:25) – Lex on human to robot connection (42:52) – Scent of a Woman is better than “John Wick” (54:33) – Distinction between coffee and caffeine (1:20:17) – The science of ‘sleeping on it’ (1:34:10) – Lex on his sleeping schedule (1:59:14) – Chronotypes (2:06:44) – How to overcome insomnia (2:24:07) – Diet and sleep (2:33:03) – Where do dreams come from? (2:46:41) – How sleep affects emotions (2:53:35) – Meaning of life

Luis and Joao Batalha are co-founders of Fermat’s Library. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Skiff: https://skiff.org/lex to get early access – SimpliSafe: https://simplisafe.com/lex and use code LEX to get a free security camera – Indeed: https://indeed.com/lex to get $75 credit – NetSuite: http://netsuite.com/lex to get free product tour – Four Sigmatic: https://foursigmatic.com/lex and use code LexPod to get up to 60% off EPISODE LINKS: Fermat’s Library Twitter: https://twitter.com/fermatslibrary Luis’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/luismbat Joao’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/joao_batalha Fermat’s Library Website: https://fermatslibrary.com PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (10:18) – Backstories to research papers (25:09) – Fermat’s Library (45:10) – Scientific publishing (1:08:50) – How to read a paper (1:14:44) – Taking good notes (1:23:23) – Favorite papers on Fermat’s Library (2:04:14) – Fermat’s Library on Twitter (2:13:46) – What it takes to build a successful startup (2:22:43) – Game of Thrones (2:25:30) – Realism in science fiction movies (2:31:29) – Greatest soccer player of all time (2:54:18) – Advice for young people

Jeff Hawkins is a neuroscientist and cofounder of Numenta, a neuroscience research company. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Codecademy: https://codecademy.com and use code LEX to get 15% off – BiOptimizers: http://www.magbreakthrough.com/lex to get 10% off – ExpressVPN: https://expressvpn.com/lexpod and use code LexPod to get 3 months free – Eight Sleep: https://www.eightsleep.com/lex and use code LEX to get special savings – Blinkist: https://blinkist.com/lex and use code LEX to get 25% off premium EPISODE LINKS: A Thousand Brain (book): https://amzn.to/3AmxJt7 Numenta’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/Numenta Numenta’s Website: https://numenta.com/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (10:35) – Collective intelligence (17:17) – The origin of intelligence in the human brain (30:31) – How intelligent life evolved on Earth (41:30) – Why humans are special in the universe (44:48) – Neurons (49:02) – A Thousand Brains theory of intelligence (57:42) – How to build superintelligent AI (1:15:41) – Sam Harris and existential risk of AI (1:27:43) – Neuralink (1:34:34) – Will AI prevent the self-destruction of human civilization? (1:40:05) – Communicating human knowledge to alien civilizations (1:50:22) – Devil’s advocate (1:55:16) – Human nature (2:03:39) – Hardware for AI (2:10:18) – Advice for young people

Chris Duffin is a strength athlete, coach, and engineer, setting multiple strength world records including squatting and deadlifting 1000 lbs for multiple reps. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Headspace: https://headspace.com/lex to get free 1 month trial – Magic Spoon: https://magicspoon.com/lex and use code LEX to get $5 off – Sun Basket: https://sunbasket.com/lex and use code LEX to get $35 off – Ladder: https://ladderlife.com/lex EPISODE LINKS: Chris’s Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/mad_scientist_duffin The Eagle and the Dragon (book): https://amzn.to/3Ckpfoj Chris’s Website: https://christopherduffin.com Kabuki Strength: https://kabukistrength.com PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (07:10) – Performing feats of strength (13:52) – What does it take to lift 1000 lbs for reps? (16:43) – From 500 to 1000lb (17:15) – The mechanics of heavy lifting (28:32) – What did it feel like to do 1000lbs for reps? (30:26) – Achieving peak performance (35:16) – Importance of singular focus (37:48) – Chris’s childhood (50:37) – The Eagle and the Dragon: A Story of Strength and Reinvention (58:21) – Lex on business (1:04:52) – The Disciplines of Strength (1:09:33) – Powerlifting (1:22:37) – Role of strength in MMA, BJJ… and baseball (1:32:38) – What is Kabuki Strength? (1:38:55) – Equipment (1:50:09) – The importance of strong feet (1:59:15) – Chris’s diet (2:05:37) – Lex on moderation in food (2:06:11) – Steroids and PED’s (2:24:14) – Whiskey and deadlifts (2:33:03) – Is it better to work hard or smart? (2:41:52) – Advice for young people (2:45:02) – Fear of death

Ishan Misra is a research scientist at FAIR working on self-supervised visual learning. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Onnit: https://lexfridman.com/onnit to get up to 10% off – The Information: https://theinformation.com/lex to get 75% off first month – Grammarly: https://grammarly.com/lex to get 20% off premium – Athletic Greens: https://athleticgreens.com/lex and use code LEX to get 1 month of fish oil EPISODE LINKS: Ishan’s twitter: https://twitter.com/imisra_ Ishan’s website: https://imisra.github.io Ishan’s FAIR page: https://ai.facebook.com/people/ishan-misra/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (07:49) – Self-supervised learning (16:24) – Self-supervised learning is the dark matter of intelligence (20:17) – Categorization (28:50) – Is computer vision still really hard? (32:35) – Understanding Language (42:14) – Harder to solve: vision or language (48:59) – Contrastive learning & energy-based models (52:59) – Data augmentation (57:19) – Fixed audio spike by lowering sound with pen tool (1:05:33) – Real data vs. augmented data (1:09:16) – Non-contrastive learning energy based self supervised learning methods (1:12:54) – Unsupervised learning (SwAV) (1:15:37) – Self-supervised Pretraining (SEER) (1:20:44) – Self-supervised learning (SSL) architectures (1:26:43) – VISSL pytorch-based SSL library (1:29:38) – Multi-modal (1:37:06) – Active learning (1:42:45) – Autonomous driving (1:54:12) – Limits of deep learning (1:58:19) – Difference between learning and reasoning (2:03:26) – Building super-human AI (2:11:14) – Most beautiful idea in self-supervised learning (2:15:02) – Simulation for training AI (2:18:27) – Video games replacing reality (2:19:40) – How to write a good research paper (2:24:08) – Best programming language for beginners (2:25:01) – PyTorch vs TensorFlow (2:28:26) – Advice for getting into machine learning (2:30:31) – Advice for young people (2:32:58) – Meaning of life

Zach Bitter is an ultramarathon runner and coach. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Ladder: https://ladderlife.com/lex – Belcampo: https://belcampo.com/lex and use code LEX to get 20% off first order – Noom: https://trynoom.com/lex – BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/lex to get 10% off EPISODE LINKS: Zach’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/zbitter Zach’s Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zachbitter Zach’s Website: https://zachbitter.com/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (07:34) – The marathon mentality (14:43) – The psychology of quitting (25:49) – Variety in ultramarathons (33:04) – What does it take to run 100 miles? (38:27) – Leading ultramarathon events (42:09) – Training and race strategy (44:39) – 100 Mile world record (48:41) – Foot strike variability and cadence (51:29) – The 11 hour barrier (54:57) – The most beautiful thing about running (1:01:19) – Zach’s training regime (1:06:06) – MAF 180 Formula (1:16:31) – Training plans (1:31:30) – Marathons vs. 100 miles (1:40:31) – Zach’s diet philosophy (1:55:19) – Fueling for race day (2:02:34) – Training while fasted (2:06:11) – Embracing the chaos (2:07:41) – 100-Mile treadmill WR (2:11:51) – The legend of Bert Kreischer (2:16:16) – The Transcontinental Run across America (2:33:51) – Who is the greatest endurance athlete of all time? (2:41:04) – Shoe technology in running (2:54:14) – Human limits (2:56:49) – Zach’s biggest obstacles (3:00:34) – Advice for young people

Cumrun Vafa is a theoretical physicist at Harvard. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Headspace: https://headspace.com/lex to get free 1 month trial – The Jordan Harbinger Show: https://www.youtube.com/thejordanharbingershow – Squarespace: https://lexfridman.com/squarespace and use code LEX to get 10% off – Allform: https://allform.com/lex to get 20% off EPISODE LINKS: Cumrun’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/cumrunv Cumrun’s Website: https://www.cumrunvafa.org Puzzles to Unravel the Universe (book): https://amzn.to/3BFk5ms PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (07:08) – Difference between math and physics (09:51) – Evolution of quantum mechanics (13:09) – Can mathematics lead humanity off track (14:07) – Beauty in mathematics (19:27) – Philosophers using symmetry (25:20) – How can ancient geometry be used to understand reality (28:32) – Key ideas in the history of physics (31:26) – Einstein’s special relativity (35:03) – Physicists building intuition (43:01) – Best work by Einstein (44:45) – Quantum mechanics (54:47) – Quantum gravity (57:02) – String theory (1:13:11) – 10th Dimension (1:19:48) – Skepticism regarding string theory (1:30:53) – Key figures in string theory (1:35:13) – String Theory’s Nobel Prize (1:38:18) – Edward Witten (1:46:56) – String Theory Landscape & Swamplands (1:55:46) – Theories of everything (2:10:12) – Advice for young people (2:13:14) – Death