History of Philosophy: India, Africana, China

Two Nigerian activists lead the struggle for independence, and clash over the competing values of national unity and ethnic diversity.

The Cuban activist and author Juan Rene Betancourt urges racial solidarity and reckons with the revolution under Castro and the island’s turn towards Communism.

After 1963, the views of Malcolm X and MLK came closer together, on topics including internationalism, political engagement, and economics.

Chike joins Peter to look back at our coverage of Africana philosophy in the first half of the 20th century.

The life and career of Malcolm X up to 1963, with a focus on his separatist black nationalism and his critique of non-violent protest.

An interview about the role of the emotions, including anger and feelings of dignity, with MLK expert Meena Krishnamurthy.

The story of Martin Luther King Jr. up to 1963, focusing on the development of his philosophy of nonviolence.

In this engaging discussion, James Baldwin, the renowned essayist and novelist, delves deep into the illusions of racial and sexual differences. He emphasizes empathy as a tool in fighting systemic racism, humorously advocating for a 'lover's war.' Baldwin also tackles gender binaries, highlighting shared humanity and the duality of human qualities. His collaboration with Martin Luther King Jr. during the Civil Rights Movement further enriches the conversation, showcasing the powerful interplay of their ideas.

Ralph Ellison provides a new metaphor for the experience of racism in his Invisible Man and tackles topics of art and identity in his essays.

Famous for his incendiary novel Native Son, Richard Wright responds in his multifaceted writings to sociology, communism, colonialism, and existentialism.