The Foreign Affairs Interview

Pranay Vaddi, formerly overseeing nuclear policy at the National Security Council, discusses the urgent nuclear landscape today. He highlights the alarming expansion of China's arsenal and Russia's nuclear threats in Ukraine. Vaddi argues that the U.S. must revitalize its nuclear strategy, especially in the context of alliances that may falter amidst rising tensions. They also delve into Iran's nuclear ambitions and the proliferation risks that complicate global stability, urging a reassessment of deterrence tactics in this unpredictable era.

Mira Rapp-Hooper, a senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, and Rebecca Lissner, an associate professor at the Naval War College, delve into the transformative impact of Trump's presidency on American foreign policy. They discuss the resilience of global alliances despite disruptions and the implications of a potential second Trump term. The duo emphasizes the need for innovative strategies in a multipolar world and argues that the current landscape offers a unique opportunity to redefine U.S. diplomatic engagement and partnerships.

Celeste Wallander, the executive director of Penn Washington and a former top defense official, discusses Europe’s recent defense spending surge and its implications for the U.S. She warns a stronger Europe may become more independent, potentially challenging U.S. priorities. The conversation highlights the outcomes of the NATO summit, Europe's response to Russian threats, and the evolving U.S.-European relationship, especially in contexts like Ukraine and regional stability.

In a fascinating discussion, Eric Edelman, a seasoned U.S. foreign policy expert, alongside Middle East specialists Suzanne Maloney and Andrew Miller, dissect Iran's nuclear ambitions and the repercussions of recent military actions. They explore the complexities of U.S.-Iran relations, including domestic pressures and strategic military considerations. Key topics include the effectiveness of strikes on Iran's nuclear infrastructure, implications for Israel's policies, and the evolving power dynamics within Iran. Their insights shed light on a rapidly changing geopolitical landscape.

Philip Gordon, a seasoned Middle East analyst and former White House coordinator, discusses the escalating tensions between Iran and Israel following recent Israeli strikes. He highlights the risks of further escalation while exploring potential pathways for de-escalation. Gordon delves into Iran's nuclear ambitions and the complexities of U.S. support for Israel amidst humanitarian concerns in Gaza. He also reflects on shifting dynamics in the region and the challenges of authentic U.S. foreign policy, advocating for a more principled approach to diplomacy.

Adam Posen, the President of the Peterson Institute for International Economics, dives deep into the complexities of Donald Trump's trade policies. He explains why trade wars, especially with China, may not be the 'easy win' Trump claims. Posen discusses the economic uncertainties stemming from tariffs, rising consumer prices, and the disconnect between stock market success and everyday American struggles. He also explores the critical need for strategic partnerships and questions the U.S.'s reliance on global supply chains in a rapidly changing economic landscape.

Rana Mitter, S.T. Lee Chair in U.S.-Asia Relations at Harvard Kennedy School and a leading historian of China, challenges the assumptions driving U.S. policies towards China. He argues that predictions about China's future often fail. The discussion covers China's political and economic shift under Xi Jinping, exploring its assertive global stance. Mitter highlights China's push for moral leadership through green technology and the potential for political liberalization. The conversation also delves into the U.S.-China dynamic and the implications of education on bilateral relations.

Ahmed Kodouda, a humanitarian policy expert fresh from Sudan, and Mai Hassan, an MIT Associate Professor specializing in political science, delve into the ongoing war in Sudan. They explore how the conflict, featuring the Sudanese Armed Forces and Rapid Support Forces, has spiraled into a horrific humanitarian crisis. The duo discusses the historical roots and regional complexities fueling the violence and emphasizes the ramifications for both Sudan and the broader region. Their insights reveal a desperate need for peace amid escalating international interests and suffering.

Dana Stroul, a Middle East expert and former deputy assistant secretary of defense, delves into the complexities of the region's current dynamics. She explores Trump's recent tour, which included strategic deals with Gulf leaders and potential shifts in policy concerning Iran and Syria. Stroul discusses the challenges of a new nuclear agreement with Iran and the intricate realities of the Gaza conflict. Highlighting the need for effective U.S. leadership, she suggests that a new regional order could emerge if approached carefully amidst ongoing turbulence.

Michael Beckley, an associate professor of political science at Tufts University and an analyst of American grand strategy, discusses the evolution of U.S. foreign policy in a rapidly changing world. He argues that America has become a 'rogue superpower,' acting aggressively without clear internationalist or isolationist aims. Beckley highlights the risks of unilateralism, especially in relations with China and allies. He emphasizes the need for a new global order based on shared democratic values, and the importance of rebuilding trust and collaboration in international alliances.