Rudyard Lynch, creator of WhatifAltHist, and Erik Torenberg, co-founder in the podcasting world, dive into the fascinating saga of Imperial Russia. They discuss Russia's Viking roots and the evolution of its identity amidst centuries of Mongol rule. Key insights include the oppressive czarist regime and the culture of servitude it fostered. The complex legacy of serfdom versus the Cossacks' quest for freedom is examined, alongside Russia's expansive history tied to Siberia and its modernization efforts leading up to the Tsarist regime's demise.

WhatifAltHist's Rudyard Lynch and Erik Torenberg dive into the captivating history of the Byzantine Empire, discussing its resilience against invaders, cultural significance, and impact on Eastern Europe. They explore topics like the empire's military tactics, Emperor Justinian's conquests, and the eventual fall to the Ottoman Turks. The conversation also touches on the intriguing influence of Viking mercenaries and the empire's potential alternate history scenarios.

In this episode, WhatifAltHist creator Rudyard Lynch and Erik Torenberg discuss the surprising origins of Christianity, exploring its rise to global dominance, appeal to the marginalized, and role in Western history. They delve into the societal structures of ancient Rome, conflicts over worshipping Roman gods, and the evolution of Christianity in urban and rural settings. The episode also touches on early Christianity's challenges, the Eucharist's possible psychedelic origins, and the historical dynamics of Christianity's growth and influence on social justice.

Explore the chilling depths of the Muslim slave trade, a lesser-known but devastating chapter of history. Delve into the complexities of African slavery, examining internal trades and the impacts of Western demands. Uncover the dynamics of slavery during the Abbasid Caliphate and the legacy it leaves in modern society. Challenge common narratives of America's foundation while comparing the Atlantic and Islamic slave trades. This engaging discussion sheds light on the multifaceted nature of slavery and its long-lasting consequences across cultures.

Join Rudyard Lynch and Erik Torenberg as they explore the transformative Axial Age, discussing the birth of new philosophies and religions, the impact of the invention of coinage on social relationships, and the emergence of influential philosophers like Socrates and Plato in ancient Greece. Uncover the link between traditional religions' decline and the rise of new spiritual paths in 500 BC.

Rudyard Lynch, creator of WhatifAltHist, and Erik Torenberg, a co-founder and cultural commentator, dive into the harsh realities of communism. They dissect its brutal cost, from mass killings to the psychological appeal of its ideologies. The conversation explores the legacy of Marxism and its hidden influence today, alongside the catastrophic effects of regimes led by Mao and Stalin. They also challenge the stigma around communist thought, advocating for a nuanced understanding of individual success within its framework.

Rudyard Lynch, creator of WhatifAltHist, and entrepreneur Erik Torenberg dive into the remarkable rise of Islam and its Golden Age. They discuss the transformative governance of the Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates and the cultural advancements that flourished during this era. The conversation shifts to the decline of the Abbasid Caliphate, examining internal conflicts, moral decay, and the transition to religious conservatism. Additionally, they illuminate the historical interactions between Islamic and European cultures, emphasizing women's rights advancements in the Islamic world.

This episode of History 102 explores the European Middle Ages, its misunderstood aspects, technological and social advancements, and critical events. WhatifAltHist creator Rudyard Lynch and Erik Torenberg discover how the seemingly "dark" medieval era set the stage for the scientific revolution, the age of exploration, and the rise of modern Europe.🔥 Apply to join over 400 founders and Execs in the Turpentine Network: https://hmplogxqz0y.typeform.com/to/JCkphVqj–SPONSOR: BEEHIIV | BABBELHead to Beehiiv, the newsletter platform built for growth, to power your own. Connect with premium brands, scale your audience, and deliver a beautiful UX that stands out in an inbox. 🐝 to https://Beehiiv.com and use code “MOZ” for 20% off your first three months🌐 Ready to achieve your 2024 goals? Start learning a new language with Babbel in just three weeks. Enjoy app lessons, live classes, and podcasts designed for real-world conversations. Get up to 60% off at babbel.com/torenbergThis show is produced by Turpentine: a network of podcasts, newsletters, and more, covering technology, business, and culture — all from the perspective of industry insiders and experts. We’re launching new shows every week, and we’re looking for industry-leading sponsors — if you think that might be you and your company, email us at erik@turpentine.co.–RECOMMENDED PODCAST:Patrick McKenzie (@patio11) talks to experts who understand the complicated but not unknowable systems we rely on. You might be surprised at how quickly Patrick and his guests can put you in the top 1% of understanding for stock trading, tech hiring, and more.SpotifyApple–FOLLOW ON X:@whatifalthist (Rudyard)@eriktorenberg (Erik)@TurpentineMedia–TIMESTAMPS:(00:00) Intro(00:23) Setting the Stage: The European Middle Ages(03:58) Misconceptions About the Middle Ages(05:29) The High Middle Ages: Society and Innovations(14:12) Feudalism and Social Structures(28:34) Sponsor: Beehiiv | Babbel(30:17) Political Dynamics in Medieval Europe(41:10) The Decline of the Middle Ages(44:39) The Black Death and Its Aftermath(47:53) Legacy of the Middle Ages(1:02:29) Conclusion and Book Recommendations(1:03:51) Wrap--Recommended Books:The Rise of the West: A History of the Human Community by William H. McNeillA Short History of the Middle Ages by Barbara Rosenwein The Time Traveler's Guide to Medieval England: A Handbook for Visitors to the Fourteenth Century by Ian MortimerA Secular Age by Charles TaylorEurope Emerges: Transition Toward an Industrial World-Wide Society, 600-1750 by Robert L. Reynolds

Delving into ancient China, the podcast covers the rise and fall of dynasties, societal breakdown, moral decay, and contrasting philosophical beliefs. It explores geographical influences, societal structures, and the controversial rule of an ancient leader, revealing the turbulent history and legacy of China.

This episode of History 102 dives into ancient India, exploring its rich civilizations, philosophical divergences from the West, and the profound influence of the caste system on its society. WhatifAltHist creator Rudyard Lynch and Erik Torenberg also debunk myths and explore the real impact of the caste system, Hindu nationalism, and the arrival of Islam on ancient Indian civilization.🔥 Apply to join over 400 founders and Execs in the Turpentine Network: https://hmplogxqz0y.typeform.com/to/JCkphVqj–SPONSORS: BEEHIIV | BABBELHead to Beehiiv, the newsletter platform built for growth, to power your own. Connect with premium brands, scale your audience, and deliver a beautiful UX that stands out in an inbox. 🐝 to https://Beehiiv.com and use code “MOZ” for 20% off your first three months🌐 Ready to achieve your 2024 goals? Start learning a new language with Babbel in just three weeks. Enjoy app lessons, live classes, and podcasts designed for real-world conversations. Get up to 60% off at babbel.com/torenberg–Recommended Podcast: Company BreakdownsEach episode of Company Breakdowns dives into S-1s and series B-and-beyond companies, interviewing founders and investors to break down the companies. First episode is on Rubrik - which just IPO'd. Coming up this season: Databricks, Reddit + more,SpotifyApple–This show is produced by Turpentine: a network of podcasts, newsletters, and more, covering technology, business, and culture — all from the perspective of industry insiders and experts. We’re launching new shows every week, and we’re looking for industry-leading sponsors — if you think that might be you and your company, email us at erik@turpentine.co.–FOLLOW ON X:@whatifalthist (Rudyard)@eriktorenberg (Erik)@TurpentineMedia–TIMESTAMPS:(00:00) Intro(00:43) A Deep Dive into Ancient India: Uncovering Hidden Histories(07:30) Exploring the Indus Valley Civilization: The Bronze Age's Forgotten Empire(10:07) The Aryans and the Birth of the Caste System(25:06) Sponsor: Beehiiv | Babbel(26:10) Buddhism vs. Hinduism: A Battle for India's Soul(39:56) The Mauryan Empire: India's Golden Age(42:09) India's Dark Age and the Rise of Hindu Conservatism(53:44) Controversial Takes: The British Impact on India(58:51) Recommended ReadingsRecommended Books:The Soul of India by Amaury de Riencourt The Rise of the WestOur Oriental Heritage: The Story of Civilization, Volume I by Will Durant