In this discussion, Greg Woolf, a Ronald J. Law Professor of Ancient History at UCLA, dives deep into the tumultuous reign of Emperor Nero. He explores how Nero, despite his controversial legacy, emerged from a backdrop of political intrigue and familial ambition. Listeners discover the complexities of his relationship with his mother, Agrippina, and the dramatic events surrounding his rise to power. The conversation also touches on his extravagant lifestyle, the devastating Great Fire of Rome, and the true nature of his notorious reputation.

Fredrik Logevall, a Harvard history professor and author of a multi-volume biography on John F. Kennedy, delves into the intricacies of JFK's life. He discusses Kennedy's remarkable ascent from a wealthy New England family to the presidency amidst personal struggles and family dynamics. The conversation highlights crucial moments, including his military heroism during World War II and evolving views on civil rights. Logevall also reflects on Kennedy's assassination and the enduring complexities of his legacy that continue to influence America.

Julian Richards, a freelance archaeologist and the author of the current Stonehenge guidebook, delves into the enigmatic world of the Spartans. He shares insights on the legendary battle at Thermopylae, where 300 Spartans fought valiantly against the Persian army. The discussion uncovers Sparta's brutal societal practices, including the culling of weak infants and the rigorous training of children. Richards raises thought-provoking questions about whether Sparta was truly a utopia or a society that transformed its people into fighting machines.

Julian Richards, a freelance archaeologist and author of the official Stonehenge guidebook, shares his expertise on this enigmatic site. He discusses Stonehenge's dual role as a celestial clock and a ceremonial center. The conversation dives into the mysteries of its construction, exploring how Neolithic communities transported massive stones from afar. Richards also touches on the site’s historical relevance, including its impact on modern counterculture and struggles with law enforcement, revealing the ongoing legacy of this ancient marvel.

Libby Joy, a member of the Beatrix Potter Society, shares fascinating insights into the life of Beatrix Potter—a renowned author and natural scientist. She discusses Potter's transition from a shy Victorian girl to a groundbreaking children's author, the challenges she faced in a male-dominated publishing world, and her commitment to conservation in the Lake District. Joy highlights the influence of friendship and love on Potter's work, as well as her legacy, which continues to impact tourism and conservation efforts today.

Join Hugh Bonneville, the talented narrator known for his captivating performances, as he guides listeners through the eerie world of Sherlock Holmes. He unpacks the fascinating case of Helen Stoner, a woman in desperate need of help from Holmes due to her stepfather's sinister actions. The tale unfolds with the chilling mention of a 'speckled band', leading to suspenseful revelations about mysterious deaths and dark family secrets. Bonneville’s storytelling immerses you in the thrilling essence of classic detective fiction.

Julie Greene, a Professor of History at the University of Maryland and author of *The Canal Builders*, dives deep into the colossal endeavor of the Panama Canal. She discusses the project's numerous failures and the staggering human cost involved. Listeners learn about the health crises that plagued laborers, the pivotal U.S. political maneuvers that led to its revival, and the engineering decisions that shaped this man-made marvel. Greene highlights the enduring legacy of the canal in transforming global trade and its profound impact on the workforce.

Discover the riveting journey of Buckingham Palace, from its roots in William the Conqueror's era to becoming a royal residence. Uncover the dramatic women's suffrage protest of 1914, and see how the palace transformed into a symbol of British heritage. Delve into Queen Victoria's renovations that defined its lavish style and the royal legacy shaped over centuries. Explore its role during critical historical events, and grasp its status as a major cultural landmark, influencing the monarchy's connection with the public.

Annabeth Headrick, Director of the School of Art and Art History at the University of Denver, specializes in ancient American cultures. She discusses the architectural and cultural marvels of Chichén Itzá, detailing its rise as a prominent hub amidst drought and conflict. Headrick explains how trade networks and multicultural influences shaped the city's identity and successes. She also examines the innovative governance models and rituals that defined this Mesoamerican superpower, alongside the eventual decline influenced by climate change and foreign encounters.

In this engaging discussion, historian Patricia Fara, a Fellow of Cambridge University, dives into the life of Sir Isaac Newton, a figure clouded in controversy and brilliance. She unpacks the legendary apple anecdote and its resonance with Newton's theories of gravity. Fara also illuminates the significant rivalries that shaped his career, including tensions with contemporaries like Hooke and Leibniz. Plus, explore Newton's unexpected shift from mathematician to key player at the Royal Mint, where he tackled counterfeiting while navigating personal struggles.