Research @ Citi

Veronica Clark, a key member of the U.S. Economics team at Citi, brings her insights on the potential impacts of changing tax policies and tariffs on the U.S. economy. She dives into the projected $2.3 trillion increase in federal deficits due to tax measures, the uncertainty surrounding Section 899’s proposed tax hikes on foreign investment income, and the complex interplay between tariffs and foreign direct investment. Clark also discusses the Fed's considerations for interest rate cuts in light of rising unemployment, illustrating the delicate balance of navigating economic uncertainties.

In this engaging discussion, Keith Horowitz, U.S. Large Cap Banks Analyst at Citi, shares insights from the recent conference focused on disruptive trends in financial services. He emphasizes concerns around banks' payment systems and the rapidly evolving private credit markets. The conversation highlights the complexities of deregulation, examining its potential benefits versus the hype surrounding it. Additionally, they explore innovative cross-border payment solutions and the implications of current M&A trends in the banking sector.

European equities have gone from being “most unloved” among global equities late last year, to being a source of diversification from U.S. equities, and most recently to being a destination for roughly $26 billion of inflows so far in 2025. What is behind this remarkable comeback? Is it temporary or transformative? Does it still have legs, and what are the risks? Join host Elise Badoy as she tackles these and other key questions with Head of European Equity Strategy Beata Manthey. This podcast contains thematic content and is not intended to be investment research. Nor does it constitute financial, economic, legal, tax or accounting advice. This podcast is provided for information purposes only and does not constitute an offer or solicitation to purchase or sell any financial instruments. The contents of this podcast are not based on your individual circumstances and should not be relied upon as an assessment of suitability for you of a particular product, security, or transaction. The information in this podcast is based on generally available information and, although obtained from sources believed by Citi to be reliable, its accuracy and completeness are not guaranteed. Past performance is not a guarantee or indication of future results. This podcast may not be copied or distributed, in whole or in part, without the express written consent of Citi. © 2025 Citigroup Global Markets Inc. Member SIPC. All rights reserved. Citi and Citi and Arc Design are trademarks and service marks of Citigroup Inc. or its affiliates and are used and registered throughout the world.

Anne Malone talks with communications services and infrastructure analyst Michael Rollins about doubts that have crept into the markets concerning the pace of demand growth for data centers. A number of factors are spurring these doubts, from lower-cost Large Language Models and supply limitations to uncertainties about the macro environment and tariffs. Michael explains why we’re staying positive on the pace of demand through 2030, notes the difficulties in quantifying that demand, and offers insights into the methodology developed by Citi for estimating demand, which is based on the premise that “the chips have to go somewhere.” This podcast contains thematic content and is not intended to be investment research. Nor does it constitute financial, economic, legal, tax or accounting advice. This podcast is provided for information purposes only and does not constitute an offer or solicitation to purchase or sell any financial instruments. The contents of this podcast are not based on your individual circumstances and should not be relied upon as an assessment of suitability for you of a particular product, security, or transaction. The information in this podcast is based on generally available information and, although obtained from sources believed by Citi to be reliable, its accuracy and completeness are not guaranteed. Past performance is not a guarantee or indication of future results. This podcast may not be copied or distributed, in whole or in part, without the express written consent of Citi. © 2025 Citigroup Global Markets Inc. Member SIPC. All rights reserved. Citi and Citi and Arc Design are trademarks and service marks of Citigroup Inc. or its affiliates and are used and registered throughout the world.

Rob Rowe talks with Chief U.S. Economist Andrew Hollenhorst on his assessment of the U.S. economy following the April jobs report and May FOMC meeting. On the one hand, survey results (“soft” data) suggest that consumers are worried about job prospects and are reining in their spending, and that businesses might exercise restraint on hiring and investment. On the other hand, actual consumer spending and employment numbers (“hard” data) are robust, supporting the sustained narrative of a resilient economy. But as Andrew argues, the impact of the early-April tariffs, the DOGE layoffs, and a generally slowing economy have yet to be felt, and the soft data is signaling that some concern is warranted about where things might go from here. This podcast contains thematic content and is not intended to be investment research. Nor does it constitute financial, economic, legal, tax or accounting advice. This podcast is provided for information purposes only and does not constitute an offer or solicitation to purchase or sell any financial instruments. The contents of this podcast are not based on your individual circumstances and should not be relied upon as an assessment of suitability for you of a particular product, security, or transaction. The information in this podcast is based on generally available information and, although obtained from sources believed by Citi to be reliable, its accuracy and completeness are not guaranteed. Past performance is not a guarantee or indication of future results. This podcast may not be copied or distributed, in whole or in part, without the express written consent of Citi. © 2025 Citigroup Global Markets Inc. Member SIPC. All rights reserved. Citi and Citi and Arc Design are trademarks and service marks of Citigroup Inc. or its affiliates and are used and registered throughout the world.

Kate Moore, the Chief Investment Officer at Citi Wealth, shares her expertise on navigating today's tumultuous market. She discusses the complexities of tariffs affecting industries like pharmaceuticals and autos, and the shift of investments from the U.S. to Europe. The conversation delves into innovative strategies in wealth management, highlighting a move beyond traditional portfolio models. With insights on economic uncertainties and the rise of alternative assets, Moore emphasizes the importance of adaptability in optimizing client portfolios.

In this episode, we turn our attention to the U.S. food industry, which is grappling with changing consumer habits, the impact of GLP-1 drugs, the “Make America Healthy Again” campaign — and, yes, tariffs. Join host Lucy Baldwin and food products & producers analyst Thomas Palmer as they discuss how the industry has evolved since the pandemic, which trends are driving current buying habits, which companies are faring better or worse, and what M&A prospects look like in the coming year. This podcast contains thematic content and is not intended to be investment research. Nor does it constitute financial, economic, legal, tax or accounting advice. This podcast is provided for information purposes only and does not constitute an offer or solicitation to purchase or sell any financial instruments. The contents of this podcast are not based on your individual circumstances and should not be relied upon as an assessment of suitability for you of a particular product, security, or transaction. The information in this podcast is based on generally available information and, although obtained from sources believed by Citi to be reliable, its accuracy and completeness are not guaranteed. Past performance is not a guarantee or indication of future results. This podcast may not be copied or distributed, in whole or in part, without the express written consent of Citi. © 2025 Citigroup Global Markets Inc. Member SIPC. All rights reserved. Citi and Citi and Arc Design are trademarks and service marks of Citigroup Inc. or its affiliates and are used and registered throughout the world.

The U.S. tariffs under President Trump have reached their highest levels in roughly a century, drawing comparisons with the Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act of 1930. But today’s economy and geopolitical fabric provide a starkly different backdrop — where central banks play a key role, where the Fed in particular must navigate a tricky path between potentially higher inflation and slower growth, and where escalating trade friction with China looms large. Join host Rob Rowe and Chief Economist Nathan Sheets as they discuss the still-developing tariff structures and their implications for the United States itself as well as its trading partners. This podcast contains thematic content and is not intended to be investment research. Nor does it constitute financial, economic, legal, tax or accounting advice. This podcast is provided for information purposes only and does not constitute an offer or solicitation to purchase or sell any financial instruments. The contents of this podcast are not based on your individual circumstances and should not be relied upon as an assessment of suitability for you of a particular product, security, or transaction. The information in this podcast is based on generally available information and, although obtained from sources believed by Citi to be reliable, its accuracy and completeness are not guaranteed. Past performance is not a guarantee or indication of future results. This podcast may not be copied or distributed, in whole or in part, without the express written consent of Citi. © 2025 Citigroup Global Markets Inc. Member SIPC. All rights reserved. Citi and Citi and Arc Design are trademarks and service marks of Citigroup Inc. or its affiliates and are used and registered throughout the world.

The U.S. tariffs are exerting an immediate impact on the financial markets, but they also have long-term consequences for economies — including a fundamental challenge to Europe’s longstanding export-led growth model. But as Chief European Economist Arnaud Marès argues in this episode, a shift toward domestic demand based growth had already been gaining momentum in the key economy of Germany. Join host Elise Badoy and Arnaud as they delve into the drivers and implications of Europe’s historic growth model shift. This podcast contains thematic content and is not intended to be investment research. Nor does it constitute financial, economic, legal, tax or accounting advice. This podcast is provided for information purposes only and does not constitute an offer or solicitation to purchase or sell any financial instruments. The contents of this podcast are not based on your individual circumstances and should not be relied upon as an assessment of suitability for you of a particular product, security, or transaction. The information in this podcast is based on generally available information and, although obtained from sources believed by Citi to be reliable, its accuracy and completeness are not guaranteed. Past performance is not a guarantee or indication of future results. This podcast may not be copied or distributed, in whole or in part, without the express written consent of Citi. © 2025 Citigroup Global Markets Inc. Member SIPC. All rights reserved. Citi and Citi and Arc Design are trademarks and service marks of Citigroup Inc. or its affiliates and are used and registered throughout the world.

Artificial intelligence, or AI, is advancing at a blistering pace, impacting companies’ operating models and individuals’ daily lives. Rob Rowe, U.S. Regional Director of Research, and Atif Malik, U.S. Specialty Semiconductors Analyst, attended NVIDIA’s GPU Technology Conference in March and share their takeaways from this AI-focused event — with topics including the current phase of agentic AI and the next phase of physical AI, the industry’s transition from training to reasoning, power demands and limitations, and the role of quantum computing. This podcast contains thematic content and is not intended to be investment research. Nor does it constitute financial, economic, legal, tax or accounting advice. This podcast is provided for information purposes only and does not constitute an offer or solicitation to purchase or sell any financial instruments. The contents of this podcast are not based on your individual circumstances and should not be relied upon as an assessment of suitability for you of a particular product, security, or transaction. The information in this podcast is based on generally available information and, although obtained from sources believed by Citi to be reliable, its accuracy and completeness are not guaranteed. Past performance is not a guarantee or indication of future results. This podcast may not be copied or distributed, in whole or in part, without the express written consent of Citi. © 2025 Citigroup Global Markets Inc. Member SIPC. All rights reserved. Citi and Citi and Arc Design are trademarks and service marks of Citigroup Inc. or its affiliates and are used and registered throughout the world.