Fat Science

Dr. Emily Cooper shares her journey from being labeled a 'voodoo doctor' to gaining acceptance in the medical community. She reveals how traditional calorie-focused advice often fails and highlights the importance of understanding metabolism's complexity. The conversation dives into the rise of GLP-1 medications, discussing their impact on appetite and metabolic health. Patient experiences illustrate how these treatments can restore food freedom and reduce anxiety around eating. There’s also a look at upcoming metabolic drugs that could revolutionize treatment.

his week on Fat Science, Dr. Emily Cooper, Mark Wright, and Andrea Taylor tackle the biggest listener questions about sustainable weight loss, metabolic health, and why restrictive diets so often backfire. From medications like GLP-1s to common myths about exercise and nutrition, this episode delivers practical science and down-to-earth advice for anyone struggling with their weight and/or health.Dr. Cooper breaks down why obesity is a physical sign of underlying metabolic dysfunction and sets the record straight about what really works for long-term health—spoiler: it’s not endless calorie counting or exercise alone. Listeners from around the world share their struggles and triumphs, and Dr. Cooper explains the roles of genetics, “food noise,” dealing with hypoglycemia, and the best ways to fuel your body.Key Questions Answered:Can someone with obesity achieve lasting weight loss without medication? Why don’t diets and exercise alone work long-term?What is reactive hypoglycemia after gastric bypass, and how should it be managed?How can people with limited access to healthcare still improve metabolic health?What is “food noise,” and how do new medications target the brain’s hunger and satiety signals?Should people use calorie restriction or focus on fueling their bodies for better metabolic health?Key Takeaways:Obesity is best understood as a physical sign of metabolic disease, not a personal failure.There is no diet or exercise program shown to sustain long-term weight loss for those with obesity—medical therapies are usually necessary. Caloric restriction and exercise without medical intervention can slow metabolism and drive weight regain (the “diet backlash” effect). Good metabolic health is possible at any body size. Nutrition, physical activity, sleep, and stress management are essential but cannot, by themselves, reverse obesity.Medications like GLP-1s can help “quiet” food noise by restoring healthy communication between the gut and brain.Lifestyle strategies support metabolic function but aren’t strong enough to reverse metabolic disease alone. Focus on eating regular meals, balanced nutrients, and fueling your activity—not on perfection or restriction.Dr. Cooper’s Actionable Tips:Find a clinician who listens and is curious about your health, not just weight or calorie intake.Don’t be pressured to take medication if you feel healthy and have good lab results, regardless of your weight.Fuel your body consistently with a mix of protein, healthy fats, and complex carbs—perfection isn’t necessary.Prioritize sleep and stress management, as both are critical for metabolism.Notable Quote:"There is no diet or exercise program that leads to long-term weight loss in someone with obesity. There isn't. Any time you're introducing that restriction you're opening the door to what's called metabolic adaptation, a slowing of the metabolic system. Why would you want to do that? If your whole goal is to strengthen the metabolic system, why would we want to introduce something that's been proven scientifically to slow the metabolic system down?" — Dr. Emily CooperResources from the episode:Fat Science is your source for understanding why metabolic health—not weight alone—matters more than ever. No diets, no agendas, just science that makes you feel better. This show is informational only, not medical advice.Check out our website to submit a question to the listener mailbag.Have questions for Dr. Cooper, a show idea, feedback, or just want to connect?Email questions@fatsciencepodcast.com or dr.c@fatsciencepodcast.com.Connect with:Dr. Emily Cooper on LinkedInMark Wright on LinkedInAndrea Taylor on Instagram

This week on Fat Science, Dr. Emily Cooper, Mark Wright, and Andrea Taylor dive into the latest U.S. blood pressure guidelines—and reveal why nearly half of all Americans face risks that can no longer be ignored. Early intervention and smart lifestyle changes are at the heart of these new recommendations.Why is high blood pressure such a hidden danger? What do the new “elevated” and “stage one” categories mean for real people? How do doctors decide when it’s time for medication versus lifestyle changes? And how does blood pressure connect to kidneys, strokes, and even dementia? Dr. Cooper unpacks the science, gives practical advice, and shares why home monitoring is now a crucial part of medical care.In this conversation-dense episode, the team breaks old myths and empowers listeners to take charge—so that “keeping an eye” on blood pressure becomes active prevention, not passive worry.Key Takeaways:New guidelines lower the bar for concern—120 over 80 is now “caution,” and 130 over 80 is “hypertension.” Early action matters.Untreated high blood pressure can lead to irreversible organ damage, strokes, kidney disease, and cognitive decline.Doctors now have a better toolkit: updated cutoffs, risk “calculators” that include zip code, and clearer protocols for who needs medication right away.Lifestyle changes (fruit, vegetables, less sodium, more movement, quality sleep, stress management, and alcohol moderation) are the first line for many—especially in the “elevated” category.Metabolic syndrome often includes high blood pressure; medicines like GLP-1s and metformin may help regulate pressure as well as metabolism.Accurate home blood pressure monitoring is strongly recommended, with validated cuff meters (not wrist models).Dr. Cooper shares actionable tips:Eat five servings of fruits and vegetables daily for potassium—bananas, spinach, potatoes, kiwis all help.Get a “validated” cuff monitor and check morning/evening, resting, following best practices.Ask your doctor about the new guidelines and risk calculators (found at the American Heart Association website).Notable Quote:“Home readings are very valuable. I really encourage people to look at the Validate BP site, find a good meter, and keep a log. Catching high blood pressure early and treating it aggressively can have profound impacts on your future health.”— Dr. Emily CooperResources from the episode:Fat Science is your source for understanding why blood pressure—and metabolic health—matter more than ever. No diets, no agendas, just science that makes you feel better.This show is informational only, not medical advice.Check out our website to submit a question to the listener mailbag.Have questions for Dr. Cooper, a show idea, feedback, or just want to connect?Email questions@fatsciencepodcast.com or dr.c@fatsciencepodcast.com.Connect with:Dr. Emily Cooper on LinkedInMark Wright on LinkedInAndrea Taylor on Instagram

Fat Science Ep 106The Mailbag: GLP 1s, Leptin, Hormones & Insurance AdviceThis week on Fat Science, Dr. Emily Cooper, Mark Wright, and Andrea Taylor open the listener mailbag to answer real questions from around the world about metabolism, hormones, and GLP-1 therapy. From the UK to Seattle, listeners share personal stories of confusion and discovery — and Dr. Cooper brings metabolic science back into focus.What really happens when you stop GLP-1 medications? Why can someone eat less yet gain weight? What does leptin resistance actually mean? And how can hopeful moms safely navigate treatment before pregnancy?In this conversation-rich episode, the team moves beyond myths, helping listeners understand how hormones — not willpower — drive metabolism, appetite, and long-term health.Key Takeaways:• GLP-1 medications don’t “work by starving you” — they help the body use energy better by resetting fuel use hormones.• Restrictive eating and “calories in, calories out” oversimplify metabolism and often worsen hormonal imbalance.• Leptin isn’t just about levels — signaling quality determines how well your brain recognizes stored body fat.• Pregnancy and metabolic health require careful timing; GLP-1s aren't used during pregnancy, but improved metabolic strength before conception matters most.• Rapid weight loss from GLP-1 meds can risk muscle depletion; maintaining steady nutrition and proper dosing is key.• Insurance coverage for GLP 1s remains unpredictable, but persistence and documentation can open doors.Personal Stories & Practical Advice:Andrea and Mark share their own experiences reconciling appetite changes on GLP-1 therapy — from remembering to eat when hunger signals quiet down to finding fueling strategies that work.Dr. Cooper offers practical guidance rooted in clinical data: why ordered eating keeps metabolism stable, how dietitians with eating disorder expertise support GLP-1 patients, and when to adjust medication doses to protect muscle mass.Notable Quote:“It’s not technically the weight that’s messing up fertility — it’s the metabolic dysfunction that causes weight as a symptom.” — Emily Cooper, MD.In this listener mailbag edition of Fat Science, Dr. Emily Cooper, Mark Wright, and Andrea Taylor unpack the science behind GLP-1 medications, leptin resistance, and hormone balance. From fertility to appetite changes and insurance frustrations, this episode explains how metabolism—not willpower—drives lasting health. Hear real-world advice on fueling, mechanical eating, and safe GLP-1 use.Resources from the episode:Fat Science is a podcast on a mission to explain where our fat really comes from — and why it won’t go (and stay) away. We’re committed to a world where people understand that fat isn’t a failure and metabolism is not a math problem.This show is for informational purposes only and not a substitute for medical advice.Check out our website where you can ask a mailbag question.Have a question for Dr. Cooper, a show idea, feedback, or just want to connect?Email us at questions@fatsciencepodcast.com or dr.c@fatsciencepodcast.com.Connect with:Dr. Emily Cooper on LinkedInMark Wright on LinkedInAndrea Taylor on Instagram

This week on Fat Science, Dr. Emily Cooper, Andrea Taylor, and Mark Wright take on one of the biggest misinformation waves in popular health media: the rise of “microdosed” GLP‑1s and so‑called “GLP‑1 diets.” As GLP‑1 medications dominate headlines and social media feeds, the hosts cut through the noise to explain what’s actually safe, what’s marketing hype, and why restrictive diets go against metabolic science. Dr. Cooper reveals how calorie‑cutting research became misinterpreted, how compounded microdoses are being promoted like supplements, and why “just eat less” remains one of the most harmful messages for people trying to improve their metabolic health. From the hormonal backlash of dieting to potentially-dangerous online telehealth shortcuts, this episode exposes how the new era of “skinny shots” and influencer‑driven microdosing campaigns echo decades of failed diet culture.Key Takeaways:GLP‑1 medications were never meant to be microdosed — these are serious prescription treatments, not vitamin‑like supplements.“GLP‑1 diets” persist because clinical trials paired the drugs with low‑calorie plans — but science hasn’t yet proven those restrictions help long‑term.Chronic calorie restriction weakens metabolism, disrupts hormones, and sets up “defensive weight gain.”Compounded or telehealth‑prescribed GLP‑1 versions are often untested and can be risky; many forms haven’t even been through FDA approval.Real progress comes from fueling your metabolism — eating enough, exercising with support, and stabilizing your brain’s hunger signals.Personal Stories & Practical Advice:Andrea opens up about the challenge of “mechanical eating” on GLP‑1 therapy — remembering to eat even when not hungry — while Mark shares how his own food relationship transformed once he focused on fueling, not restriction. Dr. Cooper emphasizes her 25‑year‑old shift away from calorie‑cutting, showing how patients thrive when metabolism is strengthened, not starved.Resources from the episode:Fat Science is a podcast on a mission to explain where our fat really comes from and why it won’t go (and stay) away. We are committed to creating a world where people are empowered with accurate information about metabolism and recognize that fat isn’t a failure. This podcast is for informational purposes only and is not intended to replace professional medical advice.Check out our new website where you can ask a mailbag question.Have a question for Dr. Cooper, a show idea, feedback, or just want to connect? Email us at questions@fatsciencepodcast.com or dr.c@fatsciencepodcast.com.Connect with Dr. Emily Cooper on LinkedIn.Connect with Mark Wright on LinkedIn.Connect with Andrea Taylor on Instagram.

Dr. Evan Nadler, a leading pediatric surgeon and expert in childhood obesity, discusses the stigmatization of obesity as a moral failure rather than a medical condition. He emphasizes the complexities behind childhood obesity, including genetic and hormonal factors, and the importance of early intervention. Transformative treatment options, including medication and surgery for younger patients, are also covered. The conversation challenges outdated views and highlights the need for compassionate support for families navigating these issues.

This week on Fat Science, Dr. Emily Cooper, Andrea Taylor and Mark Wright take a hard look at the buzz around microdosing metabolic medications—from what “microdosing” actually means to the risks of following trends without clinical supervision. The team unpacks widespread misunderstandings about dosing for drugs like Ozempic, Zepbound, and low-dose naltrexone (LDN), explains why social media advice can be dangerous, and highlights just how unique every person’s metabolic needs are. Dr. Cooper shares patient examples and lays out the science behind hormone regulation, medication resistance, and why skipping a full evaluation could backfire. We cover why glandular extracts and testosterone supplements can disrupt your body’s natural balance and why trying to “trick” your metabolism with tiny doses can sometimes do more harm than good.Key Takeaways:Microdosing means doses far below anything supplied by drug companies—it’s not the same as prescribing a lower dose within the normal range.Popular trends in LA and beyond push people toward self-experimentation, often with compounded drugs or unsupervised regimens.Taking metabolic drugs without a clinical need can weaken natural hormone production and create dependency—even with “natural” supplements.GLP-1s, GIPs, naltrexone, and testosterone all show very different outcomes depending on your genetics, history of dieting, childhood athletics, or use of other medications.More is not always better. Too high a dose can create medication resistance, while too low might “numb out” your hormone response.Professional evaluation, sleep, nutrition, and self-kindness remain the first line of defense for metabolic health, rather than skipping over those and heading straight to medication.Resources from the episode: Fat Science is a podcast on a mission to explain where our fat really comes from and why it won’t go and stay away. We are committed to creating a world where people are empowered with accurate information about metabolism and recognize that fat isn’t a failure. This podcast is for informational purposes only and is not intended to replace professional medical advice.Check out our new website where you can ask a mailbag question. If you have a question for Dr. Cooper, a show idea, feedback, or just want to connect, email us at questions@fatsciencepodcast.com or dr.c@fatsciencepodcast.com.If you are a healthcare professional interested in Dr. Cooper's training course, go to FatSciencePodcast.com and click on the top right button for Provider Course.Connect with Dr. Emily Cooper on LinkedInConnect with Mark Wright on LinkedInConnect with Andrea Taylor on Instagram

This week on Fat Science, Dr. Emily Cooper, Andrea Taylor, and Mark Wright break down five eye-opening research studies from 2025 that challenge everything you thought you knew about obesity, dieting, and metabolism. The hosts explore surprising new evidence on fitness trackers, the metabolic power of joy (and dessert!), the risks of intermittent fasting, how yo-yo dieting can damage kidney health, and the permanent impact of dieting on your brain-gut connection.Dr. Cooper shares clinical insights and explains why simple fixes—strict diets, calorie counting, and food restriction—can actually backfire, causing more harm than good. From the science of hormone signaling to the pitfalls of diet culture, the conversation reveals powerful new reasons to embrace flexibility, balance, and self-kindness on the journey to metabolic health.Key Takeaways:Fitness trackers can dramatically underestimate calorie burn—errors can reach 93%, especially for people with higher body weight. Companies rarely test enough real-world diversity and may fudge numbers for marketing.Including dessert and “forbidden foods” in your diet leads to better metabolic outcomes, greater mental stability, and less risk of binge eating or weight regain. Joyful eating helps regulate critical hormones like leptin and ghrelin.Intermittent fasting is linked to hair loss. Energy deficits force the body to use fatty acids as fuel, which can damage hair follicle stem cells. Long-term fasting negatively disrupts glucose/insulin balance and destabilizes metabolism.Yo-yo dieting (weight cycling) now shows a direct connection with kidney damage—even in those at normal weight. Rapid weight shifts restrict kidney blood flow, raise cortisol, and cause irreversible damage.Dieting creates lasting changes in the microbiome and brain-gut signaling that promote weight regain and appetite dysregulation. Even a single round of weight cycling can create stubborn metabolic obstacles.Personal Stories & Practical Advice:Andrea shares why dessert is a staple of her happiness—and how mental restriction backfires. Dr. Cooper gives real-world examples from patients: eating favorite foods can unlock better weight results, while “diet damage” often lingers until medical treatment repairs it. Resources from the episode:Fat Science is a podcast on a mission to explain where our fat really comes from and why it won’t go and stay away. We are committed to creating a world where people are empowered with accurate information about metabolism and recognize that fat isn’t a failure. This podcast is for informational purposes only and is not intended to replace professional medical advice.Check out our new website where you can ask a mailbag question. If you have a question for Dr. Cooper, a show idea, feedback, or just want to connect, email us at questions@fatsciencepodcast.com or dr.c@fatsciencepodcast.com.Connect with Dr. Emily Cooper on LinkedIn.Connect with Mark Wright on LinkedIn.Connect with Andrea Taylor on Instagram.REFERENCES FOR THIS EPISODEAlshurafa, N., et al. (2025). “More accurate fitness tracking for people with obesity.” *Scientific Reports*, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine.Alfouzan, N.W., & Nakamura, M.T. (2025). “Reduced food cravings correlated with a 24-month period of weight loss and weight maintenance.” *Physiology & Behavior*, Vol. 291.Chen, H., Liu, C., Cui, S., et al. (2025). “Intermittent fasting triggers interorgan communication to suppress hair follicle regeneration.” *Cell*, Vol. 188.The Endocrine Society (2025). “Yo-yo dieting may significantly increase kidney disease risk in people with type 1 diabetes.” *Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism*, February 2025.Fouesnard, M., et al. (2025). “Weight cycling deregulates eating behavior via the induction of durable gut dysbiosis.” *Advanced Science*, 2025

This week on Fat Science, Mark Wright, Andrea Taylor, and Dr. Emily Cooper dig deep into the science and history behind why diets don’t work for lasting weight management. From early fad diets, through to modern metabolic research, the episode explains why calorie restriction often backfires—and why fueling the body is key to long-term health.Dr. Cooper unpacks the latest evidence about metabolic adaptation, the hormonal drivers of weight regain, and the persistent harms caused by repeated dieting. Listeners will leave with a renewed understanding of metabolism’s complexity, the importance of medical advocacy, and the critical need to challenge diet culture and weight bias.Key TakeawaysShort-term weight loss from dieting is common, but centuries of evidence show most weight is regained—sometimes with additional harm.Metabolic adaptation and hormonal changes (like drops in leptin and rises in ghrelin) make weight regain almost inevitable for most people after calorie restriction.Repeated dieting (weight cycling) increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and visceral fat, not just regaining lost weight.The biggest breakthroughs in metabolism came in the 20th century, but weight bias and diet industry profits keep the focus on ineffective short-term strategies.True long-term progress rests on regular fueling, metabolic evaluation, and avoiding the trap of repeated restrictive diets.Expert Insights & Practical AdviceDr. Cooper highlights landmark studies (Minnesota Starvation Experiment, Dutch famine, the "Biggest Loser" follow-up) illustrating how diets slow metabolism and can even cause lasting damage.The science behind metabolic hormones—leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, GLP-1—shows why the body fights back against weight loss and why medications must be paired with metabolic support, not additional restriction.Reflections on weight bias in medicine, the need for informed consent around diets, and how current research is still catching up to clinical reality.Personal Stories & Culture CritiqueAndrea shares how social circles demonstrate the futility of diets and the cycle of weight loss and regain.Mark recounts professional experiences highlighting systemic bias and cultural attitudes toward weight and health, advocating for preventive medicine as the path forward.The hosts challenge listeners to rethink their relationship with food, prioritize health, and push back against societal shame and stigma.Resources from the EpisodeFat Science is committed to debunking the myths about metabolism, diabetes, and fat. We empower listeners with evidence-based information, challenging the culture of blame and restriction. This podcast is for informational purposes and not medical advice.Explore our website to join our live audience for the milestone 100th episode recording on Thursday, September 4th at 9 a.m. PST—ask Dr. Cooper a question and celebrate with us!Send questions, show ideas, or feedback: questions@fatsciencepodcast.com or dr.c@fatsciencepodcast.com.If you are a provider and interested in DI's training course or training manual for providers:Connect with Dr. Emily Cooper on [LinkedIn]Connect with Mark Wright on [LinkedIn]Connect with Andrea Taylor on [Instagram]Fat Science: No diet, no agenda—just science that makes you feel better.

The 100th episode of Fat Science brings together Dr. Emily Cooper, Andrea Taylor, and Mark Wright for a live mailbag celebration with listeners worldwide. Hear how the show began, reflect on lessons learned, and get answers to the questions people wish their doctors would address—especially about metabolism, obesity, diabetes, GLP-1 medications, and more.Dr. Cooper shares the big-picture science behind “why we get fat,” the true drivers of metabolic dysfunction, and the evolution of her pioneering clinical practice. Andrea and Mark reveal the patient’s perspective—an honest look at what happens when the latest science meets real lives. Plus, practitioners and patients weigh in on the shifting cultural tide: it’s not a diet problem, it’s a metabolic problem.Key Takeaways:GLP-1 medications do not appear to harm future fertility or cause birth defect risks; improved metabolism may even help down the road.Leptin resistance/suppression: what labs really mean, why mechanical eating matters, and how ghrelin and other signals clarify the picture.“Diet Drug” stigma is outdated; GLP-1 medications target dysfunction, not willpower.Compounded GLP-1 solutions can be risky. Dr. Cooper explains supply chain, testing, and safer cost-saving alternatives like Lilly Direct, NovoCare, and Canadian Kwik pens.Autoimmune diseases (like celiac) may interfere with signals, but GLP-1s—especially bioidentical ones—are still options with careful monitoring.“Selfish Brain” explained: labs to request, what cerebral insulin suppression looks like, and why fueling and sleep are core solutions.Hashimoto’s: often distinct from metabolic dysfunction; both need tailored management and mechanical fueling.Heavy lifting & nutrition: protein needs often overstated—1.0–1.3g/kg ideal; pre-bed protein useful; DEXA scans help track muscle mass.Menopause & metabolism: estrogen/leptin loss, why patch plus micronized progesterone is often safest, and how each choice impacts metabolic health.Navigating insurance complexities, tariffs, and lifetime maxes—when and how to explore creative access.Metabolic changes tied to cycles, pregnancy, birth control: which progestins are weight-neutral, what to ask, and which labs to run if hitting plateaus.GLP-1s often improve blood pressure; dizziness may mean time to reduce meds, not the GLP-1.Personal Stories & Practical Advice:Andrea and Mark share a decade-plus of metabolic journeys—their dramatic health wins and the ongoing battle for self-compassion and body image. Listeners celebrate victories: reversing fatty liver, thriving after cancer, and breaking free from diet cycles.“No diets. No agendas. Just science that makes you feel better.” The audience and hosts repeat this Fat Science tagline to mark the milestone.Resources:Fat Science explains where fat really comes from and why it won’t just go away. We’re committed to empowering people with accurate information about metabolism and busting the myth that fat is failure. This podcast is informational only and not medical advice.Check out our new website to ask a mailbag question. Contact us at questions@fatsciencepodcast.com or dr.c@fatsciencepodcast.com.Connect with Dr. Cooper on LinkedInConnect with Mark Wright on LinkedInConnect with Andrea Taylor on Instagram