In recent episodes of the ESG Insider podcast, we’ve been hearing about takeaways from COP29, the UN climate conference that recently wrapped up in Baku, Azerbaijan. In this episode, we hear about the rising private sector engagement at events like COP29, and how companies are collaborating across the public and private sector to find solutions to climate change. "When I look today just at the breadth of involvement there is in the private sector…I've really seen a step change in terms of the engagement," says Sagarika Chatterjee, Climate Finance Director and Finance Lead for the UN Climate Change High-Level Champions, a group that aims to drive collaboration on climate action between governments, businesses and investors.  "The question, of course, is how good can we get at collaborating with the public sector on some very tricky areas and working fast enough so that we can reach the needs that there are of developing countries for climate finance," Sagarika tells us. In the episode we also speak to:   -Sherry Madera, CEO of the disclosure nonprofit CDP  -Kristen Sullivan, Partner at audit, consulting and advisory firm Deloitte where she leads Sustainability and ESG Services  -Nahoko Ishii, Director of the Center for Global Commons, a research center at the University of Tokyo  -Yevgeniya Bikmurzina, Head of the Innovation Ecosystem Department within Azerbaijan’s Innovation & Digital Development Agency  Listen to our previous coverage of COP29 outcomes:  UN official says credibility of climate COPs at stake heading into 2025: https://www.spglobal.com/esg/podcasts/un-official-says-credibility-of-climate-cops-at-stake-heading-into-2025   After COP29, what’s next for carbon markets: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/after-cop29-whats-next-for-carbon-markets/id1475521006?i=1000680181847 Listen to our interview with CDP CEO Sherry Madera at Climate Week NYC: https://www.spglobal.com/esg/podcasts/cdp-ceo-talks-climate-nature-and-the-future-of-sustainability-disclosure   This piece was published by S&P Global Sustainable1, a part of S&P Global. Copyright ©2024 by S&P Global DISCLAIMER By accessing this Podcast, I acknowledge that S&P GLOBAL makes no warranty, guarantee, or representation as to the accuracy or sufficiency of the information featured in this Podcast. The information, opinions, and recommendations presented in this Podcast are for general information only and any reliance on the information provided in this Podcast is done at your own risk. This Podcast should not be considered professional advice. Unless specifically stated otherwise, S&P GLOBAL does not endorse, approve, recommend, or certify any information, product, process, service, or organization presented or mentioned in this Podcast, and information from this Podcast should not be referenced in any way to imply such approval or endorsement. The third party materials or content of any third party site referenced in this Podcast do not necessarily reflect the opinions, standards or policies of S&P GLOBAL. S&P GLOBAL assumes no responsibility or liability for the accuracy or completeness of the content contained in third party materials or on third party sites referenced in this Podcast or the compliance with applicable laws of such materials and/or links referenced herein. Moreover, S&P GLOBAL makes no warranty that this Podcast, or the server that makes it available, is free of viruses, worms, or other elements or codes that manifest contaminating or destructive properties. S&P GLOBAL EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL LIABILITY OR RESPONSIBILITY FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR OTHER DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF ANY INDIVIDUAL'S USE OF, REFERENCE TO, RELIANCE ON, OR INABILITY TO USE, THIS PODCAST OR THE INFORMATION PRESENTED IN THIS PODCAST. 

At the recent UN climate conference in Baku, Azerbaijan, countries finalized key rules and guidelines for international carbon trading under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement on climate change.   In this bonus episode of the ESG Insider podcast, we discuss these outcomes and what they mean for the future of carbon markets with Mark Kenber, Executive Director at the Voluntary Carbon Markets Integrity Initiative. VCMI is a nonprofit with a goal of enabling high-integrity voluntary carbon markets that contribute to the goal of the Paris Agreement, protect nature and support the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals.  "The rules around the Paris Agreement carbon markets known as Article 6 were finally agreed, and that now gives some confidence to those who are developing projects, looking at investing in the market, developing markets at a national level and, of course, buyers, that there is now a UN imprimatur on project-based carbon markets," Mark tells us. "And with luck, that will encourage more investment."  Listen to our previous coverage from COP29 here: https://www.spglobal.com/esg/podcasts/un-official-says-credibility-of-climate-cops-at-stake-heading-into-2025 Listen to our explainer podcast series on carbon markets:  Exploring the role of carbon markets in reaching climate targets: https://www.spglobal.com/esg/podcasts/exploring-the-role-of-carbon-markets-in-reaching-climate-targets   What's next for voluntary carbon markets: https://www.spglobal.com/esg/podcasts/what-s-next-for-voluntary-carbon-markets   Learn more about the Global Carbon Markets Conference hosted by S&P Global Commodity Insights: https://cilive.com/assemble/events/energy-transition/101824-global-carbon-market-conference   This piece was published by S&P Global Sustainable1, a part of S&P Global.  Copyright ©2024 by S&P Global  DISCLAIMER  By accessing this Podcast, I acknowledge that S&P GLOBAL makes no warranty, guarantee, or representation as to the accuracy or sufficiency of the information featured in this Podcast. The information, opinions, and recommendations presented in this Podcast are for general information only and any reliance on the information provided in this Podcast is done at your own risk. This Podcast should not be considered professional advice. Unless specifically stated otherwise, S&P GLOBAL does not endorse, approve, recommend, or certify any information, product, process, service, or organization presented or mentioned in this Podcast, and information from this Podcast should not be referenced in any way to imply such approval or endorsement. The third party materials or content of any third party site referenced in this Podcast do not necessarily reflect the opinions, standards or policies of S&P GLOBAL. S&P GLOBAL assumes no responsibility or liability for the accuracy or completeness of the content contained in third party materials or on third party sites referenced in this Podcast or the compliance with applicable laws of such materials and/or links referenced herein. Moreover, S&P GLOBAL makes no warranty that this Podcast, or the server that makes it available, is free of viruses, worms, or other elements or codes that manifest contaminating or destructive properties.  S&P GLOBAL EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL LIABILITY OR RESPONSIBILITY FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR OTHER DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF ANY INDIVIDUAL'S USE OF, REFERENCE TO, RELIANCE ON, OR INABILITY TO USE, THIS PODCAST OR THE INFORMATION PRESENTED IN THIS PODCAST. 

The UN's big annual climate change conference known as COP29 wrapped up in November 2024 in Baku, Azerbaijan. In this episode of the ESG Insider podcast, we sit down in Baku with Marcos Neto, Assistant Secretary General and Director of the UN Development Programme’s Bureau of Policy and Programme Support.   Among other things, the UNDP helps countries develop their Nationally Determined Contributions — plans for achieving the goals of the Paris Agreement that are updated every five years. The next round of NDCs is due in February 2025. In the interview, Marcos discusses key outcomes from COP29 related to climate finance, the outlook for NDCs and National Adaptation Plans, and the work the UNDP is doing in other areas such as helping countries with their National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans, or NBSAPs.  Marcos also talks about the COP process and what is at stake heading into COP30, which is slated to take place in his hometown of Belém, Brazil in November 2025 and is already garnering a lot of attention.   “I am optimistic that history will be made in my hometown,” Marcos says. "Despite all the geopolitical troubles, despite the wars, despite everything else ... we have an opportunity in November next year to show that the UN matters, that multilateralism matters.”   2025 will also mark one decade since the Paris Agreement was signed — an important milestone, Marcos says. “If we have an agreement that 10 years on, cannot put us on the trajectory to 1.5 degrees, is it still credible?”   This piece was published by S&P Global Sustainable1, a part of S&P Global.      Copyright ©2024 by S&P Global   DISCLAIMER   By accessing this Podcast, I acknowledge that S&P GLOBAL makes no warranty, guarantee, or representation as to the accuracy or sufficiency of the information featured in this Podcast. The information, opinions, and recommendations presented in this Podcast are for general information only and any reliance on the information provided in this Podcast is done at your own risk. This Podcast should not be considered professional advice. Unless specifically stated otherwise, S&P GLOBAL does not endorse, approve, recommend, or certify any information, product, process, service, or organization presented or mentioned in this Podcast, and information from this Podcast should not be referenced in any way to imply such approval or endorsement. The third party materials or content of any third party site referenced in this Podcast do not necessarily reflect the opinions, standards or policies of S&P GLOBAL. S&P GLOBAL assumes no responsibility or liability for the accuracy or completeness of the content contained in third party materials or on third party sites referenced in this Podcast or the compliance with applicable laws of such materials and/or links referenced herein. Moreover, S&P GLOBAL makes no warranty that this Podcast, or the server that makes it available, is free of viruses, worms, or other elements or codes that manifest contaminating or destructive properties.   S&P GLOBAL EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL LIABILITY OR RESPONSIBILITY FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR OTHER DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF ANY INDIVIDUAL'S USE OF, REFERENCE TO, RELIANCE ON, OR INABILITY TO USE, THIS PODCAST OR THE INFORMATION PRESENTED IN THIS PODCAST. 

De Rui Wong, Senior Vice President at GIC, Singapore's sovereign wealth fund, discusses the fund's unique approach to sustainability. He emphasizes a tailored strategy, recognizing that companies decarbonize at varying rates based on location and regulations. Wong highlights climate change as a new reality that demands adaptive investment strategies, especially in real estate. He also touches on the social implications of climate transitions, advocating for reskilling workers to support a just energy shift. A multifaceted view of climate finance emerges!

In this episode of the ESG Insider podcast, we’re talking to Mastercard Chief Sustainability Officer Ellen Jackowski, who was just named to the TIME100 Climate list of the 100 most influential climate leaders in business for 2024. Ellen was on the ground in Cali, Colombia, for the UN’s recent COP16 biodiversity conference and in Baku, Azerbaijan, for the UN’s COP29 climate conference that wraps up today.   Mastercard is one of the world’s largest payments networks with more than 3 billion cards in circulation. In the interview, Ellen explains the company’s approach to balancing economic growth with sustainable consumption and inclusive climate action — a focus she says will continue following the recent US election results.   “[W]e can feel the societal pressure around climate change — but this is absolutely good business as well,” Ellen says. "This is a megatrend that's only growing, no matter what is going on in the political atmosphere of the United States.”  Ellen also discusses Mastercard’s 2040 net-zero goal, including how the company manages its Scope 3 emissions and how it balances AI’s opportunities with its potential climate impacts.   Listen to our recent podcast episode featuring key takeaways from COP16: https://www.spglobal.com/esg/podcasts/cop16-shows-why-companies-and-countries-have-biodiversity-on-the-agenda   Read research from S&P Global Sustainable1, Can AI become net positive for net-zero? https://www.spglobal.com/esg/insights/featured/special-editorial/can-ai-become-net-positive-for-net-zero   This piece was published by S&P Global Sustainable1, a part of S&P Global.      Copyright ©2024 by S&P Global   DISCLAIMER   By accessing this Podcast, I acknowledge that S&P GLOBAL makes no warranty, guarantee, or representation as to the accuracy or sufficiency of the information featured in this Podcast. The information, opinions, and recommendations presented in this Podcast are for general information only and any reliance on the information provided in this Podcast is done at your own risk. This Podcast should not be considered professional advice. Unless specifically stated otherwise, S&P GLOBAL does not endorse, approve, recommend, or certify any information, product, process, service, or organization presented or mentioned in this Podcast, and information from this Podcast should not be referenced in any way to imply such approval or endorsement. The third party materials or content of any third party site referenced in this Podcast do not necessarily reflect the opinions, standards or policies of S&P GLOBAL. S&P GLOBAL assumes no responsibility or liability for the accuracy or completeness of the content contained in third party materials or on third party sites referenced in this Podcast or the compliance with applicable laws of such materials and/or links referenced herein. Moreover, S&P GLOBAL makes no warranty that this Podcast, or the server that makes it available, is free of viruses, worms, or other elements or codes that manifest contaminating or destructive properties.   S&P GLOBAL EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL LIABILITY OR RESPONSIBILITY FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR OTHER DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF ANY INDIVIDUAL'S USE OF, REFERENCE TO, RELIANCE ON, OR INABILITY TO USE, THIS PODCAST OR THE INFORMATION PRESENTED IN THIS PODCAST. 

In this episode of the ESG Insider podcast, we’re covering key takeaways from COP16, the UN’s major biodiversity conference that just wrapped up in Cali, Colombia.   The conference convened countries from around the world, and we hear about key outcomes of government negotiations in an interview with Astrid Schomaker, Executive Secretary of the UN Convention on Biological Diversity.   We also hear about the large private sector presence at COP16, which reflects companies’ growing understanding of the links between nature loss and climate change. We also hear about rising private sector recognition of the importance of including Indigenous peoples and local communities in decisions about nature. To learn more, we discuss the outlook for nature disclosure and standards with Andrea Pradilla, who is Latin America Director of the sustainability standards organization Global Reporting Initiative, or GRI. We learn about the landscape for financing for nature — including through biodiversity credits — in a conversation with Sébastien Soleille, Global Head of Energy Transition and Environment at big French bank BNP Paribas. To understand the data challenges companies face when measuring and managing their nature risks and dependencies, we talk to Divya Mankikar, Global Head of Strategy for the Corporate Ecosystem at S&P Global Sustainable1. And we look ahead to another big UN gathering taking place in Latin America — the climate-focused COP30 that Brazil will host in 2025. We talk to Eron Bloomgarden, Founder and CEO of Emergent, a nonprofit involved in a recently announced $180 million deal the Brazilian state of Pará signed to support its efforts to combat deforestation.  Read research from S&P Global Sustainable1, Corporate nature commitments remain rare, here: https://www.spglobal.com/esg/insights/featured/special-editorial/ahead-of-cop16-corporate-nature-commitments-remain-rare   Listen to our previous podcast episode, ISSB Vice Chair Sue Lloyd talks aligning sustainability standards across jurisdictions, here: https://www.spglobal.com/esg/podcasts/issb-vice-chair-sue-lloyd-talks-aligning-sustainability-standards-across-jurisdictions   Listen to our previous podcast episode, CDP CEO talks climate, nature and the future of sustainability disclosure, here: https://www.spglobal.com/esg/podcasts/cdp-ceo-talks-climate-nature-and-the-future-of-sustainability-disclosure   This piece was published by S&P Global Sustainable1, a part of S&P Global.      Copyright ©2024 by S&P Global    DISCLAIMER    By accessing this Podcast, I acknowledge that S&P GLOBAL makes no warranty, guarantee, or representation as to the accuracy or sufficiency of the information featured in this Podcast. The information, opinions, and recommendations presented in this Podcast are for general information only and any reliance on the information provided in this Podcast is done at your own risk. This Podcast should not be considered professional advice. Unless specifically stated otherwise, S&P GLOBAL does not endorse, approve, recommend, or certify any information, product, process, service, or organization presented or mentioned in this Podcast, and information from this Podcast should not be referenced in any way to imply such approval or endorsement. The third party materials or content of any third party site referenced in this Podcast do not necessarily reflect the opinions, standards or policies of S&P GLOBAL. S&P GLOBAL assumes no responsibility or liability for the accuracy or completeness of the content contained in third party materials or on third party sites referenced in this Podcast or the compliance with applicable laws of such materials and/or links referenced herein. Moreover, S&P GLOBAL makes no warranty that this Podcast, or the server that makes it available, is free of viruses, worms, or other elements or codes that manifest contaminating or destructive properties.   S&P GLOBAL EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL LIABILITY OR RESPONSIBILITY FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR OTHER DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF ANY INDIVIDUAL'S USE OF, REFERENCE TO, RELIANCE ON, OR INABILITY TO USE, THIS PODCAST OR THE INFORMATION PRESENTED IN THIS PODCAST. 

Hussein Shel, Chief Technologist and Head of Upstream Digital Transformation at Amazon Web Services, dives into the role of AI in promoting sustainability. He discusses how AWS is leveraging AI and machine learning to optimize energy usage and integrate renewables into the grid. Hussein highlights the balance between generative AI's energy demands and the innovations aimed at enhancing efficiency. He also addresses the importance of responsible AI practices in tackling sustainability challenges and minimizing carbon footprints.

Today marks the end of COP16, the UN’s biodiversity-focused Conference of the Parties in Cali, Colombia. The UN’s climate change conference, COP29, is slated to begin Nov. 11 in Baku, Azerbaijan.  One common thread in these events is the challenge of addressing the big financing gaps for a range of sustainability issues — including climate, nature, and social equity.  In this episode of the ESG Insider podcast, we explore how the fixed income market is evolving to help fill in some of those sustainable finance gaps. We talk with Stephen Liberatore, Head of ESG and Impact for Global Fixed Income at Nuveen. Nuveen is a global asset manager with about $1.2 dollars trillion in total assets under management.  “One of the things that is really important to our investors is that we look for issuers and issues that have environmental benefit or environmental stewardship," Stephen says. "The issues that they're trying to identify and invest in are longer-term issues. They're not things that are going to be resolved overnight." We talked with Stephen on the sidelines of The Nest Climate Campus, where ESG Insider was an official podcast during Climate Week NYC.  This piece was published by S&P Global Sustainable1, a part of S&P Global.      Copyright ©2024 by S&P Global     DISCLAIMER    By accessing this Podcast, I acknowledge that S&P GLOBAL makes no warranty, guarantee, or representation as to the accuracy or sufficiency of the information featured in this Podcast. The information, opinions, and recommendations presented in this Podcast are for general information only and any reliance on the information provided in this Podcast is done at your own risk. This Podcast should not be considered professional advice. Unless specifically stated otherwise, S&P GLOBAL does not endorse, approve, recommend, or certify any information, product, process, service, or organization presented or mentioned in this Podcast, and information from this Podcast should not be referenced in any way to imply such approval or endorsement. The third party materials or content of any third party site referenced in this Podcast do not necessarily reflect the opinions, standards or policies of S&P GLOBAL. S&P GLOBAL assumes no responsibility or liability for the accuracy or completeness of the content contained in third party materials or on third party sites referenced in this Podcast or the compliance with applicable laws of such materials and/or links referenced herein. Moreover, S&P GLOBAL makes no warranty that this Podcast, or the server that makes it available, is free of viruses, worms, or other elements or codes that manifest contaminating or destructive properties.    S&P GLOBAL EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL LIABILITY OR RESPONSIBILITY FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR OTHER DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF ANY INDIVIDUAL'S USE OF, REFERENCE TO, RELIANCE ON, OR INABILITY TO USE, THIS PODCAST OR THE INFORMATION PRESENTED IN THIS PODCAST. 

The UN's big climate change conference, COP29, starts Nov. 11 in Baku, Azerbaijan. In this episode of the ESG Insider podcast, we're exploring technology solutions for the low-carbon transition, including in developing countries.  We talk with Vaishali Sinha, Co-founder and Chairperson of Sustainability at ReNew, a decarbonization solutions company deploying renewables and other low-carbon technologies in India.   "A global mindset is what is required in some of these very new and emerging technologies — and we must work together to be able to solve for it," Vaishali tells us.  We also talk with Holly Paeper, President of the Commercial HVAC Americas business at Trane Technologies, a building technology and energy solutions company. Holly says tackling Scope 3 indirect supply chain emissions is the "next frontier" for Trane Technologies and other companies working in the built environment.   "The challenge is huge in the built environment," she says. "The good news is there's technology that exists today to change that, and we're really starting to see more and more customer demand for those solutions."  We also sit down with Garrett Quinn, Chief Sustainability Officer at Smurfit Westrock, a sustainable paper and packaging company with operations in dozens of countries. Garrett describes some of the ways the company is looking to lower its emissions.  We talked with today’s guests on the sidelines of The Nest Climate Campus, where ESG Insider was an official podcast during Climate Week NYC.  Listen to last week's episode "Talking climate finance ahead of COP29" here: https://www.spglobal.com/esg/podcasts/talking-climate-finance-ahead-of-cop29   This piece was published by S&P Global Sustainable1, a part of S&P Global.     Copyright ©2024 by S&P Global    DISCLAIMER    By accessing this Podcast, I acknowledge that S&P GLOBAL makes no warranty, guarantee, or representation as to the accuracy or sufficiency of the information featured in this Podcast. The information, opinions, and recommendations presented in this Podcast are for general information only and any reliance on the information provided in this Podcast is done at your own risk. This Podcast should not be considered professional advice. Unless specifically stated otherwise, S&P GLOBAL does not endorse, approve, recommend, or certify any information, product, process, service, or organization presented or mentioned in this Podcast, and information from this Podcast should not be referenced in any way to imply such approval or endorsement. The third party materials or content of any third party site referenced in this Podcast do not necessarily reflect the opinions, standards or policies of S&P GLOBAL. S&P GLOBAL assumes no responsibility or liability for the accuracy or completeness of the content contained in third party materials or on third party sites referenced in this Podcast or the compliance with applicable laws of such materials and/or links referenced herein. Moreover, S&P GLOBAL makes no warranty that this Podcast, or the server that makes it available, is free of viruses, worms, or other elements or codes that manifest contaminating or destructive properties.    S&P GLOBAL EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL LIABILITY OR RESPONSIBILITY FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR OTHER DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF ANY INDIVIDUAL'S USE OF, REFERENCE TO, RELIANCE ON, OR INABILITY TO USE, THIS PODCAST OR THE INFORMATION PRESENTED IN THIS PODCAST.

In this episode of the ESG Insider podcast, we’re talking climate finance ahead of COP29, the UN climate change conference taking place in Baku, Azerbaijan in November 2024.  Scaling climate and clean energy financing will be a major focus at COP29, which many are calling the “finance COP.” Both the public and private sector will play a role in addressing the massive climate financing gap for developing countries, including through blended finance.   To learn more, we speak to Vijay Bains, Chief Sustainability Officer and Group Head of Environmental, Social and Governance at Emirates NBD, the largest bank in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. COP28 took place in Dubai in 2023, and Vijay explains how the event acted as a “lightning bolt” to bring global attention to sustainability in the region.  We also speak to Marina Severinovsky, Head of Sustainability North America at asset manager Schroders, about the role that policy and regulations can play in helping financial institutions unlock private investment in climate and other sustainability issues.   And we hear about the importance of a just transition that deploys capital to the regions that need it most in an interview with Prerna Divecha, Head of Climate and ESG Credit Risk Solutions at S&P Global Market Intelligence.   We conducted these interviews at The Nest Climate Campus, where ESG Insider was an official podcast during Climate Week NYC.      Listen to last week’s episode, Breaking down barriers to find climate solutions: https://www.spglobal.com/esg/podcasts/breaking-down-barriers-to-find-climate-solutions   Read S&P Global’s Climate Week key takeaways here: https://www.spglobal.com/esg/insights/featured/special-editorial/5-big-ideas-we-re-taking-from-climate-week-nyc-to-cop16-and-cop29   This piece was published by S&P Global Sustainable1, a part of S&P Global.    Copyright ©2024 by S&P Global  DISCLAIMER   By accessing this Podcast, I acknowledge that S&P GLOBAL makes no warranty, guarantee, or representation as to the accuracy or sufficiency of the information featured in this Podcast. The information, opinions, and recommendations presented in this Podcast are for general information only and any reliance on the information provided in this Podcast is done at your own risk. This Podcast should not be considered professional advice. Unless specifically stated otherwise, S&P GLOBAL does not endorse, approve, recommend, or certify any information, product, process, service, or organization presented or mentioned in this Podcast, and information from this Podcast should not be referenced in any way to imply such approval or endorsement. The third party materials or content of any third party site referenced in this Podcast do not necessarily reflect the opinions, standards or policies of S&P GLOBAL. S&P GLOBAL assumes no responsibility or liability for the accuracy or completeness of the content contained in third party materials or on third party sites referenced in this Podcast or the compliance with applicable laws of such materials and/or links referenced herein. Moreover, S&P GLOBAL makes no warranty that this Podcast, or the server that makes it available, is free of viruses, worms, or other elements or codes that manifest contaminating or destructive properties.   S&P GLOBAL EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL LIABILITY OR RESPONSIBILITY FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR OTHER DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF ANY INDIVIDUAL'S USE OF, REFERENCE TO, RELIANCE ON, OR INABILITY TO USE, THIS PODCAST OR THE INFORMATION PRESENTED IN THIS PODCAST.