Nancy Davis, founder of Quadratic Capital, has spent her entire career trading options of all shapes and sizes and across all of the asset classes. She’s traded them listed, OTC, vanilla and complex in rates, FX, commodities, credit and equities. Over the course of nearly 20 years, Nancy has developed important perspective on risk cycles, trading through the dotcom era, the GFC, the 2011 sovereign crisis, the 2016 Brexit referendum and, more recently, the VIX unwind event of early 2018. Over these risk episodes and the quiet periods in between them, Nancy has developed a philosophy on utilizing optionality as a core vehicle to implement long or short directional exposure. Our conversation explores the fundamental question – “are options a good deal or not?” in light of the demonstrated premium of implied to realized volatility over time set against the numerous options blow-ups that have occurred in markets. As a prominent woman in the derivatives space, I also seek Nancy’s views on the state of female representation in the finance industry and work she’s doing to advance the cause of having more women on the investing side of the business. Lastly, we discuss IVOL, the Quadratic Interest Rate Volatility and Inflation Hedge ETF, an innovative product that Nancy recently launched. In a world in which options on the yield curve cost very little and next to no one sees the potential for appreciably higher inflation, Nancy sees IVOL as a valuable portfolio diversifier. Please enjoy this episode of the Alpha Exchange, my discussion with Nancy Davis. 

A voracious reader and a market professional for more than 30 years, Barry Knapp has seen his share of bubbles and busts. Starting his career in the early 80’s, he soon after experienced the crash of ‘87 and the mini crash of ‘89. The experience of multi-sigma events like these, overlaid on his careful study economic history, armed Barry early on with an appreciation for the complex ways in which monetary, fiscal and regulatory policy interact with the financial cycle of risk taking. In our conversation, Barry shares his recollections of covering institutional derivatives clients through the tech bubble and the growth of capital structure arbitrage trading in its aftermath. We spend some time on the financial crisis and I gather Barry’s perspective as a senior risk taker at Lehman during that time. And lastly, I solicit Barry’s views on monetary policy in the post crisis era and just how we arrived at interest rates no one could have ever imagined would clear the market. His unpacking of the sell-off in Q4’18 reveals a fragility that may be present for years as Central Banks try to get off zero. Now the founder and Managing Partner of Ironsides Macroeconomics, Barry is bringing his insights to clients weekly, helping investors better understand a truly unique time period in economics and finance. Please enjoy this episode of the Alpha Exchange, my discuss with Barry Knapp.

At first blush, market volatility and fragility would appear to be two sides of the same coin. But for Ben Bowler and his global team at BAML, the last 5 years has uniquely seen muted overall daily volatility punctuated by occasional but extreme market outbursts. In Ben’s role as global head of derivative research, he has studied this period - one in which market kurtosis, that pesky 4th moment, has been substantially high. Perhaps owing to the conditioning wrought by the heavy hand of Central Banks, investors have, in Bowler’s rendering, increasingly competed for “dip Alpha”. Thus, the market’s growing tendency to lurch from calm to calamity as crowded positioning is unwound and then ultimately re-established once the Central Bank asserts its desire to see easier financial conditions. The result is a remarkable change in the character of market volatility post crisis. In addition to exploring the notion of market fragility, my conversation with Ben considers the volatility risk premium, the value of signals from the landscape of cross-asset vol, and the impact of vol selling on the market’s gamma profile and resulting level of realized index volatility. We also broadly discuss the impact of risk control funds, the speed with which exposures can be de-risked and the greater incidence of flash-crash type events. Ben's insights are excellent. I hope you enjoy this discussion as much as I did, my conversation with Ben Bowler on this episode of the Alpha Exchange.

Today’s derivatives markets – characterized by a vast array of complex OTC products, options with maturities as short as one day, and an ever increasing pool of non-equity ETFs – bear little resemblance to those of the 1970’s. In the earliest days of the listed options market, there were calls but not puts, limited expirations and just a sprinkling of single stock underlyings. It was in this era that Robert Whaley came on the scene and made an immediate impact. Armed with a PhD in finance from the University of Toronto, Professor Whaley quickly dove into the empirical study of derivatives markets, focusing on important topics such as the valuation of American put options, how option markets anticipate quarterly earnings announcements and the impact of program trading on the 1987 stock market crash. It was in 1993 that Professor Whaley published a paper that would fundamentally change the landscape of risk management. His Journal of Derivatives piece “Derivatives on market volatility: Hedging tools long overdue” described a brand new concept that sought to create a standardized metric for the cost of index options. More than 26 years later, the VIX is vastly a part of the language spoken not just by option market participants but by the investment community at large. Now, not merely a calculation, but a tradeable asset used for both speculation and hedging, the VIX index plays an important role in how investors read market risk dynamics and seek to profit from changes in volatility. Today, Professor Whaley is the Valere Blair Potter Professor of Management and Director of the Financial Markets Research Center at the Owen Graduate School of Management at Vanderbilt University. I was honored to have the opportunity to speak with Professor Whaley and learn more about his long and successful career in academia, his wide body of financial research and his meaningful perspective on the evolution of the VIX index over the years. Please enjoy this episode of the Alpha Exchange.

There is but one Convexity Maven in the world, a moniker that belongs uniquely to Harley Bassman. A 35 year career in financial markets has left Harley steeped in all things relating to the price of and characteristics of optionality. Our discussion on this episode of the Alpha Exchange starts with the early days of his career, including a position in Treasury option markets in the early 1980s. Juxtapose that experience - when rates and inflation were sky high - with his more recent market presence when rates and rate vol have rarely been lower - and one can appreciate the breadth of experience Harley has had. Our conversation covers the term structure of rate volatility, the variance risk premium and the way in which option sellers convert potential future capital gains to present day income. Along the way, we discuss the MOVE index, a well-followed metric for bond option volatility that Harley designed, as he explains how the MOVE is tied the slope of the yield curve. Lastly, Harley shares his views on global disinflation and what Central Banks are up against. Please enjoy this episode of the Alpha Exchange, my discussion with Harley Bassman.

There’s not much natural intersection between the study of mathematics and Russian literature. But for the ever-curious mind of Ray Iwanowski, the Wharton School provided exposure to both. Ultimately, Ray’s interest in math and physics would lead him to finance where he came upon the Black-Scholes equation and option pricing theory. After a stint in fixed income research focused on modeling mortgage securities, Ray set upon the Ph.D. program at the University of Chicago in the early 1990s, a vibrant time for advancement in the empirical study of asset pricing. Utilizing the toolkit he developed, Ray landed at Goldman Sachs Asset Management where he ultimately co-ran the firm’s Global Alpha business. Today, Ray is co-founder and CIO of SECOR Asset Management, a firm that provides customized portfolio solutions to institutional clients around the world. My conversation with Ray considers the current state of factor investing in light of the increasingly competitive search for alpha. In the process, we look back on the 2007 quant crisis, exploring the questions of factor timing, crowding risks, and the correlation of momentum and value strategies. We also look forward as Ray shares his views on harnessing data and utilizing artificial intelligence and machine learning. Lastly, we delve into the volatility risk premium, how it has evolved over time, and the reflexive properties of volatility. I thoroughly enjoyed this conversation, and the perspective Ray offered through his experience as a quant investor. Now, my discussion with Ray Iwanowski on this episode of the Alpha Exchange.

After a lengthy and successful tenure on the risk-taking side in equity volatility, Henry Schwartz decided the US listed options community would benefit from technology that made reading the tape easier. In 2005, he launched Trade Alert, a fintech innovation that does just that. Nearly 15 years later, Trade Alert is a tool employed by buy-side and sell-side market participants who value the functionality in piecing together the continuous and often complex flow within the US options market. My conversation with Henry is a meaningful retrospective on the changes in the derivatives markets that have resulted from technology. We look back to an era gone by – pre-ETFs, pre-electronic trading and before options were dually listed. Henry shares his perspective on the evolution and growth of the marketplace and the key events that led to the proliferation of exchanges, different fee structures, and new types of investors. Please enjoy this episode of the Alpha Exchange, my discussion with Henry Schwartz.

When your very first day in the investment industry happens to coincide with a 20% plunge in the S&P 500 Index, your ultimate risk philosophy is likely to incorporate a strong appreciation for market psychology. Such is the case for Gerard Minack, who began his career on October 19th, 1987. Plying his trade throughout the 1990’s, Gerard would ultimately rise to lead Morgan Stanley’s macro strategy effort. In 2013, seeking to increase his PB ratio, he launched his own firm, Minack Advisors, focused on delivering his insights on markets, monetary policy and the global economy to an institutional client base. Our conversation is part retrospective on the history of important risk events, where we delve into both the tech bubble and the Global Financial Crisis and discuss the powerful role of psychology during both episodes. On a more current basis, Gerard shares his analysis of the extraordinary monetary policy regime including negative rates and QE, both of which he views as underwhelming with respect to their ultimate impact on growth and inflation. Gerard has strong views on structural secular stagnation, a thesis he lays out utilizing a framework that gives weight to slowing population growth and the mismatch between global savings and investment. I also solicit his views on disinflation, the Phillips Curve and Modern Monetary Theory. I find Gerard Minack’s insights highly compelling and I hope you enjoy our conversation in this episode of the Alpha Exchange.

Utilizing a framework built over two decades, Alex Kazan is keenly attuned to today’s complex world of geopolitical risks and the implications for markets. Argentina’s sovereign default episode two decades ago demonstrated the importance of institutional credibility with respect to managing through an economic and currency crisis. Years later, the Great Financial Crisis would further inform Alex of the interaction between policymaker goals and what markets would and could bear. Today, as a Managing Director at Eurasia Group, Alex and his team bring a rigorous combination of economics and an understanding of country risk to assessing the geopolitical chess game. Our excellent conversation covers European populism, Brexit, the US / China standoff on trade and the hollowing out of Centrism in America’s politics. Among the risks that keep Alex up at night is the potential for what he calls an “innovation winter” — a politically underpinned shortfall of the financial and human capital needed to drive the next generation of emerging technologies.

A native Australian, Christian Hauff capitalized on the financial crisis to co-found Quantitative Brokers with Robert Almgren in 2009. After working together on the development of agency algorithmic technology in equities and equity options, Christian and Rob saw an opportunity to apply some of that IP to the world of fixed income, where no such solutions existed at the time. Christian describes the “trader’s dilemma”, a challenge that every investor faces in whether to execute a desired trade instantaneously or to work this order over a period of time. He explains how his firm’s algorithms help its clients optimize this trade-off to minimize slippage and reduce their implementation short-fall. Our conversation provides insights on the early days of QB, where countless hours were spent in the lab studying the “rule book” of Eurodollar futures to better understand micro-structure mechanics that underpin Algo execution strategies. We also talk about research at QB, including its deep-dive into the Treasury Flash Rally of October 2014 and the VIX spike in February 2018. Lastly, Christian shares his views on the future of agency electronic execution including the trend toward more robust transaction cost analysis, improved access to more markets such as FX and centralized clearing. I hope you enjoy this episode of the Alpha Exchange, my wide-ranging conversation with Christian Hauff.