The Christian Psychologist: Mental Health for 21st Century Christ Followers

Joshua Knabb
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Mar 10, 2024 • 33min

Episode 58: Contrast Avoidance

ReferencesAbernethy, A. (2022). Savoring scripture: A six-step guide to studying the Bible. InterVarsity Press.Guigo II. (2019). The ladder of monks. Independent publishing.Knabb, J. (2021). Christian meditation in clinical practice: A four-step model and workbook for therapists and clients. InterVarsity Press.LaFreniere, L. S., & Newman, M. G. (2023). Reducing contrast avoidance in GAD by savoring positive emotions: Outcome and mediation in a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 93, 102659.Llera, S. J., & Newman, M. G. (2017). Development and validation of two measures of emotional contrast avoidance: The contrast avoidance questionnaires. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 49, 114-127.Newman, M. G., & Llera, S. J. (2011). A novel theory of experiential avoidance in generalized anxiety disorder: A review and synthesis of research supporting a contrast avoidance model of worry. Clinical Psychology Review, 31(3), 371-382.Newman, M. G., & Przeworski, A. (2024). Introduction to a special issue on the contrast avoidance model. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 102, 102831.Newman, M. G., Rackoff, G. N., Zhu, Y., & Kim, H. (2023). A transdiagnostic evaluation of contrast avoidance across generalized anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder, and social anxiety disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 93, 102662.Piper, J. (2004). Seeing and savoring Jesus Christ. Crossway. Quoidbach, J., Berry, E. V., Hansenne, M., & Mikolajczak, M. (2010). Positive emotion regulation and well-being: Comparing the impact of eight savoring and dampening strategies. Personality and Individual Differences, 49(5), 368-373.Smith, J. L., & Bryant, F. B. (2013). Are we having fun yet? Savoring, Type A behavior, and vacation enjoyment. International Journal of Wellbeing, 3(1).
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Feb 25, 2024 • 27min

Episode 57: Transitional Characters

ReferencesBoullier, M., & Blair, M. (2018). Adverse childhood experiences. Paediatrics and Child Health, 28(3), 132-137.Broderick, C. (1992). Marriage and the family (3rd ed.). Prentice Hall.Earle, M. (2011). Celtic Christian spirituality: Essential writings—annotated & explained.  SkyLight Paths Publishing.Earle, M., & Maddox, S. (2004). Holy companions: Spiritual practices from the Celtic saints. Morehouse Publishing.Knabb, J. (2021). Christian meditation in clinical practice: A four-step model and workbook for therapists and clients. InterVarsity Press.O’Brien, P. (1999). The letter to the Ephesians. William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. Wright, C. (2017). Cultivating the fruit of the Spirit: Growing in Christlikeness. InterVarsity Press.
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Feb 11, 2024 • 33min

Episode 56: Spiritual Struggles

ReferencesDworsky, C. K. O., Pargament, K. I., Gibbel, M. R., Faigin, C. A., Haugen, M. R. G., Desai, K. M., & Warner, H. L. (2013). Winding road: Preliminary support for a spiritually integrated intervention addressing college students’ spiritual struggles. In Research in the Social Scientific Study of Religion, 24, 309-339.Exline, J. J., Pargament, K. I., Grubbs, J. B., & Yali, A. M. (2014). The Religious and Spiritual Struggles Scale: Development and initial validation. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 6(3), 208.Finley, J. (2004). Christian meditation: Experiencing the presence of God. HarperCollins.Knabb, J. (2021). Christian meditation in clinical practice: A four-step model and workbook for therapists and clients. InterVarsity Press.Knabb, J. J., Frederick, T. V., & Cumming III, G. (2017). Surrendering to god’s providence: A three-part study on providence-focused therapy for recurrent worry (PFT-RW). Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 9(2), 180.May, G. (2004). The dark night of the soul: A psychiatrist explores the connection between darkness and spiritual growth. HarperCollins.McColman, C. (2010). The big book of Christian mysticism: The essential guide to contemplative spirituality. Hampton Roads Publishing Company, Inc.Pargament, K., & Exline, J. (2020). Religious and spiritual struggles: Research is shedding new light on an overlooked but important human experience. https://www.apa.org/topics/belief-systems-religion/spiritual-strugglesReist Gibbel, M., Regueiro, V., & Pargament, K. I. (2019). A spiritually integrated intervention for spiritual struggles among adults with mental illness: Results of an initial evaluation. Spirituality in Clinical Practice, 6(4), 240.Scazzero, P. (2006). Emotionally healthy spirituality: Unleash the power of authentic life in Christ. Thomas Nelson. The Upper Room Dictionary of Christian Spiritual Formation. (2003). Dark night. Upper Room Books. Wilt, J. A., Exline, J. J., & Pargament, K. I. (2022). Daily measures of religious/spiritual struggles: Relations to depression, anxiety, satisfaction with life, and meaning. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 14(3), 312.
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Jan 28, 2024 • 27min

Episode 55: Attention

This discussion highlights the powerful role attentional control plays in mental health. By directing focus towards meaningful aspects of life, individuals can significantly reduce feelings of anxiety and depression. Personal stories illustrate how maintaining focused attention deepens one's connection with spiritual practices like contemplation and centering prayer. The impact of mindfulness techniques is also emphasized, showcasing their potential to enhance both psychological well-being and spiritual growth.
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Jan 14, 2024 • 28min

Episode 54: Cognitive Distortions

Explore the complex world of cognitive distortions and their impact on mental well-being. Discover how distorted thinking shapes emotions and behaviors from both psychological and Christian perspectives. Learn about cognitive behavioral therapy techniques that effectively address negative thought patterns. Dive into the importance of renewing one's mind with biblical insights, emphasizing balanced thinking over mere positivity. Gain practical strategies for recognizing and correcting these unhelpful thought patterns to foster emotional and spiritual growth.
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Dec 10, 2023 • 31min

Episode 53: Forgiveness

ReferencesAPA Dictionary of Psychology. (n.d.). Forgiveness. https://dictionary.apa.org/forgivenessBeeke, J., & Jones, M. (2012). A Puritan theology: Doctrine for life. Reformation Heritage Books.Davis, J. C. (2001). Pardoning Puritanism: Community, character, and forgiveness in the work of Richard Baxter. Journal of Religious Ethics, 29(2), 283-306.Gao, F., Li, Y., & Bai, X. (2022). Forgiveness and subjective well-being: A meta-analysis review. Personality and Individual Differences, 186, 111350.Holman Bible Dictionary. (2004). Forgiveness. Holman Bible Publishers.Knabb, J. (2021). Christian meditation in clinical practice: A four-step model and workbook for therapists and clients. InterVarsity Press.Lin, Y., Worthington Jr., E. L., Griffin, B. J., Greer, C. L., Opare‐Henaku, A., Lavelock, C. R., & Muller, H. (2014). Efficacy of REACH forgiveness across cultures. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 70(9), 781-793.Rasmussen, K. R., Stackhouse, M., Boon, S. D., Comstock, K., & Ross, R. (2019). Meta-analytic connections between forgiveness and health: The moderating effects of forgiveness-related distinctions. Psychology & Health, 34(5), 515-534.Upper Room Dictionary of Christian Spiritual Formation. (2003). Forgiveness. Upper Room Books. Wade, N. G., Worthington Jr, E. L., & Meyer, J. E. (2005). But do they work? A meta-analysis of group interventions to promote forgiveness. Handbook of Forgiveness, 423-440.Wade, N. G., Hoyt, W. T., Kidwell, J. E., & Worthington Jr., E. L. (2014). Efficacy of psychotherapeutic interventions to promote forgiveness: a meta-analysis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 82(1), 154.Worthington, E. (2003). Forgiving and reconciling: Bridges to wholeness and hope. InterVarsity Press.Worthington, E. (n.d.). REACH forgiveness of others. http://www.evworthington-forgiveness.com/reach-forgiveness-of-others
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Nov 26, 2023 • 33min

Episode 52: The Ordinary Life

ReferencesFeldman, G., Hayes, A., Kumar, S., Greeson, J., & Laurenceau, J. P. (2007). Mindfulness and emotion regulation: The development and initial validation of the Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised (CAMS-R). Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 29, 177-190.Horton, M. (2014). Ordinary: Sustainable faith in a radical, restless world. Zondervan.Knabb, J. (2021). Christian meditation in clinical practice: A four-step model and workbook for therapists and clients. InterVarsity Press.Lawrence, B. (2015). The practice of the presence of God. ICS Publications.Rendall Risner, V. (2016). What does it really mean to be #blessed? https://www.desiringgod.org/articles/what-does-it-really-mean-to-be-blessedSiegel, R. (2022). The extraordinary gift of being ordinary: Finding happiness right where you are. The Guilford Press.
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Nov 12, 2023 • 32min

Episode 51: Shame

ReferencesAPA Dictionary of Psychology. (n.d.). Shame. https://dictionary.apa.org/shameBonhoeffer, D. (1955). Ethics. Touchstone.Bonhoeffer, D. (1959). Creation and fall. Touchstone.Ceclan, A. A., & Nechita, D. M. (2021). The effects of self‐compassion components on shame‐proneness in individuals with depression: An exploratory study. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 28(5), 1103-1110.Cohen, T., Wolf, S., Panter, A., & Insko, C. (2011). Introducing the GASP scale: A new measure of guilt and shame proneness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100, 947-966.Gilbert, P. (1998). What is shame? Some core issues and controversies. In P. Gilbert & B. Andrews (Eds.), Shame: Interpersonal behavior, psychopathology, and culture (pp. 3-38). Oxford University Press.Gilbert, P., & Irons, C. (2009). Shame, self-criticism, and self-compassion in adolescence. In N. Allen & L. Sheeber (Eds.), Adolescent emotional development and the emergence of depressive disorders (pp. 195-214). Cambridge University Press.Knabb, J. (2018). The compassion-based workbook for Christian clients: Finding freedom from shame and negative self-judgments. Routledge.Knabb, J. (2021). Christian meditation in clinical practice: A four-step model and workbook for therapists and clients. InterVarsity Press.MacBeth, A., & Gumley, A. (2012). Exploring compassion: A meta-analysis of the association between self-compassion and psychopathology. Clinical Psychology Review, 32(6), 545-552.Neff, K. D. (2016). The self-compassion scale is a valid and theoretically coherent measure of self-compassion. Mindfulness, 7, 264-274.Nelson’s Illustrated Bible Dictionary. (2014). Shame. Thomas Nelson.Reilly, E. B., & Stuyvenberg, C. L. (2022). A meta-analysis of loving-kindness meditations on self-compassion. Mindfulness, 1-12.Scheel, C. N., Eisenbarth, H., & Rentzsch, K. (2020). Assessment of different dimensions of shame proneness: Validation of the SHAME. Assessment, 27(8), 1699-1717.Tangney, J., Wagner, P., & Gramzow, R. (1992). Proneness to shame, proneness to guilt, and psychopathology. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 101, 469-478.Vazquez, V., Knabb, J., Lee-Johnson, C., & Hays, K. (2023). Healing conversations on race: Four key practices from Scripture and psychology. IVP Academic.
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Oct 29, 2023 • 33min

Episode 50: Contempt

ReferencesAPA Dictionary of Psychology. (n.d.). Contempt. https://dictionary.apa.org/contemptBarclay, W. (1974). New Testament words. SCM Press.King James Dictionary. (n.d.). Contempt. https://av1611.com/kjbp/kjv-dictionary/contempt.htmlKnabb, J. (2021). Christian meditation in clinical practice: A four-step model and workbook for therapists and clients. InterVarsity Press.Salsberg, S. (1995). Lovingkindness: The revolutionary art of happiness. Shambhala Publications, Inc.Schriber, R. A., Chung, J. M., Sorensen, K. S., & Robins, R. W. (2017). Dispositional contempt: A first look at the contemptuous person. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 113(2), 280.Shonin, E., Van Gordon, W., Compare, A., Zangeneh, M., & Griffiths, M. D. (2015). Buddhist-derived loving-kindness and compassion meditation for the treatment of psychopathology: A systematic review. Mindfulness, 6, 1161-1180.Strong’s Concordance. (n.d.). Eleos. https://biblehub.com/greek/1656.htmStrong’s Concordance. (n.d.). Exoutheneo. https://biblehub.com/greek/1848.htmThe Gottman Institute. (n.d.). The four horsemen: Contempt. https://www.gottman.com/blog/the-four-horsemen-contempt/
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Oct 15, 2023 • 25min

Episode 49: Hope

ReferencesAPA Dictionary of Psychology. (n.d.). Hope. https://dictionary.apa.org/hopeBarclay, W. (1974). New Testament words. SCM Press.Beeke, J., & Jones, M. (2012). A Puritan theology: Doctrine for life. Reformation Heritage Books.Corn, B. W., Feldman, D. B., & Wexler, I. (2020). The science of hope. The Lancet Oncology, 21(9), e452-e459.Favale, D., Nacci, M., Bellomo, A., Torales, J., Castaldelli-Maia, J. M., & Ventriglio, A. (2023). Hope and resilience among patients affected by unipolar and bipolar depression. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 00207640221147166.Knabb, J. (2021). Christian meditation in clinical practice: A four-step model and workbook for therapists and clients. InterVarsity Press.Rustøen, T., Cooper, B. A., & Miaskowski, C. (2011). A longitudinal study of the effects of a hope intervention on levels of hope and psychological distress in a community-based sample of oncology patients. European Journal of Oncology Nursing, 15(4), 351-357.Snyder, C. R., Sympson, S. C., Ybasco, F. C., Borders, T. F., Babyak, M. A., & Higgins, R. L. (1996). Development and validation of the State Hope Scale. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(2), 321.

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