Reason with Science

This episode is with Bernardo Kastrup.Bernardo is an author, philosopher, and director of the Essentia Foundation. He has a Ph.D. in philosophy and another Ph.D. in computer engineering specializing in artificial intelligence. As a scientist, Bernardo has worked for the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) and the Philips Research Laboratories (where the 'Casimir Effect' of Quantum Field Theory was discovered).In this conversation we talk about drawbacks of materialism, what is consciousness?, nature of reality, panpsychism, analytical idealism, free will, what is time?, meaning of life and death. Guest info: Website: https://www.bernardokastrup.com/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/BernardoKastrup Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/BernardoKastrup/ Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCeDZCa3VrRQvzBlVR-oVVmA Amazon: https://www.amazon.com/Bernardo-Kastrup/e/B004OFGCA4/ Episode links: Website: https://www.reasonwithscience.com/home/nature-of-reality-with-bernardo-kastrup Youtube: https://youtu.be/hP8zqrVndfQ Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/67MtexvfkKy95rZv5ylZ2F?si=rJWth3e0R8mY7CkwMubSmQ Apple podcast: https://podcastsconnect.apple.com/my-podcasts/show/reason-with-science/407cd478-4271-4319-8318-fc378d4e7ccb/episode/nature-of-reality-with-bernardo-kastrup/f99141b8-28a8-415e-b47c-a379664d3e66 Google podcast: https://podcastsmanager.google.com/episode?show=show%3AktGOqSvOM5S386E5jDIB0g&episode=aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy9iMjMyNDZlOC9wb2RjYXN0L3BsYXkvNTcwMzY4NDUvaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZkM2N0eGxxMWt0dzJubC5jbG91ZGZyb250Lm5ldCUyRnN0YWdpbmclMkYyMDIyLTgtMyUyRjcwZjY0ZTJmLWJjYzQtOGUzMi1lMjc1LTMyMWM0ZDNiYzdkNi5tcDM&daterange=LAST_28D&hl=en Follow Reason with Science: Website: https://www.reasonwithscience.com/ Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/reasonwithscience Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/5qFLGsPWjL4GAGidmF2nKh Apple podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/reason-with-science/id1641776894 Google podcast: https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy9iMjMyNDZlOC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw Timestamps: 00:00:00 Introduction 00:01:02 Most difficult questions about the cosmos 00:02:54 Science and materialism 00:05:27 Limitations of minds 00:07:36 How well science describes the nature of reality? 00:11:43 Is consciousness an illusion? 00:16:39 Issues with materialism 00:25:24 Origin of life 00:27:56 Science of complexity 00:33:54 How to refute emergence of consciousness? 00:42:19 Psychedelic experiences 00:48:19 Consciousness under analytical idealism 00:50:33 Idealism and trans-personal experiences 00:57:16 Origin of consciousness 01:00:38 What is wetness of the water? 01:05:36 Panpsychism and Solipsism 01:17:58 Consciousness in other species 01:24:31 Will artificial life be conscious? 01:29:10 What is death? 01:33:02 Idealism for meaning of life 01:39:46 What is time? 01:48:11 Western mind 01:53:44 Science of consciousness under idealism 02:24:14 Thank you!

This is a conversation with a theoretical physicist Avi Loeb. He is a  Professor of Science at Harvard University and a bestselling author of  the book "Extraterrestrial: the first sign of an intelligent life beyond  earth" In this conversation we talk about are we alone in the  universe?, first interstellar object named Oumuamua, how we can detect  alien intelligent life and the Galileo project.   More about Avi's work: https://lweb.cfa.harvard.edu/~loeb/  Buy Avi's book:  https://www.amazon.com/Extraterrestrial-First-Intelligent-Beyond-Earth-ebook/dp/B081TTY4NX   Timeline of the session:  00:00:00 Introduction  00:01:22 Journey to become a professor at Harvard university  00:07:15 Drake's equation and number of intelligent civilizations in the Universe  00:13:36 Oumuamua 00:17:55 Oumuamua like objects  00:18:55 Oumuamua product of another intelligent civilization  00:24:40 Nature of Oumuamua  00:31:26 The Galileo project   00:37:38 Size of the extraterrestrial objects and our telescopes  00:42:02 Are we ready to meet an alien intelligent civilization?  00:50:56 Scientific method   00:58:29 Are there any good/bad questions in science?  01:02:20 Wars and progress of humanity!  01:04:45 Impact of realizing that we are not alone!  01:05:45 Probability of humanity getting extinct!  01:07:49 Space exploration  01:10:11 Purpose of humanity  01:12:36 Future of astrophysics and humanity  01:14:23 Thank you!   Other conversations and talks:  1) Intelligent Life Beyond Earth  @Commonwealth Club of California    2) Was Earth visited by intelligent life?  @KTLA 5    3) Aliens, Black Holes, and the Mystery of the Oumuamua  @Lex Fridman    4) How the Scientific Community Isn't Open Minded  @PowerfulJRE    5) Avi Loeb on evidence of close extraterrestrial encounters  @CBS Mornings    6) Extraterrestrial Life ( https://youtu.be/uFrBcy0P6iM)  @Museum of Science, Boston      #reasonwithscience #aliens #aviloeb

This is a conversation with Carole Hooven. She teaches in and co-directs the undergraduate program in the Department of Human Evolutionary Biology at Harvard University. She is also an author of a great book "T: The story of testosterone". Here we talk about what is testosterone?, Evolution of testosterone, how it affects the behavior and shapes the society?        More about Carole's work: http://www.carolehooven.com/ Follow Carole on twitter: https://twitter.com/hoovlet  Episode links: 1) Website: https://www.reasonwithscience.com/home/science-of-testosterone-with-carole-hooven 2) Youtube: https://youtu.be/mYqz5OYMvRI Timeline of the session:  00:00:00 Introduction  00:01:18 Carole's work area  00:03:36 Motivation to write a book on Testosterone  00:07:46 What is testosterone?   00:19:08 Testosterone levels  00:20:30 How do we define a male or a female?  00:27:56 Effects of Testosterone   00:36:04 Red deer and Testosterone levels  00:42:21 Effects of testosterone in other apes  00:47:15 Correlation between hierarchies and T-levels  00:48:29 Testosterone levels during lifetime  00:49:39 CAH (Congenital Androgen Hyperplasia) and CAIS (Congenital Androgen Insensitive Syndrome)   00:58:56 T-levels during the process of sex-change  01:03:29 Testosterone and homosexuality  01:07:08 Deterministic view of Testosterone  01:09:49 Meditation and testosterone   01:14:21 Testosterone and the society  01:21:06 Thank you! Follow for more!

This episode is with Martin Rees. Prof. Rees is a cosmologist and astrophysicist at Cambridge University  and  co-founder of the Centre for the Study of Existential Risk. He was  President of the Royal Society. His latest book is 'On the future: Prospects for humanity'. In this conversation we talk about the evidence for big bang, aliens,  threats to humanity, space travel and how to envision the future of  humanity?   More about Martin's work: https://www.martinrees.uk/  Follow Martin on twitter: https://twitter.com/LordMartinRees   Timestamps:  00:00:00 Introduction  00:00:55 Progress of humanity so far!   00:01:53 Contribution of science and technology to the future of humanity   00:04:40 What is science and technology?   00:06:16 Debates on science and religion  00:07:20 Copernican revolution   00:08:55 Our place in the universe  00:12:26 How complexity arises from matter?  00:13:23 Is everything deterministic?   00:14:28 Predicting effectively  00:15:46 How will we go extinct?   00:18:09 Issues with globalization   00:20:03 Why can't we resolve the issues of climate change?  00:22:50 Should we be alarmed about genetic engineering?  00:27:21 Artificial intelligence and it's future impacts  00:29:29 Silicon-based future of humanity   00:31:26 Humanity beyond earth   00:33:25 Humans exploring the universe  00:37:13 Space exploration advantages  00:39:30 Other species for humans survival   00:41:25 Message to humanity 00:44:22 Thank you!

This episode is with Frans De Waal. He is a professor in Emory  University's psychology department and the Director of the Living Links  Center at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center. He is the author  of several popular books like 'Chimpanzee politics', The age of empathy'  and 'The bonobo and the atheist'. His latest book is 'Different: gender  through the eyes of a primatologist'. In this conversation we talk about  evolution of sex and gender in humans, primates, and mammals.   More about Frans's work: https://www.emory.edu/LIVING_LINKS/people/dewaal.shtml  List of his books: https://www.amazon.com/Frans-De-Waal/e/B000APOHE0/ref=aufs_dp_mata_dsk   Timestamps:  00:00:00 Introduction  00:00:54 Primatologist's take on gender     00:06:54 Biases in human cultures   00:08:15 Sex and gender in the society   00:10:58 Difference between sex and gender    00:15:11 Toxic masculinity  00:16:48 Do sapiens have male dominated societies?  00:20:20 Power struggles in the societies   00:21:39 Violence in the societies   00:23:47 Violence in the bonobos  00:25:10 Can we decrease the violence?  00:28:19 Can nurture control nature?  00:28:50 Rapes in primates    00:31:15 Friendship, cooperation and peacemaking   00:35:39 Monogamy in primates   00:37:06 Same-sex sex   00:39:31 Transgenders  00:45:23 Maternal instincts and xenophobia    00:52:37 How far nurture can change nature?    01:00:07 Thank you!   

This is a conversation with Dr. Robert Lustig. Dr. Lustig is a neuroendocrinologist with expertise in metabolism, obesity, and nutrition.  He’s the Emeritus Professor of Pediatrics in the Division of Endocrinology at UCSF. His latest book is Metabolical: The Lure and the Lies of Processed Food, Nutrition, and Modern Medicine. In this conversation we talk about role of processed food in the chronic diseases, Focus of modern medicine, what is the best diet?, science of sugar and importance of nutrition.   Find our more about Dr. Lustig's work: https://robertlustig.com/ Check out his books: https://robertlustig.com/books/  Timestamps:  00:00:00 Introduction  00:02:14 What does healthy mean?   00:08:06 Prevention is better than cure!   00:09:16 Focus of present medicine  00:13:04 Metabolic syndrome   00:16:56 A calorie is calorie!  00:23:51 Protect the liver and feed the gut!  00:25:31 Importance of fiber in diet!  00:28:38 Role of exercise for health  00:30:42 Changing the society for good health   00:33:00 Role of genetics and metabolic syndrome  00:37:31 What is a good diet? 00:41:32 Intermittent fasting    00:43:25 Sugar in processed food  00:45:35 Real foods   00:48:23 Public education about nutrition   00:57:46 Eating desserts   01:01:18 Thank you!

This is second part of the conversation with Prof. Alice Hughes. She is  working at XTBG in China. Her work focuses on understanding patterns of  biodiversity and drivers of biodiversity change, with an aim to form  more rigorous & appropriate conservation. In this conversation we  discuss about what are bats, evolution of bats, importance of the bats  for the biodiversity, bats and viruses, eating bats, bats and pandemic,  biodiversity, importance of biodiversity, various ways for biodiversity  conservation, diversity in science and women in science. Guest info:  Website: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1HNTYjVHFATRbARoPvs-VYFplsy6WSZpJ8CLexygh2IA/edit Twitter: https://twitter.com/AliceCHughes?s=20 Episode links: Website: https://www.reasonwithscience.com/home/bats-pandemic-and-women-in-science-with-alice-hughes Youtube: https://youtu.be/lmtiT04a1so Spotify:  Apple podcast:   Google podcast:  Follow Reason with Science: Website: https://www.reasonwithscience.com/ Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/reasonwithscience Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/5qFLGsPWjL4GAGidmF2nKh Apple podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/reason-with-science/id1641776894 Google podcast: https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy9iMjMyNDZlOC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw Timestamps: 0:00 Introduction  0:51 What are bats?  04:57 How many species of bats?  05:42 Evolution of bats?  08:12 Habitats of bats?  11:35 Immunity of bats  17:00 Are bats beautiful?  21:14 Eating bats  24:49 Why we should know, what to eat  26:30 Lifestyle for you and others  27:18 Why do we need biodiversity?  31:10 Biodiverse world  31:31 Challenges for the conservation of biodiversity  34:22 Biodiversity and role of consumers  36:13 Being conscious of what are you eating  39:13 What you can do from distance for biodiversity conservation?  44:03 Supporting local populations to support biodiversity  51:17 Diversity in science 52:28 Gender roles in science  54:53 Science of genders  57:02 How to overcome gender biases?   1:00:30 Can 50-50% formula work in research institutes?  1:05:10 Education and science communication to flourish science  1:07:27 Nobel prizes for women!  1:09:38 Experience of a woman in science  1:11:24 Find out more about Alice's work  1:12:07 Thanks!

Michael Strevens is a professor of Philosophy at New York University. He  is specialized on the philosophy of science. His major interests  include explanation, complex systems, probability, confirmation, the  social structure of science, and causation; the psychology of concepts;  and the philosophical applications of cognitive science. He is the  author of The Knowledge Machine: How Irrationality Created Modern  Science, Thinking Off Your Feet: How Empirical Psychology Vindicates  Armchair Philosophy and Depth.  In this conversation, we talk about: philosophy of science, work of the  great philosophers of science Karl Popper and Thomas Kuhn, what is  science, how science works, the knowledge machine, iron rule,  irrationality of science, arrival of modern science, iron rule of  science for artificial intelligence.   Guest info :  Website : http://www.strevens.org/  Amazon: https://www.amazon.com/Michael-Strevens/e/B001JSCAMI/ref=dp_byline_cont_pop_book_1   Episode links:   Website: https://www.reasonwithscience.com/home/philosophy-meets-science-with-michael-strevens  Youtube: https://youtu.be/1FfqgPceI2Y  Spotify:   Apple podcast:   Google podcast:    Follow Reason with Science:   Website: https://www.reasonwithscience.com/   Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/reasonwithscience   Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/5qFLGsPWjL4GAGidmF2nKh   Apple podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/reason-with-science/id1641776894   Google podcast: https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy9iMjMyNDZlOC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw   Here's the outline of the session:  0:00 Introduction   0:38 A philosopher of science    1:47 Work of Karl popper and Thomas Kuhn   4:43 What did Popper and Kuhn miss?   8:39 What is science?    17:40 The knowledge machine   21:37 Irrational science    31:28 Nature of empirical evidence    37:50 Power struggles in science    42:16 Iron rule of science    49:10 Einstein was right!    51:35 Proof reading in science    54:49 Why it took so much time for science to arrive?    1:01:08 Power of science    1:04:44 Science and pseudoscience    1:07:31 Education and science    1:11:09 Who is a scientist?   1:16:20 Read the knowledge machine    1:19:02 Science with robots   1:22:16 More about Michael's work   Listen to Michael's talk at the royal institute: https://youtu.be/aaf6qDk3-ic   #philosophy #reasonwithscience #evolution

This is the conversation with Prof. Alice Hughes. She is working at XTBG  in China. Her work focuses on understanding patterns of biodiversity  and drivers of biodiversity change, with an aim to form more rigorous  & appropriate conservation. In this conversation we discuss about  what is evolution, how it works, why it is important to study, Evolution  vs intelligent design, Artificial breeding, proof of evolution and  complex traits like altruism.  Guest info: Researchgate: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Alice-Hughes-3 Twitter: https://twitter.com/AliceCHughes CV: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1HNTYjVHFATRbARoPvs-VYFplsy6WSZpJ8CLexygh2IA/edit Episode links:  Website: https://www.reasonwithscience.com/home/what-is-evolution-with-alice-hughes Youtube: https://youtu.be/N7_TKmEX_Y0 Spotify:  Apple podcast:  Google podcast: Follow Reason with Science:  Website: https://www.reasonwithscience.com/  Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/reasonwithscience  Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/5qFLGsPWjL4GAGidmF2nKh  Apple podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/reason-with-science/id1641776894  Google podcast: https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy9iMjMyNDZlOC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw Timestamps:  00:00:00 Introduction  00:00:57 Alice's work  00:03:36 Life beyond humans  00:05:12 What Evolution by natural selection is?  00:12:12 Timescale of evolution  00:17:15 What is genetics and a gene?  00:22:25 Effects of changes in genes  00:24:01 Importance of variation in natural selection  00:25:03 Strangeness of Panda's  00:26:18 Importance of breeding for evolution  00:27:39 A walk toward our common ancestor with chimpanzees and bonobos  00:31:40 Success of humans in passing on their gene pools  00:35:28 Evolution of religion  00:38:53 Evolution vs Intelligent design  00:42:47 Proof of evolution  00:45:45 Sexual or asexual reproduction  00:49:37 Altruism   00:52:45 Homosexuality  00:56:24 Adoption  00:58:59 Why it is difficult to understand evolution?  01:02:23 Material to read  01:03:17 Thanks!

Renowned 93-year-old zoologist, Desmond Morris, discusses his early life, zoology, surrealism, writing 'The Naked Ape', human tribalism, gender roles, and secrets to long life. Topics include art vs. science, urban tribes, overpopulation impact, gender roles, artistic brain, longevity, behavior complexity, and effects of being solitary.