In this engaging discussion, Sathnam Sanghera, author of Empireland and Empireworld, delves into the fascinating ties between Kew Gardens and British imperialism. He explores how Kew served as both a symbol and a catalyst for revolutionary industries, like rubber cultivation. The dark consequences of these pursuits on indigenous populations are also highlighted. Sanghera examines the historical roots of botanic gardens and their intertwined relationship with colonial ambitions, bringing a critical lens to a seemingly tranquil topic.

Dive into the polarizing legacy of Aurangzeb, a ruler whose ruthless reign sparked fierce debates. Discover how his betrayal of family and aggressive policies led to the Mughal Empire's decline. Explore the opulence and eventual decay of the Shalimar Gardens, reflecting political tensions of the time. Unravel the sociopolitical rifts between Hindu and Muslim communities, highlighted by Aurangzeb's conflicts with leaders like Shivaji. Witness the rise of peasant resistance and the fragmentation of Mughal authority amid a changing landscape.

In this discussion, Supriya Gandhi, an expert on Mughal history, dives into the gripping tale of Shah Jahan's sons during a tumultuous power struggle. They dissect the bold claims to the throne by Shuja and Murad amid their father's illness. The conversation highlights Aurangzeb's manipulative tactics and psychological warfare, which played a pivotal role in the ensuing chaos. Supriya sheds light on Dara Shukoh's valiant efforts to maintain control and the betrayal that marked this bloody chapter, painting a vivid picture of ambition and familial treachery.

Supriya Gandhi, author of "The Emperor Who Never Was: Dara Shukoh in Mughal India," sheds light on the intense sibling rivalry between Dara Shukoh and his brother Aurangzeb during their father's illness. Dara, a luxurious Sufi and advocate for interfaith dialogue, contrasts sharply with the puritanical and calculating Aurangzeb. The discussion dives into their complex characters, the political landscape of the Mughal dynasty, and the implications of familial duty on their ambitious pursuits, painting a vivid picture of a critical moment in Indian history.

Within days of his beloved wife’s death, Shah Jahan starts designing his grandest architectural project yet to express his love for her. Her mausoleum is to be a domed, symmetrical, bright white building surrounded by aromatic gardens. But the Taj Mahal is not the only beautiful structure the Mughal Emperor commissions. One of the most extravagant examples of his work is the Peacock Throne, a dazzling display of precious gems, including the Koh-i-Noor diamond and the Timur Ruby. And Shah Jahan's architectural vision soon extends beyond Agra. He later leaves the capital, perhaps to escape the grief associated with his wife’s death, and embarks on building the city of Shahjahanabad, otherwise known as Old Delhi. Listen as William and Anita discuss Shah Jahan’s magnificent architecture…Twitter: @EmpirepodukEmail: empirepoduk@gmail.comGoalhangerpodcasts.comAssistant Producers: Anouska Lewis & Becki HillsProducer: Callum HillExec Producer: Neil Fearn Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Explore the fascinating rise of Shah Jahan, from his reserved upbringing amid family drama to becoming a powerful ruler. Discover his deep love for Mumtaz Mahal, which shaped his life and legacy. Hear about the tense succession struggles and the strong women who influenced him. The story culminates in his profound grief, leading to the creation of the Taj Mahal, a testament to love and loss. Intrigued by the blend of beauty and brutality in the Mughal Empire's history, listeners will find this narrative both captivating and emotional.

Susan Stronge, curator of the V&A exhibition on Mughal artistry, explores Emperor Jahangir's unique reign. She discusses how Jahangir was a pivotal patron of art, commissioning vibrant paintings that showcased nature and incorporated women artists like his wife, Nur Jahan. Discover the intriguing use of art as propaganda, particularly through the creation of zodiac coins. Stronge sheds light on the artistic achievements and complex relationships among Mughal artists, revealing a rich tapestry of culture that flourished under Jahangir's rule.

Nandini Das, an expert on early British-Mughal relations and author of "Courting India," dives into the intriguing tale of Sir Thomas Roe as he embarks on a diplomatic mission to win over Emperor Jahangir in 1615. Das shares fascinating insights into the cultural clashes, missteps in gift-giving, and the intricate dynamics of their relationship. Delving into economic disparities and misunderstandings, the conversation reveals how Roe's experiences laid the groundwork for the East India Company's future in India.

Dive into the tumultuous world of Jahangir, who oscillates between a love for nature and a thirst for revenge. Explore his chaotic rise to power amid familial strife and political turmoil, including a shocking act against his own son. Discover the intricate transition from Akbar's reign, cultural impacts, and the poignant emotions surrounding loss and ambition. Uncover how Jahangir's artistic pursuits clash with his brutal methods, revealing a ruler defined by both beauty and darkness.

In this engaging discussion, historian Bettany Hughes sheds light on the enigmatic Nabataean empire, renowned for its wealthy trade in frankincense and myrrh. These aromatic treasures were crucial during ancient times, often dubbed the 'tears of the gods.' Bettany delves into the impressive engineering and maritime skills of the Nabataeans, reveals their clever positioning in trade routes, and highlights their cultural legacy, including their remarkable city of Petra. Join in for an exploration of this influential yet overlooked civilization!