JAMA Clinical Reviews

Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a rare condition that requires a thorough workup to evaluate for potential causes and right heart catheterization for definitive diagnosis and decision-making about treatment options. JAMA Associate Editor Kristin Walter, MD, MS, discusses the recent JAMA review article titled “Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Classification, Diagnosis, and Treatment” with one of the authors, Nicole Ruopp, MD, assistant professor of medicine at Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine. Related Content: Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Epilepsy affects approximately 65 million people worldwide and is associated with increased rates of bodily injuries and mortality when not optimally treated. The primary goal of epilepsy treatment is to eliminate seizures while minimizing adverse effects of antiseizure drugs. JAMA Senior Editor Christopher Muth, MD, and Professor of Clinical Neurology at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Andres Kanner, MD, discuss establishing a diagnosis of epilepsy and the use of antiseizure medications for adult patients with epilepsy. Related Content: Treating Epilepsy With Antiseizure Medications A Review of Antiseizure Medications for Adults With Epilepsy

Dr. Anthony Charles, Chief of the Division of Trauma, Critical Care and Acute Care Surgery, discusses acute cholecystitis. Topics include prevalence and risk factors, complications of gallstones, diagnosis and imaging modalities, management in different patient populations, and antibiotic use and treatment options.

Treatment strategies for acute ischemic stroke are continuing to evolve. JAMA Associate Editor and vascular neurologist Jeffrey Saver, MD, from the University of California Los Angeles, and JAMA Senior Editor Christopher Muth, MD, discuss 2 articles recently published in JAMA about alteplase in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke and provide a broader overview of the recent advances and future directions for the use of thrombolytics and endovascular thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke.Treatment strategies for acute ischemic stroke are continuing to evolve. JAMA Associate Editor and vascular neurologist Jeffrey Saver, MD, from the University of California Los Angeles, and JAMA Senior Editor Christopher Muth, MD, discuss 2 articles recently published in JAMA about alteplase in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke, and provide a broader overview of the recent advances and future directions for the use of thrombolytics and endovascular thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke. Related Content: Association of Recent Use of Non–Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants With Intracranial Hemorrhage Among Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke Treated With Alteplase

Pregnant and recently pregnant individuals who become infected with the COVID-19 virus are at high risk of requiring extra medical care. JAMA Associate Editor Linda Brubaker, MD, MS, from University of California San Diego discusses the rapidly evolving data around COVID-19 and vaccine effectiveness and safety as it relates to pregnancy, breastfeeding, and fertility with 3 experts in the field: Laura E. Riley, MD, from Weill Cornell Medicine, Christina Chambers, PhD, MPH, from University of California San Diego School of Medicine-Pediatrics, and Denise Jamieson, MD, MPH, from Emory University. Related Content: COVID-19 and Pregnancy COVID-19 Vaccination During Pregnancy: Maternal Protection and Neonatal Immunity Widespread Misinformation About Infertility Continues to Create COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Chambers reported receiving research funding from Pfizer-BioNTech to study the safety of its COVID-19 vaccine in pregnancy. Dr Jamieson reported no disclosures. Dr Riley reported receiving compensation from UpToDate for work on several infections disease cards, receiving royalties from Turner Publishing, and serving on an advisory board for Maven. Dr Riley also reported serving on a CDC Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices workgroup on COVID-19 vaccines and vaccine safety and workgroups for the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine of COVID-19 vaccination, without compensation.

Acute coronary syndromes are characterized by a sudden reduction in blood supply to the heart, and the syndromes include ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (or STEMI), non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (or NSTEMI), and unstable angina. Each year, an estimated more than 7 million people in the world are diagnosed with acute coronary syndromes, including more than 1 million people hospitalized in the US. In this podcast with Deepak L. Bhatt, MD, MPH, of Brigham and Women’s Hospital Heart and Vascular Institute, we bring our listeners up-to-date on these common and potentially serious conditions. Related Content: Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Coronary Syndromes

Tobacco smoking is responsible for more deaths in the US each year than any other preventable cause of mortality. Approximately 14% of US adults smoke cigarettes, of whom an estimated 70% want to quit smoking. JAMA Associate Editor Kristin Walter, MD, MS, discusses the recent JAMA article titled “Treatment of Smoking Cessation—A Review” with one of the authors, Nancy Rigotti, MD, who is director of the Tobacco Research and Treatment Center at Massachusetts General Hospital and is a professor at Harvard Medical School. Related Content: Treatment of Tobacco Smoking

Multiple myeloma is a hematologic malignancy characterized by abnormal plasma cells in the bone marrow, with potential uncontrolled growth causing destructive bone lesions, kidney injury, anemia, and hypercalcemia. Edward Libby, MD, of the University of Washington, joins JAMA Associate Editor Ethan Basch, MD, of the University of North Carolina, for a discussion of the diagnosis, complications, and management of myeloma, as well as the related conditions of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smoldering myeloma. Related Content: Diagnosis and Management of Multiple Myeloma Patient Information: Multiple Myeloma

Approximately 1 in 5 adults in the US had a sexually transmitted infection in 2018. Khalil Ghanem, MD, PhD, of Johns Hopkins University joins JAMA Deputy Editor Mary McDermott, MD, to discuss the newest recommendations regarding the diagnosis and treatment of sexually transmitted infections, including gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, Mycoplasma genitalium, and trichomoniasis. Related Content: Diagnosis and Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Infections

Pulmonary nodules are commonly found on lung imaging studies. Evaluation and management depends on the size and other characteristics of pulmonary nodules and patient risk factors for malignancy. JAMA Associate Editor Kristin Walter, MD, MS, discusses the recent JAMA article “Evaluating the Patient With a Pulmonary Nodule: A Review” with one of the authors, Peter Mazzone, MD, MPH, a pulmonologist and director of the Lung Cancer Program for the Respiratory Institute at the Cleveland Clinic. Related Content: