How God Works: The Science Behind Spirituality

Josh Brahinsky, a psychological anthropologist and author of the upcoming book *Tongues of Fire*, explores the intriguing practice of speaking in tongues, revealing its surprising prevalence and psychological benefits. Shavon Gartrell, a youth pastor at Glad Tidings Church, shares her personal experiences with this mystical communication. They discuss how neuroscience shows tangible changes in the brain during this practice and the profound emotional connection it fosters, challenging stereotypes and enhancing spiritual mindfulness.

Join neuroscientist Andrew Newberg, who studies the intersection of spirituality and the brain, and Rabbi Shira Stutman, a faith leader and author, as they explore the profound essence of prayer. They discuss how various prayer styles can transform minds and bodies, fostering mental wellness and community connections. Newberg shares insights on the neurological benefits of prayer, while Stutman emphasizes the importance of meaningful rituals. Together, they reveal how prayer can cultivate empathy and deepen our spiritual journeys.

Richard Reeves, a writer and researcher focused on male issues, joins theologian Russell Moore and pastor Rasool Berry to tackle the modern crisis of masculinity. They discuss how societal shifts impact male identity and the vital role of community and rituals in finding purpose. The trio highlights the dangers of unexamined religious paths while sharing insights from young men navigating these challenges. They explore educational disparities among races and classes, and emphasize redefining manhood through vulnerability and support.

Leah Somerville, a Harvard psychology professor, and Connor Wood, a research scholar specializing in rituals, dive into the complex world of adolescence. They discuss how adolescence is a critical transitional stage, highlighting the unique development of the adolescent brain. The conversation reveals the importance of rites of passage in helping young people navigate adulthood. They also touch on the cultural significance of these rituals and the challenges of defining adulthood in modern America, offering insights on personal growth and societal expectations.

For centuries, Western science and philosophy have struggled to explain what consciousness is and where it comes from. What if the answer to both those questions is: everything?On this episode, we dive into panpsychism: the idea that consciousness may not be limited to humans, or even living beings, but could be a basic property of reality itself. We’ll talk to philosopher Philip Goff about why this idea is gaining attention in academic circles, and to theologian Joanna Leidenhag about how panpsychism aligns with spiritual traditions from across cultures and throughout history. We’ll also ask: could this strange-sounding idea reshape how we understand ourselves and our place in the world?Philip Goff is a professor of Philosophy and the author of Why?: The Purpose of the Universe, Galileo’s Error: Foundations for a New Science of Consciousness and many other publications about panpsychism. Find out more about his work on his website.Joanna Leidenhag is a professor of Theology and Philosophy and the author of the book Minding Creation: Theological Panpsychism and the Doctrine of Creation. Find out more about her work here.

People find faith or change faiths for many reasons: marriage, raising a family, dealing with  grief or crisis. But sometimes it happens the other way around… faith finds you. A believing takes hold, a sense that something divine is there. And maybe not in the way or role that you might have expected. It’s not uncommon. Data show that these types of experiences happen to about 30% of people. On this episode we’ll talk to one of these people –New York Times columnist and best selling author David Brooks– about his unexpected encounter with faith and what came after.Find out more about Weave: The Social Fabric Project, the non-profit David founded at the Aspen Institute.

Imam Dr. Khalil Abdur-Rashid, Harvard's first full-time Muslim Chaplain, dives into the spiritual significance of fasting in Islam, especially during Ramadan. He discusses how fasting goes beyond just abstaining from food, promoting mindfulness and self-restraint. The conversation also touches on how fasting can enhance community bonds and gratitude. Adam Cohen, a psychology professor, shares new research indicating even one day of fasting can deepen religious commitment and overall well-being, highlighting its transformative power.

We often think of belief as a religious or cultural idea that is a hallmark of modern humans. But what if the early sparks of belief burned in our ancestors’ minds long before modern humans walked the earth? What if beliefs about some of the biggest questions out there, like what happens after death, weren’t just pondered by Homo sapiens?On this episode, evolutionary anthropologist Agustín Fuentes takes us on a journey spanning millions of years, from our primate relatives in the deep past to the complex spiritual and cultural traditions we know today. Along the way, we’ll learn how the capacity for belief has helped shape our species and why it remains a powerful force in our lives today.Agustín Fuentes is a Professor of Anthropology at Princeton University and the author of the books Why We Believe: Evolution and the Human Way of Being and The Creative Spark: How Imagination Made Humans Exceptional. Learn more about his work on his website, and be sure to check out his forthcoming book Sex is a Spectrum: The Biological Limits of the Binary, due out in May 2025. 

When it comes to finding happiness, many religions see marriage as the gold standard: a path to love, stability, and fulfillment. But is that really true? And if so, why are marriage rates plummeting in so many parts of the world?In this episode, we’ll talk to anthropologist Joseph Henrich about the surprising history of marriage and monogamy, including how these institutions helped lay the groundwork for much of our modern way of life. We’ll also speak with psychologist Geoff MacDonald about what it means to live a happy, single life in a world that often prioritizes partnership, and why marriage might not offer the best road to fulfillment for everyone. Joseph Henrich is the Ruth Moore Professor of Human Evolutionary Biology at Harvard University, and the author of The WEIRDest People in the World: How the West Became Psychologically Peculiar and Particularly Prosperous. Geoff MacDonald is a Professor of Psychology at the University of Toronto, where he leads the MacDonald Social Psychology Research Laboratory, which aims to study well-being in singlehood. 

Join us for Season 8 of How God Works, starting next week!