Arvind Subramanian, former chief economic advisor to the Indian government, shares insights on India's economic ambitions. He critiques the government's investment climate, expressing concern about potential currency crises. The discussion highlights the challenges India faces in achieving high-income status by 2047 amidst declining investments and inadequate reforms. Subramanian emphasizes the importance of export-led growth and addresses the complex relationship between exchange rates and financial stability, questioning the sustainability of India's rapid growth trajectory.

Beata Javorcik, Chief Economist at the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and a professor at Oxford, shares her expert insights on industrial policy's evolution and challenges. She discusses the historical context behind industrial strategies and how they’re gaining traction amid rising economic nationalism. Javorcik explores the delicate balance between supporting green technologies and protecting traditional industries. She also reflects on lessons from East Asian economies and the importance of adaptive policies for fostering innovation.

Doug Irwin, an economics professor at Dartmouth College and trade author, discusses the significant history of tariffs in the U.S. He explores how tariffs were employed under different administrations, including Trump's. Irwin highlights Alexander Hamilton's influence and critiques the belief that high tariffs always stimulate growth. The conversation also touches on global trade dynamics, particularly concerning China's role, and the political complexities surrounding tariff policies today, illustrating how past decisions echo in current economic relations.

Andrew J. Scott, a professor at the London Business School and author of "The Longevity Imperative," discusses the positive implications of aging populations. He argues that rather than fearing rising elderly demographics, we should celebrate them. The conversation emphasizes the need for innovative policies focused on healthspan over lifespan, and acknowledges societal inequalities affecting health outcomes. Scott urges a shift in perspective towards aging as an opportunity, challenging existing pension systems and advocating for proactive health measures.

In this insightful discussion, Mariana Mazzucato, a professor at University College London and a leading expert on mission-oriented policy, argues for a revitalized role of the state in innovation. She reflects on JFK's moon landing as a model for tackling large challenges today, like climate change and pandemics. Mazzucato critiques the myth of the solitary entrepreneur, advocating for government-led, collaborative initiatives to drive technological advancements. The conversation emphasizes the need for ambition and coordination in public policies to stimulate innovation.

Christine Lagarde, President of the European Central Bank, shares her journey as the first woman to hold multiple top finance roles, including her time at the IMF. She discusses Europe's sluggish economic recovery from Covid-19 and the challenges of inflation. Lagarde emphasizes the need for a more unified European approach to boost productivity and innovation. She also highlights the intersection of climate change and economic stability, advocating for green investments and addressing trade dynamics amid political shifts.

Lant Pritchett, a development economist and visiting professor at the London School of Economics, argues for the necessity of mass immigration to tackle aging populations in developed countries. He discusses how easing migration restrictions could significantly boost living standards in the developing world. Pritchett proposes a model for temporary work contracts to address anti-immigrant sentiments while meeting labor demands. The conversation highlights the urgent economic need for 450 million workers by 2050 and the rising political challenges surrounding immigration.

Larry Summers, former US Treasury Secretary and President Emeritus of Harvard, shares his insights on the economic risks posed by Trump’s policies. He discusses the potential inflationary effects of tax cuts and trade tariffs. Summers highlights public discontent with the Biden administration despite low unemployment. He draws parallels to Nixon's era, emphasizing threats to the Federal Reserve's credibility and the rule of law. The conversation navigates the disconnect between economic data and voter sentiments, warning of electoral repercussions for progressive leaders.

Join Philip Lane, chief economist of the ECB, as he unpacks the precarious state of the Eurozone. With inflation declining but economic vulnerabilities rising, he discusses the urgent need for policy reforms. Lane highlights the complex interplay between monetary policy and investment rates, and contrasts Eurozone issues with U.S. economic conditions. He also delves into how geopolitical tensions and oil prices threaten stability, underscoring the pivotal role of central banks in navigating these choppy waters.

Sam Bowman, founding editor of Works in Progress and an expert in UK economics, dives into Britain's economic struggles. He discusses how restrictive investment policies have led to stagnation, with soaring housing and energy costs compared to France and Germany. Bowman examines Brexit's impact, the challenges posed by rising energy prices on manufacturing, and the urgent need for transformative policies. He advocates for radical changes in urban planning and energy solutions to boost economic growth and infrastructure.