From Dr. Joseph Mercola, my friend, multiple-time podcast guest, a guy who thinks way outside-the-box and seems to always be discovering some new cutting-edge way to enhance human health and longevity, and one of the world's foremost authorities on alternative health has just written a guide to using the principles of ketogenic eating, meal planning, and timing to treat disease, promote weight loss, and optimize health. The new book is called "KetoFast: Rejuvenate Your Health with a Step-by-Step Guide to Timing Your Ketogenic Meals". In the book, he explores the profound health benefits that result when ketogenic living and well-planned fasting are combined. Topics include: -How our food is making us sick and what we can do about it... -The physiology and mechanisms of fasting, including stem cell activation... -How the cyclical ketogenic diet--with fasting included--differs from the conventional keto diet... -How fasting works and how safe it is for you... -How regular one-day fasts support fat burning and detoxification while minimizing hunger and side effects... -How to monitor your progress with lab tests... -And much more... During our discussion, you'll discover: -The fascinating history of fasting among different religions and cultures...8:25 Dr. Mercola's book was originally written to learn to optimize multiple day water fasting Most religions integrate fasting into their practice (speaks to its efficacy throughout history) It's one of the best ways to express care for your spirit, especially when combined with meditation, gratitude, solitude, etc. Therapeutic fasting: Calorie restriction to activate metabolic processes to catalyze the healing process Fasting didn't become popular in the U.S. until the 1800's with the natural hygiene movement Became more popular when Herbert Shelton popularized it in 1911 TrueNorth Health Center -Autophagy, and why Dr. Mercola thinks of a fast as a "free stem cell transplant"...16:45 Different varieties of fasting: Intermittent (the foundation) Dr. Satchin Panda found that 90% of people don't do this (listen to my podcast with Dr. Panda) You need more than intermittent to get the max effect of autophagy Fasting mimicking diet, water diet Hybrid of the two, minimize the harmful effects Autophagy: 3 types Micro Macro Chaperone mediated You activate autophagy with the keto fast Dr. Mercola does not recommend a long-term water fast Free stem cell transplant is what happens during the regeneration phase, after the autophagy phase The magic happens during the refeed and strength rebuilding; similar to a growth hormone injection Do a 42 hour fast, in which you eat 300-500 calories 2x per week -How fasting affects intestinal stem cell function...24:20 Extended fasting helps reduce gut permeability by stimulating brain/gut pathways Consider fasting before other treatments or supplements for repairing the gut Certain supplements will inhibit autophagy: colostrum, B12 AMP-k and mTOR It's your friend; The higher the better A nutrient sensor Puts your body in "repair mode" See Saw: AMP-k up, mTOR down, vice versa -What nutrients you need to optimize autophagy...34:08 Berberine ECGC from green tea and European wild apples Pomegranate peel powder Urolithin A Pomegranate Pulled Apart podcast from ATP Science Dr. Mercola’s “autophagy tea” before my nightly fast to also limit mTor activation and increase autophagy: 1 tsp Pau d’ Arco powdered tea ½ tsp hydroxycitrate and garcinia (HCA/Garcinia powder) ½ tsp quercetin powder ½ tsp glycine powder ½ teaspoon chamomile powder Lakanto monkfruit sweetener to taste You don't want to take exogenous ketones when you want to activate autophagy while fasting -How ketones protect the brain excess hydrogen peroxide...46:00 Fats and carbs are fuel sources; broken down by enzymes Oxygen receives electrons from the food you're digesting in the form of hydrogen (which is converted to water) Most people are metabolically inflexible; can't burn much fat for fuel Ketones increase Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (nADPH) -Why Dr. Mercola changed his mind about the power of water fasting as a metabolic intervention...50:55 We in the 21st century are exposed to chemical and industrial toxins not historically known to humans Toxins are stored in our fat When you fast, you release these toxins Cause unpleasant side effects and symptoms 2 phases: Convert fat soluble to water soluble (not a problem) Attach molecules to the toxin You need frequent refeeds to fuel the process of eliminating the toxins and enhancing detox pathways A keto fast (42 hours, 300-500 calories) 2x/week is far more powerful than an occasional multi-day water fast or even fast mimicking diet -What Dr. Mercola views as the "dark side of fasting"...55:00 Detoxification impairment Compliance: people just won't do it How Dr. Mercola recommends Ben improve his own fasting strategy: Ben takes essential amino acids for protein during extended fasts Don't eat meat protein (branch chain amino acids) Take collagen protein Drawbacks to long-term ketosis Requires significant calorie restriction Women can develop thyroid impairment You simply weren't designed to do it Fasting primes your body for improvement; the real magic happens in the refeeds -What is "keto fasting," and how cyclical ketosis addresses the above issues...1:00:13 You must be metabolically flexible Eat in a 4-6 hour window per day for 4 weeks Branch chain aminos: lucine, isoleucine, valine Eat these on the refeed, not during the keto fast Don't activate mTor along with autophagy Cyclical approach: Keto fast 2x/week Every day intermittent fast Strategies to deal with hunger or appetite cravings: Vast majority of metabolically flexible people won't feel hungry Coconut oil, MCT oil, aloe gel Nicotine gum and sparkling water -How sauna use supports a fasting protocol, an ideal sauna setup, and sauna do's and don't's...1:07:45 Brian Richards' Sauna Space Near infrared is the best 40% of energy from the sun is infrared Near infrared heats you up very quickly Penetrates much more of the body than far infrared Book: Sauna Therapy for Detoxification and Healing Compounds prior to sauna use: Niacin (small doses) Use low EMF -And much more! Resources from this episode:  -My previous episodes with Dr. Mercola: Killing Fat Cells, Fixing Mitochondria, Growing Superfoods & More: The Official, Much-Anticipated, Mind-Blowing, Geeked-Out Podcast With Dr. Mercola High-Fat Fudge Balls, The Best Fruits For Blood Sugar, Egg Allergies & More With “Fat For Fuel” How To Reverse The Damage From Cell Phone Radiation, Hidden Sources Of EMF, The Best Way To Measure Your EMF Exposure & Much More -KetoFast: Rejuvenate Your Health with a Step-by-Step Guide to Timing Your Ketogenic Meals -Meta.org for research studies -Ben's Switzerland healing retreat at Paracelsus -The Complete Guide To Fasting by Jason Fung -TrueNorth Health Center -My interview with Dr. Satchin Panda -SEED Probiotic blend -ATP science -Dr. Mercola’s “autophagy tea” before my nightly fast to also limit mTor activation and increase autophagy: 1 tsp Pau d’ Arco powdered tea ½ tsp hydroxycitrate and garcinia (HCA/Garcinia powder) ½ tsp quercetin powder ½ tsp glycine powder ½ teaspoon chamomile powder Lakanto monkfruit sweetener to taste -Pomegranate Pulled Apart podcast from ATPScience -HVMN Ketones -"The Longevity Diet" by Dr. Valter Longo -Kion Aminos -Kettle & Fire Bone Broth -Aloe Gel -Lucy Nicotine gum -Saunaspace sauna -Near infrared bulbs -Dr. Lawrence Wilson's book "Sauna Therapy For Detoxification & Healing" Episode Sponsors: -Kion: My personal playground for new supplement formulations. Ben Greenfield Fitness listeners receive a 10% discount off your entire order when you use discount “bgf10”. https://getkion.com  -Trusii: Contains a host of anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, and anti-allergy benefits. For this reason, I have decided to now make consumption of hydrogen-rich water an important part of my daily nutritional routine...and I highly recommend it! Enter code “ben” at checkout and get 30% off your order! trusiih2.com/ben  -Clearlight Saunas: You can be sure that I researched all the saunas before I bought mine and Clearlight was the one that stood out from all the rest because of their EMF and ELF Shielding and their Lifetime Warranty. Use discount code “bengreenfield” to get $500 off your sauna and a free bonus gift! https://healwithheat.com  -FitVine Wine: Don’t let the word “less” fool you – FitVine wines offer rich flavor profiles and the alcohol content (13.4 - 13.9% alcohol) you’d expect from a fine wine. Use discount code “greenfield10” for 10% off your order. https://fitvinewine.com  Do you have questions, thoughts or feedback for Dr. Mercola or me? Leave your comments below and one of us will reply!See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Over half of the world’s population is afflicted with some form of chronic or degenerative illness. Heart disease, autoimmune disease, diabetes, neurological conditions, cancer, Lyme disease―the list goes on. The conventional, allopathic, treat-the-symptom-with-pharmaceutical-drugs model is rapidly falling out of favor as patients are searching for nontoxic, advanced prevention and healing modalities that actually work. Bioregulatory medicine involves fixing this issue with a model that has proven effective for decades in forward-thinking developed countries, including Switzerland and Germany. Our bodies have many bioregulating systems, including the cardiovascular, digestive, neurological, respiratory, endocrine, and so on. Bioregulatory medicine is a comprehensive and holistic approach to health that advocates the use of natural healing methods to support and restore the body’s intrinsic self-regulating and self-healing mechanisms, as opposed to simply treating symptoms with integrative therapies. Bioregulatory medicine is about discovering the root cause of disease and takes into account the entire person from a genetic, epigenetic, metabolic, energetic, and emotional point of view. So while patients may have the same disease or prognosis, the manifestation of illness is entirely bioindividual and must be treated and prevented on an individual level. Bioregulatory medicine addresses the four pillars of health―drainage and detox, diet, mind-body medicine, and oral health―using a sophisticated synthesis of the very best natural medicine with modern advances in technology. In addition to identifying the cause of disease, bioregulatory medicine promotes disease prevention and early intervention of illness through noninvasive diagnostics and treatments, and incorporates the use of over 100 different non-toxic diagnostics and treatments from around the world. Forward-thinking patients and integrative practitioners will find bioregulatory medicine invaluable as they seek to deepen their understanding of the body’s many regulating systems and innate ability to heal itself. My guest on today's podcast, Dr. Dickson Thom, is the author of the new book Bioregulatory Medicine: An Innovative Holistic Approach to Self-Healing. He graduated from the University of Toronto, Faculty of Dentistry in 1974. He obtained his first Doctor of Naturopathic Medicine degree from the Ontario College of Naturopathic Medicine in 1986, and in 1989 he completed a second Naturopathic degree from the National College of Natural Medicine (NCNM) in Portland, Oregon. Dr. Thom was a full-time professor and the past Dean of Naturopathic Medicine at NCNM where he taught clinical and physical diagnosis, gastroenterology, neurology, practical endocrinology, x-ray practicum and business entrepreneurship for almost 25 years. In addition, he was a clinic supervisor to hundreds of students and managed care for thousands of patients. Dr. Thom is now the medical director at the American Center for Biological Medicine and the American Center for Alternative Medicine in Scottsdale, AZ. These clinics are state of the art and uniquely manage care for patients from around the world. For a complete description of these unique offerings, visit the web site TheBiomedCenter.com. Dr. Thom lectures extensively on health and business topics and has written and collaborated in the writing of many articles and books dealing with drainage, nutrition and business. Dr. Thom studied extensively with Gérard Guéniot, MD and incorporates Dr. Guéniot’s work into his seminar lectures and his private practice in Scottsdale, AZ. In August 2009 he received The VIS Award from the American Association of Naturopathic Physicians in recognition of one who represents the Vis, the Healing Power of Nature, as demonstrated through their work, life, and community service. During our discussion, you'll discover: -Dr. Thom's daily diet...9:30 Intermittent fasting Keto, paleo Better for biochemistry and balancing metabolism Homeostasis: what biological medicine is at its core A typical breakfast: Eggs, turkey bacon, avocado -What exactly is "bioregulatory medicine"?...11:50 "In reality, it's the only type of healing that's existed since man has been on the earth." Ancient Babylonians, Egyptians, Chinese, Indians: All about balancing energy flows Biofields: Energies the body is associated with Body is one huge electromagnet Gives off energy Movement creates electrons Some people can read other people's energies Electron transport chain in mitochondria Electricity interacts with human body and vice versa Deleterious effects of wifi, cell towers, etc. Physiology, biochemistry, physics Newton's Law: Conventional medicine still believes that's how the body heals itself 1927: Einstein and Planck came out with quantum mechanics; led to utilization of atomic bomb Multiple organ systems within our body We think of them individually: heart, cardiovascular, nervous, digestive, etc. All the "specialties" don't communicate with the other specialties You must have all the pieces to rebuild a house; same with the body Dr. Thom describes himself as a specialist in health, not necessarily in disease -More on bio fields and the practice of Kirlian photography...20:45 Our energy is not confined by our skin the way our body is People transfer energy with each other without physically touching them (long term relationships) Kirlian photography: Microscopes allow us to see what before was not visible Measures the body's bio fields Use electromagnetic spectrum on all levels; subtle energies that can't be seen or felt Capturing ability of cells to communicate -The self-healing qualities of the body that can be enhanced by bioregulatory medicine...25:30 The cast didn't heal a broken bone; it simply immobilized and made it possible to heal itself "Chi", or bio field energy is necessary for the bone to heal Every part of our body - bones, organs, skin, etc. - self-heal and regenerate You can replace a child's liver with a portion of a full-grown liver; both will grow and regenerate to full size -How the Flexner Report, published in 1910, laid the foundation for mainstream medicine...29:35 The Flexner Report, published in 1910 American Medical Association formed in 1857 Bloodletting and homeopathy were common practice at that time Bloodletting wasn't effective (it killed George Washington) but homeopathy was proven to be effective AMA excluded practitioners of homeopathy and other "unapproved" methods from their organization Abraham Flexner, who was not a doctor, a scientist, nor a medical practitioner, was commissioned by the Carnegie Foundation to examine 155 medical schools The good in the report: Not enough education Need prerequisites Need standardization Suggested reducing 155 schools to 31 schools The bad in the report: Blacks were inferior, diseased; schools teaching black students should be closed Schools can no longer teach homeopathy, electrotherapy, etc. simply because Flexner didn't believe in them In 1900, there were more homeopathic doctors than conventional; by 1953, they were all closed Western medical students are still taught based on the Flexner Report; although they've likely never heard of it Rockefeller and Carnegie foundations' influenced pharmaceutical industry, as well as who got accepted into the 31 schools -The science behind a seasonal diet and how it works with bioregulatory medicine...42:15 Weston A. Price Foods consumed are indigenous to the location the people lived Ancestral approach to diet Eating cold food in summer, hot food in winter Normal body temp is 98.6 Enzymes necessary to digest food function at ~98.3 degrees Put 40 degree food in your body; requires tremendous energy to digest Master fuel sensors: mTOR more active under sunlight in summer AMPKα in the winter Look for foods indigenous to your ancestors, as well as your current locale Book: 100 Million Years of Food by Stephen Lee Book: The Jungle Effect by Dr. Daphne Miller Book: Return To An Ancestral Diet by Dr. Michael Smith -How mistletoe is a component of bioregulatory medicine...50:34 Mistletoe has historically symbolized life in religion and mythology You'll often find mistletoe in European cancer treatment centers Used in all deliveries: IV, injectable, inhaled, etc. Its use in autoimmune issues: In nature, the antidote is right next to the poisonous plant Autoimmune issue means out of balance Not trying to suppress; try to support, make it more in balance Allopathic = opposite medicine You get a fever when you're sick; support the fever, don't suppress it Go beyond the symptoms; support the physiology A headache is not due to a Tylenol deficiency -How to find a practitioner in bioregulatory medicine...58:30 No central directory at the moment Dr. Thom is creating a curriculum to teach clinic staff to make them available Marion Institute, Marion, MA Bioregulatory Institute, Louisville, KY -Protocols unique to bioregulatory medicine...1:00:00 Contact Regulation Thermography (CRT) Diagnostic tool to measure 119 points in the body Link to 15 different organ systems Stress the body (cold) Remeasure same points Graph before stress and after Can quickly and effectively track how your body reacts to stress Measuring specific points on the skin that are related to the various internal organs in the body Zyto Scan Put hand on a plate, running an electrical program; reads the energy coming from your hand onto the plate Can see how you're being affected by foods, microbes, etc. Tracks specific areas of the body that are out of balance It's a "soft diagnosis" for Lyme disease Vega Analysis German company formed in 1950's Electrodermal testing Measure on acupuncture points different electrical energies -Clinical research behind the efficacy of bioregulatory medicine...1:11:06 -Tissue cell salts: what are they, and what are they used for...1:13:30 Developed by Dr. Schuessler Analyzed ash of human bodies Same 12 minerals in the ash, regardless of where they were from 12 different mineral diluted compounds (3x) Tissue cells themselves don't have the minerals in them Orally ingested via small pills -The practice of neural therapy...1:19:00 -And much more! Resources from this episode: -TheBiomedCenter.com -Book: Bioregulatory Medicine: An Innovative Holistic Approach to Self-Healing -My Switzerland Biological Medicine retreat -Kirlian photography -Book: 100 Million Years Of Food by Stephen Le -Book: The Jungle Effect by Daphne Miller, MD -Book: Return To An Ancestral Diet by Dr. Michael Smith -Dr. Jason West's clinic in Pocatello, Idaho Episode Sponsors: -Kion: My personal playground for new supplement formulations. Ben Greenfield Fitness listeners receive a 10% discount off your entire order when you use discount “bgf10”. https://getkion.com  -Organifi Green Juice: Now you can get all your healthy superfoods in one glass...with No Shopping, No Blending, No Juicing, and No Cleanup. Use discount code “beng20” at checkout and get a 20% discount on your entire order! organifi.com/ben -Vuori Clothing: Activewear and athletic clothing for ultimate performance. Vuori is built to move and sweat in, yet designed with a West Coast aesthetic that transitions effortlessly into everyday life.Enter discount code “ben25” and receive 25% off your first order! https://vuoriclothing.com  -Birdwell Beach Britches: Quality is our Gimmick isn’t just our slogan, it’s a commitment we honor with every stitch we sew. 100% money back guarantee. Get 10% off your order when you use discount code “beng” PLUS free shipping on any order over $99. https://birdwell.com   Do you have questions, thoughts or feedback for Dr. Thom or me? Leave your comments below and one of us will reply!  See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In this engaging discussion, billionaire businessman Jack Dorsey, CEO of Twitter and Square, shares his unique approach to wellness. He reveals his intense stress management strategies, including a transformative 10-day meditation retreat. Jack discusses his preference for walking over running and his efficient 7-Minute Workouts. He dives into his diet, practicing the one-meal-a-day lifestyle, and emphasizes the mental clarity gained from cold exposure. This deep exploration of fitness and health showcases Jack's unconventional yet effective habits.

Prepare yourself for the most epic, deep dive into the carnivore diet that you've ever heard. I recently listened to a physician named Paul Saladino debate research scientist Layne Norton about the carnivore diet on my friend Mark Bell's podcast. I was so intrigued by the episode that I decided to get Paul on my show to explore the science behind the carnivore diet, carnivore diet do's and don'ts, and whether the carnivore diet is a true, sustainable, natural, ancestral nutrition approach or just a dietary fad. During this show, we cover: -Why Paul is a raving fan of salmon roe...17:15 Humans cannot make Omega 3 fatty acids Omega 3's in salmon roe are in the phospholipid form Salmon roe crosses the blood brain barrier more efficiently than in the triglyceride or ethyl ester form (which you'll find in most fish oil capsules) Two tbsps of salmon roe gives you the DHA without being exposed to the metals Benefit of getting a nutrient from a food vs. from a supplement Concern with oxidation in fish oil: Look for certificate of analysis Look at levels of lipid peroxides Not nearly as much oxidation in eggs than the fish -Why Paul doesn't consume black pepper...21:15 A central principle of the carnivorous diet: plants are not put on the earth to serve humans Develop potentially toxic compounds to defend themselves from other animals A peppercorn is the seed of a plant The seeds are where a higher concentration of pesticides and toxins reside Pepper contains a compound called piperine, which inhibits UDP glucuronosyltransferase In essence: black pepper inhibits our body's natural detoxification process. Piperine is added to curcumin supplements to increase the level of curcumin you can absorb We don't actually use these molecules in human biochemistry Used to activate certain pathways to produce our own antioxidants (which is glutathione) Plants induce Nrf2, while simultaneously doing toxic things to our bodies Sulforaphane is considered to be a highly beneficial molecule as a precursor to glutathione pathways But is known to be a goitrogen (meaning it can induce hypothyroidism) Key take away: You can simulate the benefits of eating plants by eating meat and living a healthy lifestyle -Why Paul refused a cup of Kion Coffee when offered by Ben...30:45 Coffee is felt to be beneficial because of a couple of polyphenolic compounds: chloragenic acid and caffeic acid These have been found to be clastogenic (DNA damage) A coffee bean is the seed of a plant, which contains toxins as a natural defense mechanism Very few animals eat those seeds -Aren't plants like exercise, where you need them, but too much can be harmful?...26:05 Hormesis is potential benefit of plants Sulforaphane: Is linked to hypothyroidism Depends on one's baseline level of iodine consumption Does not exist in a plant Glucoraphanin is converted into sulforaphane by Myrosinase Highest levels are found in broccoli seeds and sprouts Humans are "facultative carnivores" meaning we can get everything we need from meat without ingesting the toxins found in plants. -Storage organs in plants that result in larger brains and smaller guts...46:35 Richard Wrangham Tubers Fairly toxic generally speaking Ancestral (non-hybridized) tubers aren't as valuable to humans due to size, appearance, etc. Developed big brains by eating bone marrow and brains of animals (as scavengers) No DHA, or fatty acids in a tuber Macronutrients for short term survival; micronutrients for long term survival Tubers have macronutrients, but not micronutrients Fossils of homo erectus found near water: algae, DHA, other micronutrients Just because tubers were efficacious for our ancestors doesn't mean we should choose them today Animals provide all the micronutrients we need in the most bioavailable forms The ultimate multivitamin for a human would be an animal -Why plants may not be necessary, could be harmful to the gut, and are "survival food"...50:50 Vilhjalmur Stefansson: Lived with Inuit people for a year Observed they ate plants only when "real foods" i.e. animals weren't available Book: 100 Million Years of Food by Stephen Lee Even though humans have made plants more digestible via sprouting, fermenting, etc. we should still opt for the ribeye steak. -Whether a carnivorous diet is sustainable or ethical...53:53 Eat the animal "nose to tail" Book: The Whole Beast by Fergus Henderson Muscle meat is high in methionine but low in glycine Best results come when we eat organs and tendons along with the muscle meat Different nutrients in different parts of the animal Why Ben called the carnivore diet "lazy" on the Joe Rogan podcast Carbohydrate availability for the thyroid Ancestors would eat the thyroid immediately after killing an animal Do you need plants to consume adequate amounts of vitamins and minerals? Good amounts of Vitamin C in liver and in brain; whale blubber Liver also has large amounts of carotenal, a precursor to Vitamin A Quercetin doesn't directly contribute to human biochemistry You may not be able to get flavonoids from meat, but you may not need them at all -How we would consume fiber on a carnivore diet, or if we even need it at all...1:06:40 The debate between Paul Saladino and Layne Norton on the Mark Bell show Fiber is a "fairy tale" Physician named Burkett in Tanzania Tanzanians did not have as many cases of diverticulosis as Westerners Erroneously equated high amounts of fiber intake with low cases of diverticulosis The reverse is true Applies to insoluble and soluble fiber "Healthy user bias" affects studies on fiber People who eat less meat and more fiber, and engage in healthy activities Stereotypical "meat eater": Steak, fries, cake, etc. -Why Ben Greenfield is hesitant to embrace a full-on carnivore diet...1:13:50 Variety is the spice of life (colors of food, tastes, etc.) Humans are "facultative carnivores" Meant to eat animals, but can eat plants when animals are not available Plants can contribute to life enjoyment if you choose to use them in your diet -The carnivore diet and longevity...1:23:30 Fallacy: centenarians live longer because of genetics. They live long in spite of what they eat. Theory of "blue zones" has been incorrectly interpreted Not caused by diet (plants, legumes, etc.) Clusters of longevity mutation in certain genes; improves insulin sensitivity, antioxidants, etc. High insulin sensitivity when carbs are cut out -Carnivore vs. ketosis...1:28:45 Three micronutrients: carbs, protein, fat We can run on two fuels: fat or carbs fat that is stored or that you're eating No such thing as an "essential carbohydrate" You can have a ketogenic diet that includes some plant foods that are potentially immunotoxic Carnivorous diet is by default a ketogenic because you're not eating plant-based carbs (trace amounts in meat) What about coconut oil and coconut cream? Coconut has salicylates Oil doesn't have actual coconut particles, but can have some salicylates Dairy: addictive to humans because it's the combination of fat and sugar; great for infants It's why we crave ice cream Rewarding but not satiating Some cut out dairy, and find they're more satiated when eating meat -The carnivore diet and amino intake...1:37:53 Paul typically eats 3 pounds of meat per day No risk of developing cancer Eating methionine without glycine becomes problematic Bone broth and collagen are good sources of glycine -Concern about constant activation of mTor on the carnivorous diet...1:41:00 Concern about IGF-1 (insulin growth factor) levels raising on the diet Paul has found the opposite to be true Caloric restriction benefits come from sirtuin family of genes, which is activated by beta hydroxy butyrate Balances out because of the ketogenic state of the diet -Whether a carnivorous diet is sustainable or ethical...1:45:30 It's not practical for everyone to hunt their own meat Look at it from a population vs. individual basis Answer questions pertaining to the individual before the population Advances in technology contribute to increases in greenhouse gases (fossil fuel emissions) Agriculture contributes ~8% of greenhouse gases; 3-4% is animal agriculture -And much more... -Who is Paul Saladino? Throughout the course of his life Paul Saladino has embarked on many adventures that have shaped his personal interests - including his unique, individualized approach to medicine. After studying chemistry at College of William he spent 6 years traveling and exploring. Highlights included a thru-hike of the Pacific Crest Trail from Mexico to Canada, a summer in the New Zealand backcountry, and 2 years skiing and climbing in Wyoming's Teton Mountains. He returned to academic studies after these adventures, first becoming a physician assistant and practicing in cardiology before training at the University of Arizona, obtaining his M.D. in 2015. He is a certified Functional Medicine practitioner (IFMCP) through the Institute for Functional Medicine and will complete his residency in psychiatry at the University of Washington this June. When he is not researching connections between nutritional biochemistry and chronic disease he can be found in the frigid waters of the pacific northwest in search of the perfect wave. Resources from this episode: -My Facebook post on my "bastardized version" of the carnivore diet -Paul Saladino's website -Paul Saladino's YouTube channel -The debate between Paul Saladino and Layne Norton on the Mark Bell show -USWellnessMeats ribeye steaks - Use GREENFIELD for a 15% storewide - Offer good for up to 2 orders per customer. Excludes orders over 40 lbs, sale items, volume discounts, and gift certificates. -Salmon roe -Fred Provenza's book Nourishment -Fiber and Colon Health On A Well-Formulated Ketogenic Diet: New Insights Question Its Role As An Unconditional Requirement -The Kettle & Fire bone broth Ben drinks - Use code GREENFIELD for 10% off Additional resources/research from Dr. Paul Saladino:  -Curcumin Curcumin (No RCTs which show benefit, potential toxicity)   "The Dark Side of Curcumin" -Piperine   Curcuminoids inhibit multiple human cytochromes P450 (CYP), UDP- glucuronosyltransferase (UGT), and sulfotransferase (SULT) enzymes, while piperine is a relatively selective CYP3A4 inhibitor Impairment of UDP-glucose dehydrogenase and glucuronidation activities in liver and small intestine of rat and guinea pig in vitro by piperine Plant pesticides (claustogenicity of safrole[also in black pepper], caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, glucosinolates [sulforaphane precursors])   -Cyanogenic glycosides in food   Cyanogenic glycosides in plant-based foods available in New Zealand A Review of Cyanogenic Glycosides in Edible Plants No association with meat consumption and colorectal cancer in Asia   No association of saturated fat and animal protein with colorectal cancer -Fiber -Diverticulosis study (worsened with increased fiber) Low fiber no association with constipation, diverticulosis Removal leads to improvement in constipation Lack of benefit in adenoma recurrence  Lack of benefit colorectal adenoma/cancer in women (NEJM) Dietary fiber lack of benefit in japanese populations with low fat intake Lack of effect of cereal supplement Lack of effect of high fiber/low fat diet Associated increase adenoma recurrence when combined with isphagula/calcium Soluble fiber increases colon cancer in rodents Fiber does not increase alpha diversity -BHB and signalling/anti-aging mechanisms: Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Ketogenic Diet: New Perspectives for Neuroprotection in Alzheimer's Disease Ketone bodies as signaling metabolites β-hydroxybutyrate: Much more than a metabolite D-ß-hydroxybutyrate: an anti-aging ketone body Estrogenic properties of quercetin Effects of phyto-oestrogen quercetin on productive performance, hormones, reproductive organs and apoptotic genes in laying hens Dangers of excess omega-6 (especially from seed oils)   Centenarians and genetic advantage   Salicylates (coconut)   Removal of flavonoid containing foods results in improved markers of oxidative stress   Green Tea catechins at obtainable dosing connected with liver injury (rise in transaminases) Oxalate toxicity -Casomorphin: A naturally occurring opioid peptide from cow's milk, beta-casomorphine-7, is a direct histamine releaser in man -Methionine/glycine ratio: Effect of dietary glycine on methionine metabolism in rats fed a high-methionine diet Methionine restriction decreases mitochondrial oxygen radical generation and leak as well as oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA and proteins Methionine and choline regulate the metabolic phenotype of a ketogenic diet -Ketogenic Diet Improves Lifespan: Epigenetic mechanisms underlying lifespan and age-related effects of dietary restriction and the ketogenic diet A Ketogenic Diet Extends Longevity and Healthspan in Adult Mice Episode Sponsors: -Kion Aminos: Building blocks for muscle recovery, reduced cravings, better cognition, immunity, and more. Get 10% off your order of Kion Aminos, and everything at the Kion site when you use discount code "bgf10" at checkout. https://getkion.com -Organifi Green Juice: Now you can get all your healthy superfoods in one glass...with No Shopping, No Blending, No Juicing, and No Cleanup. Use discount code “greenfield” at checkout and get a 20% discount on your entire order! organifi.com/ben -ButcherBox: delivers healthy 100% grass-fed and finished beef, free-range organic chicken, and Heritage breed pork directly to your door on a monthly basis. All their products are humanely raised and NEVER given antibiotics or hormones. New subscribers will receive 2 LBS of FREE wild caught Alaskan salmon + $20 OFF their first box by going to butcherbox.com/ben  -Birdwell Beach Britches: Quality is our Gimmick isn’t just our slogan, it’s a commitment we honor with every stitch we sew. 100% money back guarantee. Get 10% off your order when you use discount code “beng” PLUS free shipping on any order over $99.   Do you have questions, thoughts or feedback for Paul or me? Leave your comments below and one of us will reply!  See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In her new book "Feeding You Lies: How to Unravel the Food Industry's Playbook and Reclaim Your Health", my guest on today's podcast, Vani Hari (AKA "The Food Babe") exposes the lies we've been told about our food--and takes readers on a journey to find healthy options. There's so much confusion about what to eat. Are you jumping from diet to diet and nothing seems to work? Are you sick of seeing contradictory health advice from experts? Just like the tobacco industry lied to us about the dangers of cigarettes, the same untruths, cover-ups, and deceptive practices are occurring in the food industry. Vani blows the lid off the lies we've been fed about the food we eat--lies about its nutrient value, effects on our health, label information, and even the very science we base our food choices on. In the book, she discusses: -How nutrition research is manipulated by food company funded experts... - How to spot fake news generated by Big Food... -The tricks food companies use to make their food addictive... -Why labels like "all natural" and "non-GMO" aren't what they seem and how to identify the healthiest food... -Food marketing hoaxes that persuade us into buying junk food disguised as health food... Vani Hari started FoodBabe.com in April 2011 to spread information about what is really in the American food supply. She teaches people how to make the right purchasing decisions at the grocery store, how to live an organic lifestyle, and how to travel healthfully around the world. The success in her writing and investigative work can be seen in the way food companies react to her uncanny ability to find and expose the truth. Impassioned by knowing how food affects health, Vani loves sharing her message on the blogosphere to 3 million unique readers across the globe. Vani convinced the biggest fast food chain in the world, Subway, to remove a controversial ingredient after receiving 50,000 signatures in 24 hours on her petition to the chain. After receiving tremendous attention on her posts about Chick-Fil-A, she was invited by the company's leadership to meet at its headquarters to consult on specific improvements to ingredients used by the national chain, which they later implemented. 7 months after Vani petitioned Kraft to remove harmful petroleum-based artificial food dyes from Mac & Cheese, Kraft responded by removing the dye from all products aimed at children. Other major food companies that have responded to her writings include Panera Bread, Whole Foods, Lean Cuisine, McDonalds, General Mills, Taco Bell, Starbucks, Coca-Cola, Chipotle, Yoforia, and Moe's South West Grill. Vani's activism brought national attention at the Democratic National Convention when she used her status as an elected delegate to protest in front of the U.S. Secretary of Agriculture on the issue of GMO labeling. Vani has been profiled in the New York Times, USA Today, Washington Times, Chicago Tribune, appeared on The Dr. Oz Show, Good Morning America, The Doctors Show, NBC News, Fox News and is a regular cooking contributor on NBC's Charlotte Today and food expert on CNN. During our discussion, you'll discover: -Inorganic phosphates (Pi), and their effects on physical performance...8:20 Here are the two studies Ben mentions: Phosphate Additives in Food—a Health Risk High-Phosphate Diet Induces Exercise Intolerance and Impairs Fatty Acid Metabolism in Mice Pi is used by the food industry to give processed foods a certain texture, add shelf life, etc. Adults with high Pi levels have a higher mortality rate: affects kidneys and other organs Study at Univ. of Texas: Pi lowered performance, Changed gene expression Higher level of Pi, the lower the physical activity Sodium phosphate is the most common ingredient used as a preservative -Insights into Vani's investigations into why foods are manufactured so differently in Europe vs. the U.S....12:15 Vani became aware of this when she noticed the ingredients in Kraft mac and cheese was very different in Europe than in the U.S. Started a petition to get Kraft to remove artificial food dyes in the U.S. U.K. requires warning label: "may cause adverse effects on activity and attention in children" Kraft decided to use natural ingredients rather than put on the warning label Chose to not do the same in the U.S. because the FDA doesn't require a warning label; it's simply cheaper. Natural ingredients look and taste the same as yellow #5 and #6 Every major American company does this Pepsi serves American version of its products with artificial preservatives; and one with plain sugar, beta kerotene, etc. in Europe It comes down to money: synthetic ingredients are cheaper French fries are vastly different in U.K. from the U.S. These chemicals go into many things, not just food The dangers of artificial flavors: FDA was recently sued by several non-profits because 7 ingredients were allowed to be used, that are linked to cancer in animal studies FDA banned the chemicals due to the lawsuit Found everywhere in candy They have 2 years to remove the chemicals FDA didn't require companies to tell the public which ingredients are the cancer causing ones Quaker Oats is allowed to write "strawberry" on the label and not actually add strawberries to the product Ketchup: [34:20] Heinz Ketchup Mark Sisson's Primal Ketchup U.K. gets just sugar and tomatoes, vinegar and spices U.S. gets GMO's and artificial preservatives We get exposed to genetically engineered corn that's been developed to withstand carcinogens -To what extent is the FDA involved in regulating the foods we buy at the grocery store, airport delis, etc...40:45 Common phrase: "Generally regarded as safe" Not mandatory to report to the FDA Americans are very trusting of their government to oversee, ensure what we eat is safe Food companies invent ingredients; Safety tested by the companies, FDA doesn't have the resources to check everything How is the FDA regulated? NRDC, watchdog organization WTF: Red dye #3 was banned in cosmetics, but not in maraschino cherries? GAO: Org that exists to submit claims with concerns about unsafe ingredients -Some of the common lies about ingredients we find on packaged food...47:30 Parmesan cheese had up to 13% cellulose added to it Sargento capitalized on new awareness, but in a deceitful way "Off the block" Read the ingredients, still using cellulose Former CEO of Whole Foods asked Vani for "next level" of package labeling trends Will see ingredients on front, vs. the back of packaging RX Bar: "No BS"... had "natural flavoring" on the back of the package Natural flavors can have multiple chemicals used "Incidental additives" -What concerns we should have if we buy all organic...55:36 Different levels of "organic" 100% - every ingredient is organic 95% - up to 5% non-organic allowed "Made with organic ingredients" - only 70% need to be organic Pesticides used on organic products Certified organic farm must use natural methods of controlling weeds before using pesticides Types of chemicals are tested Eating organic doesn't avoid pesticides; it does reduce the load on your body Beware of glyphosate -What does the diet look like for The Food Babe?...1:03:50 Avoid as many packaged and processed foods as possible Eat most meals at home Steel cut oatmeal w/ flax seeds, chia seeds, fruit Make a salad for lunch Dinner: 4 course meals -And much more... Resources from this episode: -Feeding You Lies: How to Unravel the Food Industry's Playbook and Reclaim Your Health -The latest two studies on inorganic phosphate: Number 1; and Number 2. -Primal Kitchen ketchup -Kion natural energy bars -Zach Bush's product "Restore" as an anti-glyphosate strategy -Marion Nestle's Amazon book page Episode Sponsors: -Kion:  My personal playground for new supplement formulations. Ben Greenfield Fitness listeners receive a 10% discount off your entire order when you use discount “bgf10”. https://getkion.com -Trusii: Contains a host of anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, and anti-allergy benefits. For this reason, I have decided to now make consumption of hydrogen-rich water an important part of my daily nutritional routine...and I highly recommend it! Enter code “ben” at checkout and get 30% off your order! trusiih2.com/ben -Policy Genius: The easy way to shop and compare all your insurance needs. policygenius.com -Pura Thrive: Combines pure ingredients in targeted dosages through a superior delivery mechanism that is unrivaled by any other supplement on the market today. Get 15% off a bottle of the Keto Balance when you go to purathrive.com/greenfieldketo Do you have questions, thoughts or feedback for Vani or me? Leave your comments below and one of us will reply!  See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Animal scientists have long considered domestic livestock to be too dumb to know how to eat right, but the lifetime research of animal behaviorist Fred Provenza and his colleagues has debunked this myth. Their work shows that when given a choice of natural foods, livestock have an astoundingly refined palate, nibbling through the day on as many as fifty kinds of grasses, forbs, and shrubs to meet their nutritional needs with remarkable precision. In his brand new book "Nourishment: What Animals Can Teach Us about Rediscovering Our Nutritional Wisdom", Fred presents his thesis of the wisdom that links flavor-feedback relationships at a cellular level with biochemically rich foods to meet the body’s nutritional and medicinal needs. Provenza explores the fascinating complexity of these relationships as he raises and answers thought-provoking questions about what we can learn from animals about nutritional wisdom. What kinds of memories form the basis for how herbivores, and humans, recognize foods? Can a body develop nutritional and medicinal memories in utero and early in life? Do humans still possess the wisdom to select nourishing diets? Or, has that ability been hijacked by nutritional “authorities”? Consumers eager for a “quick fix” have empowered the multibillion-dollar-a-year supplement industry, but is taking supplements and enriching and fortifying foods helping us, or is it hurting us? On a broader scale Fred explores the relationships among facets of complex, poorly understood, ever-changing ecological, social, and economic systems in light of an unpredictable future. To what degree do we lose contact with life-sustaining energies when the foods we eat come from anywhere but where we live? To what degree do we lose the mythological relationship that links us physically and spiritually with Mother Earth who nurtures our lives? Provenza’s paradigm-changing exploration of these questions has implications that could vastly improve our health through a simple change in the way we view our relationships with the plants and animals we eat. Our health could be improved by eating biochemically rich foods and by creating cultures that know how to combine foods into meals that nourish and satiate. Provenza contends the voices of “authority” disconnect most people from a personal search to discover the inner wisdom that can nourish body and spirit. That journey means embracing wonder and uncertainty and avoiding illusions of stability and control as we dine on a planet in a universe bent on consuming itself. Fred Provenza is professor emeritus of Behavioral Ecology in the Department of Wildland Resources at Utah State University. At Utah State, Provenza directed an award-winning research group that pioneered understanding of how learning influences foraging behavior and how behavior links soils and plants with herbivores and humans. Provenza is one of the founders of BEHAVE, an international network of scientists and land managers committed to integrating behavioral principles with local knowledge to enhance environmental, economic, and cultural values of rural and urban communities. The many awards he received for research, teaching, and mentoring are the creativity that flowed from warm professional and personal relationships with over 75 graduate students, post-doctoral students, visiting scientists, and colleagues. Along with colleagues, he authored over 250 publications in scientific journals and books. His first book was Foraging Behavior. He co-authored a second book with Michel Meuret, The Art & Science of Shepherding: Tapping the Wisdom of French Herders. In our podcast, we take a deep dive into all these questions and topics and many more, including: -How Fred got interested in studying animals and their nutritional habits...7:45 He was fascinated by all things having to do with nature from a very young age Led to studying wildlife biology at Colorado State U; worked on a ranch concurrently Ran the ranch after graduation for 2 years Led to Utah State studying for a grad degree Eating habits of goats contradicted conventional wisdom Book: Biochemical Individuality by Roger Williams -Biochemical individuality: what it is, and why it's important...10:48 There's no such thing as an "average animal" in regards to food selection Study on how animals "finished" eating... Total Mixed Ration: mixing ingredients together (5 total), versus offering them individually Animals with a choice on what to eat ate less than animals with no choice Gained weight, body composition was just as good Animals with no choice suffered over-ingestion 5 ingredients is not nearly as much as animals foraging in the wild No 2 animals selected the same combo of ingredients; nor the same food from day to day -How Clara Davis' studies on children over 100 years ago is similar to Fred's work today...17:38 Longest study ever done on human beings 6 years; performed on adopted children Choice of 34 different foods Allowed children to self-select their own diet "A body knows, will select what it needs." Eerily similar findings; as though they were plagiarizing her words Children with Rickets Disease chose cod liver oil, then stopped eating it when they were cured Article: Clara M. Davis and the wisdom of letting children choose their own diets -How nutritional wisdom is akin to three legs on a stool, where if one is broken, it won't work...23:38 Leg #1: Flavor feedback relationships Feedback changes "liking" as a function of need "Vitamin fortification" affects our innate desire for nutrient rich foods If someone is on a highly-processed diet, small amounts of nutrients is akin to the total mixed ration practice Energy gets packed away in the form of fat in our bodies Example of cows eating a 2 lb mixed mineral simply because they craved zinc in their system, which was in a small amount in the block of feed Leg #2: Wholesome alternatives Leg #3: Social and cultural considerations Role of mother to children is essential Babies' fetal taste system is fully functional during last trimester Learning about food world via amniotic fluid Mother's diet can influence flavor preferences of children Genes are being expressed as a function of the environment we experience -How to find the right diet if you come from an ethnic and genetic melting pot...37:40 Epigenetics: the study of changes in organisms caused by modification of gene expression rather than alteration of the genetic code itself. Very relevant to Fred's work Play the "long game" Establish and maintain a strong connection with your community, local environment and diet Our genes become linked to the local environment over time and generations Bison, elephants, etc. with extended families become linked to their environment When you break the linkages, it's very difficult to reestablish -Ancestral wisdom when it comes to pairing our foods...46:23 Book: "Life in the Rocky Mountains"by Warren Angus Ferriss When eating bison that were in good health, on a healthy diet, the taste was phenomenal; never got tired of eating it Grass fed isn't grass fed, isn't grass fed Plant diversity in animals will influence flavor and biochemical composition of meat and fat, with implications for the health of human beings Feed-lot diet: diverse mix of compounds vs. simple diet Quality of meat, fat, milk, etc. from an animal free range very different from one on a feed-lot -Synergy in diet, and when it's appropriate to supplement our diet with synthetic ingredients...50:40 Research paper: Food, not nutrients, is the fundamental unit in nutrition The more you focus on individual compounds, the more deleterious health effects go away Need to eat wholesome foods, grown in good conditions -What we can learn from animals when it comes to avoiding toxicity in our diets...1:00:40 Pay attention to cues in your body Animals have innate ability to limit intake to levels that don't cause toxicity Animals love to eat a variety of foods 50-75 species within one meal All plants they eat are potentially toxic Variety contains secondary compounds; reduces toxicity Sheep will eat new buds, but will taper off once they reach a phytochemical threshold induced by nausea -About John Hoxsey and the formula he developed to heal cancer Had a prized stallion that developed cancer Couldn't bring himself to shoot it Put it to pasture to live out his days Began eating plants it hadn't eaten before Eventually cancer goes away Started a series of research that led to his formula -And much more... Resources from this episode: -Nourishment: What Animals Can Teach Us about Rediscovering Our Nutritional Wisdom -Biochemical Individuality by Roger Williams -Book: "Life in the Rocky Mountains"by Warren Angus Ferriss -Alder Springs Ranch -PHY906 as a Chinese treatment -Essiac tea -Book: The Art & Science of Shepherding: Tapping the Wisdom of French Herder by Fred Provenza and Michel Meuret -Book: Foraging Behavior by Fred Provenza Episode Sponsors: -Kion: My personal playground for new supplement formulations. Ben Greenfield Fitness listeners receive a 10% discount when you use discount “bgf10”. https://getkion.com  -Organifi Green Juice: Now you can get all your healthy superfoods in one glass...with No Shopping, No Blending, No Juicing, and No Cleanup. Use discount code “greenfield” at checkout and get a 20% discount on your entire order! organifi.com/ben -Pso Rite: The Pso-Rite is your 24/7 massage therapist when your body needs it the most. Get a 10% discount when you order your Pro-Rite using my link. https://bengreenfieldfitness.com/feelssoright  -Birdwell Beach Britches: Quality is our Gimmick isn’t just our slogan, it’s a commitment we honor with every stitch we sew. 100% money back guarantee. Get 10% off your order when you use discount code “beng” PLUS free shipping on any order over $99.  birdwell.com Do you have questions, thoughts or feedback for Fred Provenza or me? Leave your comments below and one of us will reply!  See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

As I wrote about in my article entitled “How Breath-Holding, Blood-Doping, Shark-Chasing, Free-Diving & Ketosis Can Activate Your Body’s Most Primal Reflex.”, after reading the fascinating book "Deep: Freediving, Renegade Science, and What the Ocean Tells Us about Ourselves" I hired (two years ago) a guy named Ted Harty, from Immersion Freediving in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida to certify me in freediving so that I could learn how to spearfish. At over six feet tall and 230 solid pounds, Ted is a big, bold, loud, extroverted character. He looks like a boxer, and not like a guy who you’d expect to be diving at incredibly efficient oxygen capacity to depths deeper than most human beings have ever ventured. But it was Ted who was about to open my eyes to a whole new world of freediving, and who I spent nearly every waking hour of ninety-six hours of my life learning every possible closely-guarded breath-holding and deep-diving tactic. Ted began his underwater career in 2005, as a scuba instructor in the Florida Keys.  Over the years, Ted became a Scuba Schools International Instructor and a Professional Association of Diving Instructors Staff Instructor. But whenever Ted was on the boat and did not have students to take care of, he’d jump in with mask, fins and snorkel and play around on the reef, sans scuba equipment. As Ted highlights in this fascinating, quick video about his life: “Sometimes I’d have just five minutes to swim around without all of my scuba gear. I loved it. I could swim down to the sand at Sombrero Reef and hang out for a bit at 20 feet. I wanted more. I wanted to learn how to stay down longer and how to dive deeper.” So, in January of 2008, Ted took his first Performance Freediving International (PFI) course. “I couldn’t believe how little I knew about freediving at the time. As a scuba instructor I knew more about diving physiology than the average Joe, but quickly realized I knew nothing about freediving. At the start of the course I had a 2:15 breath-hold, but after just four days of training I did a five-minute hold! I couldn’t believe it was possible.” Next, Ted signed up for instructor-level courses at Performance Freediving. He was soon offered a job teaching with Performance Freediving, when he moved to Fort Lauderdale. Then, in 2009 Ted went to PFI’s annual competition. At the time, he was about a 80- to 90-foot freediver and weighed 230 pounds. He wasn’t in good shape at all, but after three weeks of training under the tutelage of world-reknowned freedivers Kirk Krack and Mandy-Rae Cruickshank, he did a 54 meter (177 -feet) freedive. “I was blown away by what I was capable of.” Ted spent a year working with Kirk and Mandy, while traveling around the country teaching the Intermediate Freediver program. Then, in 2010, a much more fit Ted went back to PFI’s annual competition. That year his new personal best was 213 feet, and currently he’s managed to up that to an impressive 279 feet. In June 2012, Ted was selected as the Team Captain for the US Freediving Team at the Freediving World Championships, and in 2013 he attained PFI Advanced Instructor and PFI Instructor Trainer, becoming the first and only PFI independent instructor to receive this rating. Oh yeah, and Ted also holds the record for hypoxic underwater swimming in the pool, having done 7 full lengths (175 meters) without a single breath.  But most impressive? Ted has anemia. This means his blood can’t deliver oxgyen as efficiently to his muscles and brain as most of the world’s population. This means he has a blood hematocrit level of 34, easily 1/3 less than most athletes. This is a condition that would leave most folks huffing and puffing for air after climbing a flight of stairs. Obviously, anemia hasn’t stopped Ted. In our last podcast, which you can listen to here, Ted and I covered: -Why being cold and cold water can actually inhibit your ability to hold your breath… -How to use static apnea tables to enhance your ability to tolerate high levels of CO2 and low levels of O2… -Why training your mammalian dive reflex is so useful, even if you have zero desire to do long breathholds or freediving competition… -Why you should avoid hyperventilation and “blowing off CO2” prior to a breath hold… -The difference between Ted's breathing techniques and Wim Hof's breathing techniques… -And much more... Today Ted is back, and we take a deep dive (pun intended) into: -What happens to the body during free diving...8:30 Similar effects as yoga Alter how you breathe Interact with marine life Stress release -What is the "mammalian dive reflex" and why we would want to activate it...11:56 Genetically coded in every human on the planet Dolphins, seals, whales possess the mammalian dive reflex We all have it, but at different levels depending on experience Several components: Bradycardia; Body lowers demand for oxygen Fingers, toes constrict Pee reflex - peripheral extremities constrict We don't have conclusive data on how free diving affects HRV and the vagus nerve The connection between the spleen and breath holding/free diving Another component of the mammalian dive reflex Simply holding one's breath on dry land compresses the spleen Legal blood doping In elite athletes, holding breath compresses spleen; an ordinary person, not so much In free diving, your body become more accustomed to these changes Large amounts of blood circulate through the spleen; compressing it leads to large release of red blood cells Breath holds in the sauna activate the spleen; not the same effects as diving -Other benefits of free diving...24:07 Overall well-being How can drowning and suffocating be relaxing? A: You don't feel that way People swear by its efficacy Comparable to training to lose weight Any studies on how much calories are lost during free diving It's absolutely exhausting Generating body heat Study: 1,100 calories burned per hour Breath work wouldn't translate to burning calories Glycogen sparing effect Ketones increase ability to hold breath -Other ways we're able to increase breath hold time...29:40 Take a bigger breath Diaphragm, chest, shoulders, neck Flexibility of rib cage determines the size of your breath "Sipping" -What an apnea table is, and the difference between Co2 and O2 apnea...36:30 Table: series of breath holds How you can breathe up for How long you can breathe for Learn to tolerate low levels of oxygen; CO2 levels rising Carbon dioxide table: breathe up for 2 minutes; hold breath for 2 minutes... Wonka table You want higher Co2 levels Hyper ventilating discards Co2 faster than anything Sit on couch, hold breath You'll feel contraction, start stopwatch; deal with discomfort for 15 seconds Take one breath Go to the bathroom before doing this! Would you do a table while exercising? No, but you can incorporate breath exercises into your training Risk of blacking out; do on seated equipment Book: The Oxygen Advantage by Patrick McKeown Book: The Power of Your Breath by Anders Olsson -What kind of breath work one would do in between dives to maintain maximum breath hold time...49:00 Remember diaphragmatic breathing Only thing you should feel moving is your stomach moving out and in We're all chest breathers Control, be conscious of your breathing vs. not thinking about it -Why the valsalva breathing technique is not optimal for free diving...52:52 Pinch and blow: equalize your ears Can use valsalva scuba diving Frenzel technique Pinch your nose. Fill your mouth up with a little bit of air. Close the epiglottis. Move the soft palate to the neutral position. Use the tongue as a piston and push air towards the back of your throat. Valsalva is optimal for scuba diving as you dive head first; air rises Frenzel is optimal for free diving because you dive head first; opposite of scuba diving -A demonstration of the Frenzel breathing technique...58:00 -Similarities and differences between Ted's breathing technique and Wim Hof's...1:02:15 Hof's methods are good for cold therapy, not necessarily breath holding Hyperventilation increases risk for blackout Drastically lowers Co2 levels Carbon dioxide levels trigger urge to breathe Physically reduces amount of oxygen available to your body Bore effect: When we hold our breath, our blood becomes more acidic; changes ph levels Hyperventilating increases strength of the bond between hemoglobin and oxygen If strength of bond too high, oxygen molecule can't be used as fuel Hyperventilating initially increases ability to hold breath, but there's the risk of blackout -Exercise and stretching regimens specific to free divers...1:13:00 Paradox: Free divers train a lot, which leads to high metabolism, which you don't want as a free diver There is no set regimen on how to craft the "perfect free diver" Problem seeking to solve is very complicated Similar to training cyclists would undergo Diaphragmatic stretching is critical - Ted gives demonstration -Some of the courses Ted teaches online...1:26:00 FreeDivingSafety.com -And Much More... Resources from this episode: -Click here to see all of Ted's courses, including how to equalize, how to take a 20-30% bigger breath, how to freedive safely, and much more! -Deep: Freediving, Renegade Science, and What the Ocean Tells Us about Ourselves -The OURA ring - Save $50 with code: GREENFIELDOURA -The WHOOP wristband -Spleen volume and blood flow response to repeated breath-hold apneas. -CO2 and O2 apnea tables -The Wonka table -The Oxygen Advantage book by Patrick McKeown -The Power Of Breath -My podcast with Laird Hamilton about underwater workouts -FreeDivingSafety.com Episode Sponsors: -Kion: My personal playground for all things having to do with health and wellness. You can get 10% off your entire order when you use discount code "bgf10" at checkout. -JOOVV: Everything from enhanced muscle recovery to increased sexual performance to improved skin health, and much more. After using the Joovv for close to 2 years, it's the only light therapy device I'd ever recommend. Use my link and use code "ben" at checkout and receive a cool bonus gift with your purchase. -Thrive Market: Your Favorite Organic Foods and ProductsUp to 50% Off. Delivered to Your Door. Get 25% off your first order when you order using my link! -Harry's Razors: When you go to harrys.com/greenfield, you'll receive a $13 value trial set that has everything you need for the closest shave you can imagine. Do you have questions, thoughts or feedback for Ted or me? Leave your comments below and one of us will reply!See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

"The good physician treats the disease. The great physician treats the patient." - Sir William Osler You deserve better than the broken, assembly-line medical system. The world deserves the optimized version of you. We can get you there. So claim my guests on today's show, Dr. Matt Dawson and Dr. Mike Mallin of Wild Health, with physical locations in Versailles, Kentucky and Bend, Oregon. Dr. Matt Dawson is a precision medicine physician in Lexington, KY and co-host of the Wild Health podcast. Dr. Dawson has been obsessed with performance optimization as long as he can remember. He received scholarships to play two sports in college even with "minimal talent" because of his voracious reading and implementation of any fitness or nutritional techniques that would give him an edge. He continued that obsession in medical school and, as a physician, he has won national awards for education, innovation, and leadership. He has lectured in over 20 countries and trained thousands of other physicians through live lecture, online education, two textbooks, and an educational app. He combines his training in genomics and functional medicine to give personalized, precise medical guidance. His obsession with performance optimization has morphed from initially athletic to now mental performance and longevity. Whether it's a professional athlete or a grandparent optimizing their mental clarity and mobility to keep up with their grandkids, Dr. Dawson is passionate about helping everyone perform at their absolute peak. Dr. Mike Mallin is a physician in Bend, Oregon who is obsessed with health performance and precision medicine and is co-founder of the Wild Health podcast. He completed medical school in South Carolina, and trained in Emergency Medicine in Salt Lake City, Utah where he competed in several ultramarathons and found his love for the mountains and performance. Mike currently practices in Bend, Oregon and Lexington, Kentucky in his precision medicine clinic. He is also co-founder of the Ultrasound Podcast, an educational podcast that has taught thousands of physicians all over the world how to use ultrasound, as well as Wild Health, his newest podcast focusing on health performance and longevity. During our discussion, you'll discover: -How Dr. Dawson played two sports in college despite possessing "minimal talent"...8:55 Received two scholarships: tennis and soccer Became obsessed with performance; auto-didact Focused on helping others optimize their fitness and performance goals Ben had to figure out ways to train to overcome physical limitations in college - first foray into biohacking -The story behind the founding of Wild Health...13:05 Met 12 years ago, residency in Salt Lake City Interested in personal health for performance; competed with each other Became interested in genomics trying to fix Dr. Mallin's cholesterol numbers, which were very high Extremely high LDL; over 300 Used epidemiology; lots of guess work. Frustrated with conventional methods Saw need for adding genomic and microbiome data into the treatment Began studying "precision medicine" Treat patients primarily in person, in their respective clinics Data is important, but focus on a relationship, know patient's lifestyle, etc. -What the heck is "precision medicine"...17:45 First and foremost: not treating a patient as a statistic What may be true for a "population" may not necessarily be true for an individual Two individuals with the same problem (ex. insufficient Vitamin D) may require completely different treatments -Machine learning algorithms and artificial intelligence used in precision medicine...20:10 Closest we can come to that at the moment is the human brain Difficulty in obtaining accurate data is in lifestyle factors Great potential; Onegevity (listen to my podcast) has great potential but too many variables Is there a "gold standard" test that Drs. Mallin and Dawson use on their patients Varies with each individual according to their needs and specific situation/lifestyle -Strategies Drs. Mallin and Dawson recommend in terms of athletic performance optimization...24:15 Depends on the individual Some need more recovery time than others Genetic tests to determine power vs. endurance Focus on doing what people like to do Optimize sleep: oura ring, Elite athletes, exercise enthusiasts Won't change based on genetic data Focus on overtraining by using data to educate them appropriately Can better identify a power vs. endurance approach with someone who is more passive in their regimen What Matt's daily exercise regimen looks like: Sauna: near infrared light, meditation (20 minutes) 90 lb. kettlebell; short sets (20 minutes) Reading (20 minutes Short, compressed exercise much more efficacious than a long run, long sets of strenuous activity HRV, breath work, -How Drs. Mallin and Dawson approach cognitive performance, as well as dementia and Alzheimers...36:50 Start with genetic testing Alzheimers easier to treat before symptoms start If you have apoe4 gene, you're 3-15x more likely to have Alzheimers; earlier onset There are ways to treat Alzheimers with the right data at hand Healthy diet, sleep, detoxification Book: The End of Alzheimer's by Dr. Dale Bredesen P Gingivalis The Fortune magazine article on BMAA -How Drs. Mallin and Dawson approach longevity and anti-aging...43:30 Ultimate hack: find an ancient practice (like fasting) that simulates a modern day compound like rapamycin or metformin Spermidine Results from studies on athletes who take compounds like metformin? What about stem cells... Proceed with caution. Possible if a patient has major health issues. Educate them and let them make the decision they believe is best PulseCenter PEMF -Drs. Mallin and Dawson's personal nutrition regimen...50:15 TianChi for Ashwagandha Reduces blood sugar level Increasing testosterone and fertility KSM 66 How do you measure for testosterone? 5 days of taking a supplement to getting to a "steady state" Test once per month Joovv Light Multi-modal approach First step: test for imbalance; then adjust lifestyle before supplementation DUTCH test: Key for women, not as much for men So much fluctuation of estrogen during the cycle More efficacious than single-serum test Listen to my podcast on the DUTCH test -What about cardiovascular health...59:11 Primary interventions - diet, lifestyle - help with 80% of cure 3 areas to focus on: Inflammation Endothelial dysfunction High LDL particle count Treat based on the reason for the problem; not because there's a problem The Insulin Of The Heart: A Little-Known Seed Extract That May Be The Future Panacea For Heart Disease. -How Drs. Mallin and Dawson go about identifying the perfect diet for people... They're both on very different diets Use genomics to figure out predispositions Weston A. Price Start with what the person likes; the "perfect diet" is useless if people don't adhere to it. -About the Kentucky Castle, and upcoming event where Ben will be speaking...1:09:13 -And much more! Special Announcements: - Kentucky Castle Event: On April 6, 2019, Drs. Dawson and Mallin will show you the science of how to look at your genetics and personalize every life decision to what your body will respond best to. Ben Greenfield will share his vast knowledge of nutrition and exercise science to help you figure out how to hack your biology and get the most out of the genetics you were born with. This will happen at the amazing Kentucky Castle. Interactive discussions and presentations will take place from 9am - 1pm on April 6th. Then everyone will take a field trip to Keeneland to watch the sport of kings, thoroughbred horse racing, at the most beautiful race track in the world. After the festivities we'll return to the castle for a feast in the evening and dinner with Ben Greenfield and Drs. Dawson and Mallin. There they'll answer your specific questions about genomics, personalized medicine, the microbiome, or any other questions you have. Registration is very limited, so click here to register now. -Retreat in the Swiss Alps: Join Ben Greenfield and Robyn Openshaw, aka The Green Smoothie Girl, for an immersive health retreat in the Swiss Alps! At this 2019 liver detox and R&R at the beautiful Swiss Mountain Clinic (formerly Paracelsus al Ronc) in the Italian quarter of Switzerland, you will stay on-site and receive diagnostics and treatments from the best doctors of biological medicine, to detox your liver and your soul. Plus you're going to have a wonderful time hiking, sightseeing and enjoying one of the most beautiful places in the world. Click here for more information. Spots are extremely limited! -Runga in Napa Valley: In September and October this year, people from all over the world will come together at a pristine property nestled on the ridge between Napa and Sonoma Valley, for one of the most immersive wellness experiences in the world. Guests spend four days connecting with each other and themselves, while learning and applying practices that are at the forefront of wellness and longevity. This is the RUNGA Immersion. Click here for more information. To keep up with all of Ben's upcoming public events, just visit the official Ben Greenfield Fitness Calendar. Resources from this episode: -Precision Medicine -My podcast on Onegevity Health -Book: End Of Alzheimer's by Dale Bredesen -The Fortune magazine article on BMAA -Reversal of Cognitive Decline: 100 Patients -A1 vs. A2 protein -PulseCenter PEMF -TianChi for Ashwagandha -JOOVV light -Oura ring -My podcast on the DUTCH test -The Insulin Of The Heart: A Little-Known Seed Extract That May Be The Future Panacea For Heart Disease. Episode Sponsors: -Kion: The Daily Life Bundle contains Ben and Team Kion's go to, everyday essentials: Kion Bars, Coffee, Aminos and Kion Lean. Use discount code "bgf10" and receive 10% off your order. -Trusii: Boost energy; increase focus; upgrade immunity; enhance fitness. All with hydrogen-rich water from Trusii. Use discount code "ben" and receive 30% off your order. -Zip Recruiter: The smartest way to hire. Use my link and try Zip Recruiter for FREE! -Marc Pro: Helps you recover right and keep your body healthy, so you can do the things you love now without paying for it later. Use discount code "ben" to receive 10% off your order. Do you have questions, thoughts or feedback for Dr. Dawson, Dr. Mallin or me? Leave your comments below and one of us will reply!See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

When it comes to nutrition benefits, clams are interesting creatures. For example, they are a well known as a source of iron.  There are two types of iron - heme and non-heme iron. Heme-iron is more bioavailable, which means it is better absorbed and can be utilized by the body. Clams have both versions of iron, and a 3-ounce serving of clams can provide up to 24 mg of iron. But they are an excellent source of: - Omega-3 fatty acids - Protein - Vitamin A - Niacin - Potassium - Thiamin - Calcium - Thiamine - Folate - Choline - Magnesium - Sodium - Iron - Vitamin B12 - Selenium -Manganese -Vitamin C -Copper - Phosphorus -Riboflavin - Zinc - Vitamin E - Vitamin B6 - Vitamin K The list goes on and on...and my guest on today's show, Craig Dinkel - a supplement formulator, ultra-endurance athlete, altitude specialist and much more - has managed to study and harness the power of clams. On today's show we take a deep dive into clams, his new Altifuel supplement, and much, much more. During our discussion, you'll learn: -About Craig's adventure on the Hardest Hike in America (which we talked about his last time on the podcast)...4:30 Along the Sierra High route; At altitude (9-12k feet); 33 mountain passes Takes over 3 weeks to finish Pack ultra-light everything Big mistake: Bought ultra-light backpack Not designed to carry as much weight. Excess weight caused strain on lower back and glutes Get the weight higher up (mid-back or higher) Decided to pull out the 3rd day - potentially dangerous situation -Why Craig initially sought the health benefits of clams...19:20 Desiccated liver extract powder great for high-altitude events Clams have highest amount of iron and Vitamin B12 available Clams are a more potent version of the desiccated liver -Concerns about the level of contaminants found in clams...23:45 Use wild, farm-raised clams Small serving (3 oz.) of clams contain 1500% of daily iron intake Heme vs. non-heme iron Great source of minerals High amount of Omega 3 and Vitamin K2 -What Craig combines clams with to get the highest level of efficacy...30:30 Cordyceps, rhodiola, ginkgo biloba Rhodiola crenulata vs. Rosea Maintains sodium pulmonary transport in the body Helps reverse altitude sickness AMS - Acute Mountain Sickness Cordyceps - Oxygen producing capabilities with poly saccharides Why not add blue-green AFA to his ingredients... Strong nootropic effect Helps with muscle recovery Wanted most powerful source to work with blood development; clams superior. Have to pick and choose what you think is the best -Best practices for taking the capsules...43:00 Find lowest dose for highest impact -And much more... Resources from this episode:  -Kifaru backpacks -Altifuel supplement with clam option and liver option -Biotropic Labs  -My previous episodes with Craig Dinkel: Shattering World Swim Records On 25-Piece Fried Chicken Buckets, Climbing Mountains While Eating Defatted, Vegan, Grass-Fed, Argentinian Liver Anhydrate & Much More. Recovery For Aging Athletes, Cross-Patterning, A New Kind Of High Intensity Interval Training, An Oxygen Boosting Supplement Called “Oxcia” & More! A Potent Pre-Sauna Stack, How To Cleanse Your Blood Before Bed, 700%+ Endurance Increases, The Best Supplements For Altitude Performance & Much More With Craig Dinkel of Biotropic Labs. The Hardest Hike In America, How To Train & Eat For Altitude, Dangerous Ingredients In Supplements & More With Craig Dinkel of Biotropic Labs. Episode Sponsors: -Kion: The Recovery Bundle Contains Kion Flex, Kion Aminos Tablet, LivingFuel SuperEssentials® Omega 3EDA+. Use discount code "bgf10" and receive 10% off your order. -Organifi Red: A “Tart-Sweet” Custom Brew With The HOTTEST Fat Melting And “Skin-Firming” Superfoods In The World. Use code "greenfield" at checkout and receive 20% off your order. -Purathrive: Stay in ketosis, shred fat off your body, experience sustained energy throughout the day… and… break through plateaus to reach the next level that once felt out of reach. Do you have questions, thoughts or feedback for Craig or me? Leave your comments below and one of us will reply!See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In this podcast, Jay Campbell, a Champion Men’s Physique Competitor and best selling author of the Testosterone Optimization Bible, discusses topics such as the safety of metformin, the use of peptides for muscle gain and fat loss, and testosterone replacement therapy. They also touch on whey protein allergies, the effectiveness of tesimoralin for abdominal fat loss, and misconceptions about testosterone replacement therapy.