Preparation is critical for effective communication, whether spontaneous or planned, as it helps in addressing audience needs and goals. It involves considering the audience's knowledge, resistance, attitudes, and defining the goal in terms of information, emotion, and action. Key ideas should be stockpiled, not memorized, to facilitate structuring in the moment. Managing anxiety is vital before communication engagements, and preparation includes creating an anxiety management plan with techniques like deep breathing, positive affirmations, and staying present. Reframing anxiety as excitement can have positive effects, enhancing performance. It is advised to avoid last-minute calls for advice and work on anxiety management well in advance of speaking engagements to boost confidence and improve communication outcomes.

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