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Male and Female Aggression Dynamics in Sports Teams
Male athletes typically experience more direct aggression within their own teams such as name calling and fist fights, yet show low hostility when competing against another team. On the other hand, female athletes report higher levels of indirect aggression like rumors and ostracism within their team, which persists when playing against another team. Men exhibit a shift from internal hostility to external competitiveness when facing opponents, while women maintain intra-team hostility levels, being less cooperative by not passing the ball or showing exclusionary behavior.