Yamil Velez, a political scientist from Columbia University studying belief change, shares intriguing insights on shifting deeply held views. He discusses when fact-checks are effective and when they backfire, particularly if delivered rudely. The conversation reveals the delicate balance between persuasion and incivility, emphasizing the complex nature of belief dynamics. Yamil also explores the intersection of AI and argumentation, illustrating how tailored responses can engage individuals more effectively than generic approaches.