Ivan Krastev, a Bulgarian political scientist, and Stephen Holmes, a NYU Law professor, dive into the decline of liberalism in Eastern Europe, linking it to the post-Cold War era and rising populism. They discuss how Western ideals often clash with local realities, highlighting the psychological effects of national identity amidst political transitions. The conversation also touches on China's authoritarian capitalism and its challenges to democratic reforms, as well as the cultural complexities faced by nations grappling with their historical narratives.