In this enlightening conversation, Professor S. Jay Olshansky, a public health expert and author of a key paper on life extension, delves into the science of human longevity. He discusses the remarkable increase in life expectancy from 47 to 79 years and the biological hurdles that still limit radical life extension. The dialogue critically examines how innovations in health have improved survival rates, yet highlights the complex interplay of aging, disease, and societal factors that challenge further progress. Olshansky humorously explores theoretical anatomical changes for better longevity, underscoring the need for scientific rigor amidst speculative claims.