Mark Kramer, former Harvard Business School senior lecturer and co-founder of FSG, delves into Enel's remarkable transformation from a major coal polluter to a leader in renewable energy. He explains the strategic changes that facilitated this shift, such as innovative long-range planning and addressing the innovator's dilemma. Kramer discusses the cultural shifts necessary for embracing sustainability and how traditional industries can adapt to modern challenges while balancing business needs and environmental responsibilities.