James A. Robinson, a University of Chicago professor and 2024 Nobel laureate in Economic Sciences, explores what drives national success or failure. He discusses the significant role of political and economic institutions using examples like Nogales, Arizona, and Nogales, Mexico. Robinson dives into the balance between liberty and governance while examining the dynamics of states in transition. He also shares insights on tailoring economic advice to diverse local contexts and reflects on the process of envisioning ideal societies based on historical lessons.