Carole K. Hooven, an evolutionary biologist specializing in the science of play, reveals fascinating insights into how testosterone shapes behavior. She discusses the biological and cultural influences on play, explaining why boys often engage in rougher play than girls. The conversation also uncovers how testosterone impacts aggression and social dynamics in young males. By comparing human behaviors with those of other species, Hooven encourages a deeper understanding of the complexities of male development and the intersections of biology and culture.

Carole K. Hooven, an evolutionary biologist known for her work on testosterone's effects, dives into how this hormone influences behavior and culture. She explores why boys often engage in rough play compared to girls, linking these tendencies to evolutionary biology. Hooven discusses how testosterone affects behavior across species, highlighting similarities between humans and chimpanzees. She emphasizes the importance of understanding these biological influences while advocating for compassion towards diverse identities shaped by both nature and nurture.

Two scientists, Alex Byrne and Carole K. Hooven, discuss gender topics like 'sex assigned at birth' and the ontological issues behind it. The podcast also explores the emergence of animal chaplains offering spiritual care for different species, challenging traditional religious boundaries.