In this engaging discussion, Dr. Aaron Bower, an attending physician at Yale specializing in neuroimmunology, delves into the complexities of neurosyphilis. He describes the distinct stages of syphilis and its alarming rise in incidence, especially in the context of HIV co-infection. Dr. Bower highlights both early and late neurological manifestations, including syphilitic meningitis and complications like tabes dorsalis. The conversation also covers diagnostic approaches and CDC-recommended treatment protocols, emphasizing the critical need for effective monitoring.