How Could a Good God Allow Evil? | Prof. Rik Van Nieuwenhove
Oct 22, 2024
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In this insightful discussion, Rik Van Nieuwenhove, a distinguished professor at Trinity College Dublin, navigates the complex issue of evil in a world ruled by a good God. He examines the Thomistic perspective on divine providence, emphasizing the distinction between moral and natural evil. Rik passionately argues that suffering is not only a consequence of sin but can also serve a medicinal purpose, fostering spiritual growth. He invites listeners to reconsider how evil might play a role in a greater divine plan, enriching their understanding of faith.
Evil is defined as an absence of goodness, highlighting that it cannot exist independently nor be directly caused by a good God.
Suffering serves as a means to deepen one's relationship with God, encouraging growth in faith and love beyond self-serving motives.
Deep dives
The Nature of Evil and Goodness
Evil is defined as an absence of goodness, which presents a philosophical perspective that posits that evil does not exist independently but rather relates to the good it negates. This notion is rooted in the idea that one can only understand evil in light of the goodness that is missing, much akin to how darkness is perceived in contrast to light. This leads to the conclusion that evil cannot be directly caused by a good God since everything created by God is fundamentally good. Thus, when engaging with the question of a good God in a world with evil, one must consider that the existence of evil, rather than negating God's goodness, may actually affirm the order of goodness established by God.
Divine Providence and Secondary Causes
Divine providence is understood as God's care over creation and is discussed through the lens of causality, where God is seen as an indirect cause of natural evil. This perspective differentiates between moral and natural evils, asserting that while God does not directly will evil, He allows it to exist within the framework of a finite world that ultimately serves a greater good. Thomas Aquinas argues that the presence of natural evil is not evidence against a good God but rather a testament to His creative freedom and the complex interactions within His creation. Thus, God’s providence is not about micromanaging every event but enabling a world with secondary causes where human actions contribute to the unfolding reality.
The Gratuity of Love Amidst Suffering
Suffering can be interpreted not simply as punishment but as a means to foster a deeper relationship with God, prompting reflections on the nature of divine love. The randomness of afflictions in life allows for a non-calculative, gratuitous love for God that is not tied to receiving rewards or avoiding pain. This idea illustrates that enduring hardships can guide individuals towards a more profound understanding and appreciation of divine love, paralleling the unconditional love present in true friendships. Ultimately, while suffering might seem arbitrary, it can serve a purpose in God's overarching plan, encouraging believers to grow in their faith and love for God, detached from self-serving motives.
Prof. Rik Van Nieuwenhove lectures in Medieval Thought at Durham University, UK. He has published scholarly articles on medieval theology and spirituality, theology of the Trinity, and soteriology. His books include: Introduction to Medieval Theology (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012); Jan van Ruusbroec. Mystical Theologian of the Trinity (IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 2003); Introduction to the Trinity (with D. Marmion) (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011); and he is editor of The Theology of Thomas Aquinas (with J. Wawrykow) (IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 2005); and Late Medieval Mysticism of the Low Countries (with R. Faesen & H. Rolfson) (NJ: Paulist Press, 2008). Presently he is researching the topic of contemplation in Thomas Aquinas.
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