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To create an effective strategy, it starts with understanding the specific challenge or problem that needs to be addressed. This involves identifying what makes it difficult and choosing the most important and achievable challenge to focus on. Instead of calling it a strategy, think of it as an action agenda that outlines the steps and actions that will be taken to tackle the challenge.
Insight plays a crucial role in strategy development. Insight is gained by immersing oneself in the nature of the problem and identifying creative solutions. It is about finding the crux, or the hardest point of the challenge, and devising a unique approach or perspective to overcome it. Insight often comes unexpectedly and requires deep understanding and analysis of the problem at hand.
Organizational dynamics and politics can present challenges in executing a strategy. It is important to establish a hierarchy of power and decision-making to prioritize and make choices about what will be included in the strategy. Avoid the temptation to include every request or priority from various stakeholders. Instead, maintain focus on the core challenge and the actions needed to address it.
Drawing from history can provide valuable insights for strategy development. Studying historical events and analyzing similar challenges and solutions can help in understanding complex situations and identifying effective strategies. Insight can be gained by recognizing patterns, learning from successes and failures, and applying lessons learned to the present context.
Creating a strategy involves getting a group of people to come together and coalesce around an action agenda. Senior executives play a crucial role in this process as they possess the necessary knowledge and insights about the challenges and opportunities facing the organization. While external consultants can provide valuable analysis, the fundamental issues are often known internally. However, the main challenge lies in navigating diverse interests and power dynamics within the organization. CEOs must be willing to make choices and take action, despite the potential for resistance and changing power structures.
For startups, strategy involves making a bet on a particular product-market solution and being open to adapting as new information emerges. Startups typically begin by targeting a specific customer problem and offering a solution. However, successful startups often shift their focus and target different customers or offer variations of their product. It's crucial to be open-minded and willing to change course when faced with new insights. While uncertainty is inherent in startups, having a clear understanding of the technology and market landscape can help guide decision-making.
Richard Rumelt is a legend in the world of strategy. He’s the author of Good Strategy/Bad Strategy and The Crux: How Leaders Become Strategists, both of which are often recommended by guests on this podcast. From his early days teaching in Iran at a Harvard-sponsored business school to teaching at Harvard Business School itself to over four decades teaching at UCLA’s Anderson School of Management, Richard’s impact resonates globally. His strategic insights are sought after by major corporations including Microsoft, Shell, Apple, AT&T, Intel, and Commonwealth Bank and by governmental organizations such as the U.S. Army Special Operations Command. In this episode, we discuss:
• The essential components of a good strategy
• The importance of coherence in strategy
• Common pitfalls that create a bad strategy
• How “power” plays into strategy, and common sources of power
• The value of knowing history when developing effective strategies
• Why a strategy should simply be called an “action agenda”
• The need for one decider in an organization
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Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/good-strategy-bad-strategy-richard
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Where to find Richard Rumelt:
• Email: richard@generalimagination.com
• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/richard-rumelt-18520828/
• Website: https://thecruxbook.com/
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Where to find Lenny:
• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com
• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan
• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/
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In this episode, we cover:
(00:00) Richard’s background
(04:29) What is a strategy?
(06:23) The essential components of a good strategy (the “kernel”)
(15:04) An example of good strategy
(16:55) Bad strategy
(25:17) The importance of focus and power
(28:19) Identifying and utilizing power
(34:38) Types of power
(41:13) Implementing power
(48:15) The importance of historical knowledge
(55:23) How to write an action agenda
(01:02:47) The crux
(01:10:40) Challenges to executing a strategy
(01:15:44) The need for a decider
(01:20:39) Strategy for startups
(01:26:04) Richard’s “value denials” exercise
(01:31:01) Closing thoughts
(01:33:57) Lightning round
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Referenced:
• China’s Xi says ‘reunification’ with Taiwan is inevitable: https://www.cnbc.com/2023/12/31/chinas-xi-says-reunification-with-taiwan-is-inevitable.html
• The Crux: How Leaders Become Strategists: https://www.amazon.com/Crux-How-Leaders-Become-Strategists/dp/1541701240
• Good Strategy/Bad Strategy: The Difference and Why It Matters: https://www.amazon.com/Good-Strategy-Bad-Difference-Matters/dp/0307886239
• Fundamental Issues in Strategy: A Research Agenda: https://www.amazon.com/Fundamental-Issues-Strategy-Research-Agenda/dp/0875843433/
• Strategy, Structure, and Economic Performance: https://www.amazon.com/Strategy-Structure-Economic-Performance-Richard/dp/0875841090
• There’s more than the CIA and FBI: The 17 agencies that make up the U.S. intelligence community: https://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-17-intelligence-agencies-20170112-story.html
• Programme for International Student Assessment: https://www.oecd.org/pisa/
• Gerstner: Changing Culture at IBM—Lou Gerstner Discusses Changing the Culture at IBM: https://hbswk.hbs.edu/archive/gerstner-changing-culture-at-ibm-lou-gerstner-discusses-changing-the-culture-at-ibm
• Marvin Lieberman on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/marvin-lieberman-2a6b72/
• S&P 500: https://www.spglobal.com/spdji/en/indices/equity/sp-500/#overview
• Battle of Tora Bora: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Tora_Bora
• Milton Friedman: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milton_Friedman
• The Louvre: https://www.louvre.fr/en
• How does SpaceX build its Falcon 9 reusable rocket?: https://www.sciencefocus.com/space/how-does-spacex-build-its-falcon-9-reusable-rocket
• Charles Darwin: History’s most famous biologist: https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/charles-darwin-most-famous-biologist.html
• Donald Rumsfeld: https://www.defense.gov/About/Biographies/Biography/Article/602800/
• Bush: The Decider-in-Chief: https://www.cbsnews.com/news/bush-the-decider-in-chief/
• Woodrow Wilson: https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/woodrow-wilson/
• How the Sinking of Lusitania Changed World War I: https://www.history.com/news/how-the-sinking-of-lusitania-changed-wwi
• Nokia: https://www.nokia.com/
• The Rise and Fall of Nokia: https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=46041
• Salesforce: https://www.salesforce.com/
• These New Windows Let the Summer Breeze In, But Block the Street Noise: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/these-new-windows-let-the-summer-breeze-in-but-block-the-street-noise-7906121/
• Stop it! (Bob Newhart): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jvujypVVBAY
• The Innovator’s Dilemma: The Revolutionary Book That Will Change the Way You Do Business: https://www.amazon.com/Innovators-Dilemma-Revolutionary-Change-Business/dp/0062060244
• Playing to Win: How Strategy Really Works: https://www.amazon.com/Playing-Win-Strategy-Really-Works/dp/142218739X
• Steve Jobs: https://www.amazon.com/Steve-Jobs-Walter-Isaacson/dp/1982176865
• Only the Paranoid Survive: How to Exploit the Crisis Points That Challenge Every Company: https://www.amazon.com/Only-Paranoid-Survive-Exploit-Challenge/dp/0385483821
• Titan: The Life of John D. Rockefeller, Sr.: https://www.amazon.com/Titan-Life-John-Rockefeller-Sr/dp/1400077303/
• Yellowstone on Paramount+: https://www.paramountnetwork.com/shows/yellowstone
• Smart telescopes: https://milehighastro.com/collections/smart-telescopes
• Cassandra Clare: https://cassandraclare.com/
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Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.
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Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed.
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