Curator of globalization at the Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History, Joshua A. Bell, along with other experts, discusses the role of rocks in powering our cellphones. The podcast explores the use of indium in touch screens, the rarity and importance of tantalum, challenges of recycling old phones, and the process of e-waste recycling. It emphasizes responsible usage and highlights the exhibition 'Cell Phone, Unseen Connections'.
Indium is essential for touchscreens on cell phones, highlighting the complex ecosystem of materials in our devices.
Tantalum, crucial for capacitors in phones, is scarce and demands ethical sourcing due to environmental disruption.
Deep dives
The Importance of Indium in Cell Phones
Indium, a rare and precious element, is essential for the functionality of touchscreens in cell phones. The element, discovered in the 1860s, is used in the indium tin oxide coating on phone screens, allowing them to register touch and respond accordingly. This reliance on indium highlights the complex ecosystem of materials found in cell phones and the natural resources required to create such advanced technology.
Tantalum: A Key Element for Capacitors
Tantalum, another rare element, is crucial for the production of capacitors, which store electrical energy in phones. Tantalum's resistance to corrosion and density make it ideal for this purpose. However, tantalum is scarce, making up only two parts per million of the Earth's crust. Mining for tantalum primarily occurs in Africa, with challenges around ethical sourcing and traceability due to conflicts and environmental disruption. The demand for tantalum highlights the global network and environmental impact involved in electronics production.
Recycling Cell Phones: Challenges and Responsibility
Recycling cell phones, with their complex composition of numerous materials, presents significant challenges. The process involves sorting and separating the materials, often relying on advanced technologies and techniques like magnetized chambers and air separation. However, achieving pure fractions of materials is difficult, and elements like tantalum cannot be easily separated and recycled. As individual consumers, the best approach is to extend the lifespan of electronic devices, like cell phones, by using them for as long as possible and seeking repairs when necessary. Being aware of the origins and lifecycle of our devices encourages responsible usage and stewardship of natural resources.
Cellphones put the power of the world at our fingertips. With the touch of a finger, you can instantly connect with your doctor, have food delivered to your office or simply obliterate your niece at Words with Friends. And it's all made possible by rocks formed millions of years ago, deep underground. Join us as we bust open our devices to figure out how these stones power our phones.
Guests: Joshua A. Bell, curator of globalization at the Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History Michael Wise, geologist in the department of mineral sciences at the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History Josh Lepawsky, professor of geography at Memorial University of Newfoundland
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