The Thomistic Institute

Render Unto Caesar: Aquinas On the Relationship Between Religion and Politics I Prof. Michael Krom

Aug 25, 2025
Prof. Michael Krom, a Thomistic philosophy expert from Saint Vincent College, dives into Aquinas's insights on the relationship between religion and politics. He unpacks the biblical command to 'render unto Caesar,' emphasizing our dual obligations to God and political authority. The discussion reveals how early Christians navigated their faith in diverse political landscapes and the moral responsibilities of citizens in the face of unjust laws. Krom also explores Aquinas's views on legal justice and the interplay between faith, civic duty, and the concept of armed defense for the church.
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INSIGHT

Two Realms: Natural Goods vs. Political Goods

  • Aquinas reads 'render unto Caesar' as a distinction between goods owed to political authority and goods owed to God.
  • He contrasts natural gifts (bread and wine) offered to God with artificial coinage belonging to Caesar.
INSIGHT

The New Law Is Perfect Liberty

  • The Christian 'new law' is called the law of perfect liberty because grace makes obedience free and loving.
  • Aquinas argues fulfilling the law through grace transforms duty into freely chosen loving action.
INSIGHT

Christians As Sojourners In The Polis

  • Early Christianity distinguished religion from civic identity by being 'sojourners' scattered through cities.
  • Christians obey local customs yet transcend political religion by belonging primarily to the body of Christ.
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