Josephine Baker, one of the most significant entertainers of the first half of the 20th century and a highly effective spy during the Second World War, had an extraordinary life. From her turbulent childhood and life-altering experience to her rise from street corners to Broadway, she overcame numerous obstacles. Her later life was marked by her adoption of twelve children, involvement in the Civil Rights Movement, and financial struggles. Josephine Baker's enduring legacy is seen in her influence on black women performers and her status as an adopted citizen of France.
Josephine Baker overcame poverty and obstacles to become a highly successful entertainer in the first half of the 20th century.
Josephine Baker used her fame as a spy during World War II, gathering valuable information for French counter-intelligence officials.
Deep dives
Josephine Baker's Rise to Fame
Josephine Baker, born into poverty, overcame numerous obstacles to become one of the most significant entertainers of the first half of the 20th century. Despite her humble background, she found success as a dancer, performer, and eventually as an operatic diva in France. Her scandalous performances, combined with her comedic and physical skills, made her immensely popular in Paris during the Harlem Renaissance. She gained fame, endorsement deals, and friendships with renowned artists and writers like Ernest Hemingway and Pablo Picasso.
Josephine Baker as a Spy
During World War II, Josephine Baker used her fame and celebrity status to work as a spy for the French military intelligence. She socialized with Germans frequenting nightclubs in Paris and gained access to officials at the Italian and Japanese embassies. Under the guise of being an honorable correspondent, she gathered valuable information and passed it on to French counter-intelligence officials. After the invasion of France, she continued to perform throughout Europe, using her celebrity to continue her espionage work and aid members of the French resistance.
Josephine Baker's Legacy and Honors
Josephine Baker's legacy goes beyond her entertainment career and espionage activities. She was an advocate for civil rights and fought against racism. She adopted twelve children from different countries and religions, creating a diverse family known as the Rainbow Tribe. She dedicated her later years to supporting the Civil Rights Movement in the United States. After her death, she was honored with awards, a street name in Paris, and her former home, the Chateau des Milandes, became a museum dedicated to her memory. In 2021, she was interred in the prestigious French Pantheon, alongside other notable French citizens.
The woman the world would know as Josephine Baker was born into abject poverty in 1906 in Saint Louis, Missouri.
Despite her humble background and numerous obstacles in her way, she became one of the most significant entertainers of the first half of the 20th century. However, the way she found success was unlike any of her contemporaries.
She later used her fame and celebrity as a highly effective spy during the Second World War.
Learn more about the incredible life of Josephine Baker on this episode of Everything Everywhere Daily.