Taylor N. Carlson, "Through the Grapevine: Socially Transmitted Information and Distorted Democracy" (U Chicago Press, 2024)
Jan 26, 2025
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In this engaging discussion, Taylor N. Carlson, an Associate Professor of Political Science at Washington University in St. Louis, presents her research on how socially transmitted information shapes democracy. She explores the alarming trend of Americans learning about politics through peers rather than traditional media, resulting in biased and distorted narratives. Carlson reveals how this impacts political engagement and contributes to polarization, making democracy more complex. Her insights urge listeners to rethink the sources of their political knowledge.
Socially transmitted information, evolving from media to personal conversations, often becomes sparse and biased, contributing to distorted democracy.
Engagement with co-partisan information can spur political participation, but it risks reinforcing misinformation and polarization in political discourse.
Deep dives
The Role of Social Transmission in Information Sharing
Social transmission of information plays a pivotal role in shaping political understanding and behavior. When individuals share information derived from media, it often undergoes alterations that can make it sparse, biased, and mobilizing. Research indicates that when participants relay information from a balanced news article, their summaries might emphasize contrasting views, reflecting their political biases rather than the original content. This distortion can lead to significant differences in perception, which affects political discourse and the overall information landscape.
Consequences of Information Distortion on Political Attitudes
The distortion of information through social transmission can lead to under-informed and polarized political attitudes. Exposure to biased or mobilizing information encourages individuals to align their policy preferences more closely with their political party. This effect, while it may increase political engagement, can also amplify misinformation and narrow understanding of complex issues. Thus, while politically charged conversations can invigorate civic participation, they also risk solidifying divisions and misinformation within political discussions.
Impact of Social Transmission on Political Engagement
Social transmission of information significantly influences political engagement, with individuals reporting a higher likelihood of participating in political activities after engaging with co-partisan information. Exposure to conversations that reinforce existing beliefs can spur actions such as contacting legislators or attending protests. Despite self-reported increases in engagement, the underlying motivations and outcomes of such activities vary, suggesting a complex relationship between conversation and civic participation. This dynamic shows that while conversations can motivate action, they can also lead to decisions driven by distorted information.
Balancing Polarization and Misinformation in Democracy
The interplay between social transmission, polarization, and misinformation raises essential questions about the state of American democracy. While increased polarization may simplify voter choices, it can also hinder compromise and exacerbate divisions. The limited occurrence of misinformation, despite its presence, suggests that most circulated information retains a degree of accuracy, challenging the notion of rampant misinformation in everyday conversations. Future research and engagement strategies should focus on navigating this complex landscape, promoting accurate information sharing while recognizing the potential for both positive and negative impacts on democratic processes.
Accurate information is at the heart of democratic functioning. For decades, researchers interested in how information is disseminated have focused on mass media, but the reality is that many Americans today do not learn about politics from direct engagement with the news. Rather, about one-third of Americans learn chiefly from information shared by their peers in conversation or on social media. How does this socially transmitted information differ from that communicated by traditional media? What are the consequences for political attitudes and behavior?
Drawing on evidence from experiments, surveys, and social media, in Through the Grapevine: Socially Transmitted Information and Distorted Democracy(University of Chicago Press, 2024) Dr. Taylor N. Carlson finds that, as information flows first from the media then person to person, it becomes sparse, more biased, less accurate, and more mobilizing. The result is what Carlson calls distorted democracy. Although socially transmitted information does not necessarily render democracy dysfunctional, Through the Grapevine shows how it contributes to a public that is at once underinformed, polarized, and engaged.
This interview was conducted by Dr. Miranda Melcher whose new book focuses on post-conflict military integration, understanding treaty negotiation and implementation in civil war contexts, with qualitative analysis of the Angolan and Mozambican civil wars.